ANACARDIACEAE CASHEW (SUMAC) FAMILY

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Coral Chambers
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1 ANACARDIACEAE CASHEW (SUMAC) FAMILY Plant: vines (usually woody), shrubs, or small trees Stem: woody, particularly with age, often with milky or resinous juice (resin ducts in bark) Root: Leaves: simple or most often pinnately compound (or 3 s, trifoliate), mostly alternate; stipules none or very small Flowers: regular (actinomorphic), perfect or most often imperfect (dioecious); petals 0 or 3 but usually 5, small; sepals 3 or usually 5 and often fused at base; 5 or 10 stamens in 2 series alternate with petals or reduced or absent; ovary superior, carpels and styles usually 3 Fruit: berry or berry-like (drupe), usually oily Other: mostly tropical; Sumac and Poison Ivy is very common locally, many are toxic; family also includes pistachio, cashew and mango; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 80+ genera; locally Cotinus (smoke tree), Rhus (sumac) and Toxicodendron (poision- sumac, oak, and ivy's) WARNING family descriptions are only a layman s guide and should not be used as definitive

2 Flower Morphology in the Anacardiaceae (Cashew family) Examples of common genera European Smoketree Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Introduced) [Common] Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra L.

ID OF THE 4 SUMACS [Shining] Winged Sumac - Rhus copallinum Fragrant Sumac - Rhus

terminal leaflet narrows to the rachis and is not stalked as is poison ivy; leaf shape

Staghorn Sumac - Rhus typhina Pinnate leaves (13 or fewer leaflets usually), mostly

Smooth Sumac - Rhus glabra Leaves pinnate (7-(10-25)) leaflets, toothed; fruit, twigs

3 ID OF THE 4 SUMACS [Shining] Winged Sumac - Rhus copallinum Fragrant Sumac - Rhus aromatica Ternate (trifoliate or 3-part) compound leaf, note that the middle or terminal leaflet narrows to the rachis and is not stalked as is poison ivy; leaf shape differences above helps to define 2 varieties. Staghorn Sumac - Rhus typhina Pinnate leaves (13 or fewer leaflets usually), mostly entire or with fine teeth, both petiole and rachis winged. Smooth Sumac - Rhus glabra Leaves pinnate (7-(10-25)) leaflets, toothed; fruit, twigs and leaf axis with dense, long hairs. Leaves pinnate (11-21 leaflets), with teeth, mostly sessile; stem with raised dots (resin canals), my be glaucous; twigs mostly glabrous.

ID OF THE POISON 3 Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Poison Oak Toxicodendron pubescens Poison Sumac Toxicodendron vernix Britton, N.L.

often climbing with aerial roots or may be prostrate and shrubby Trifoliate (3 leaflets) - the terminal (middle) leaflet has a definite

4 ID OF THE POISON 3 Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Poison Oak Toxicodendron pubescens Poison Sumac Toxicodendron vernix Britton, N.L., and A. Brown An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 2: 484 Trifoliate (3 leaflets) - the terminal (middle) leaflet has a definite stalk, ± coarse teeth (variable); stem woody toward base, often climbing with aerial roots or may be prostrate and shrubby Trifoliate (3 leaflets) - the terminal (middle) leaflet has a definite stalk, 3-6(7) rounded lobes; small or low shrubs, woody toward base, NOT climbing (no aerial roots) Leaves pinnate, leaflets, entire, rachis red and not winged; fruit white, in panicles; leaves scarlet red in fall; most common in swamps and bogs

5 ANACARDIACEAE CASHEW (SUMAC) FAMILY European Smoketree; Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Introduced) Smoke Tree; Cotinus obovatus Raf. Fragrant Sumac; Rhus aromatica Aiton [Shining] Winged Sumac; Rhus copallinum L. Smooth Sumac; Rhus glabra L. Staghorn Sumac; Rhus typhina L. [Eastern] Poison Ivy; Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Poison Sumac; Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze

6 European Smoketree Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Introduced) Lenawee County, Michigan Notes: shrub to small tree; flowers dioecious, small, white to yellowish, dropping early leaving long stalks with purple hairs (very showy); leaves simple, alternate, elliptical to oval; twigs reddish when young but USDA brownish later; fruits asymmetrical and flattened; spring (determined to be C. coggygria due to more northern location) [V Max Brown, 2008]

tree) Notes: shrub to small tree; flowers dioecious, small,

with purple hairs (very showy); leaves simple, alternate, mostly

7 USDA Smoke Tree Cotinus obovatus Raf. Close Memorial Park, Springfield, Greene County, Missouri (planted tree) Notes: shrub to small tree; flowers dioecious, small, greenish yellow in clusters, dropping early leaving long stalks with purple hairs (very showy); leaves simple, alternate, mostly oval; twigs reddish when young but gray later; fruits asymmetrical and flattened; spring [V Max Brown, 2012]

8 Fragrant Sumac Rhus aromatica Aiton Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub; flowers yellowish green in clusters on catkin-like structure; leaves alternate, trifoliate, USDA terminal leaflet mostly sessile, fragrant when crushed, shape and pubescence variable (form varieties); stem with lenticels or pores; twigs thin, often bent; fruit bright red, with long hairs, in clusters; spring [V Max Brown, 2008]

9 USDA [Shining] Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl. Irwin Prairie State Nature Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub; flowers greenish yellow; pinnate leaves (13 or fewer leaflets usually), mostly entire or with fine teeth, both petiole and rachis winged, upper surface lustrous, 2-3+ cm wide; bark with raised bumps and streaks (resin canals); twigs and buds with velvety hair; fruit red in upright spikes, with dense short hairs; summer [V Max Brown, 2006]

10 USDA Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra L. Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub; flowers yellowish green; leaves pinnate (11-21 leaflets), with teeth, mostly sessile; stem with raised dots (resin canals), my be glaucous; twigs mostly glabrous; fruit red, in upright panicle or spike, short hairy; widespread shrub; spring [V Max Brown, 2005]

11 USDA Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina L. Maumee Bay State Park, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub; flowers yellowish green; leaves pinnate (7-(10-25)) leaflets, toothed; fruit, twigs and leaf axis with dense, long hairs; trunk lenticels horizontal; leaf scars very deep; spring; the largest of the sumacs [V Max Brown, 2006]

12 USDA [Common] Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub or vine; flowers small, yellowish white to greenish, form clusters in leaf axils; 3 leaflets (trifoliate), ± coarse teeth; stem woody toward base, climbing or prostrate; fruit white to gray; buds with very fine hairs; poisonous to touch at all times (resinous oil); variable with several varieties [V Max Brown, 2005]

13 USDA Poison Sumac Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: shrub to small tree; flowers yellowish green; leaves pinnate, leaflets, entire, rachis red and not winged; fruit white, in panicles; leaves scarlet red in fall; buds downy hairy; swamps, bogs, etc.; late spring to early summer (Poisonous) [V Max Brown, 2009]

Anacardiaceae cashew family

Anacardiaceae cashew family Mostly tropical, the family includes nearly 600 species; four species are native to Nova Scotia. Leaflets are pinnately or palmately compound. Typical are small, regular flowers,