Gymnázium, Brno, Slovanské nám. 7, WORKBOOK - Biology WORKBOOK. Student:
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1 WORKBOOK Subject: Teacher: Student: Biology Iva Kubištová.. School year:../ This material was prepared with using Topics: Nervous system, Senses, Animal Behaviour
2 Nervous System, Senses. Animal Behavior. Task No 1: Read the paragraphs in the boxes and look at the diagram. Then answer the questions. The nervous system gives directions to all the other systems in your body. It also gets information from your senses, and keeps track of how well the different parts of your body are working together. The nervous system is made up of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Peripheral just means not central. Your brain and spinal cord make up your CNS, and send and receive messages through your PNS. Your senses allow you to perceive the world by seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, and smelling. Your sense organs collect information about the world and send it to your brain. The brain decodes the signals and makes them meaningful. Many drugs act to disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system. Drugs can change your mood, perception, and your brain s ability to think and to control the rest of your body Which part of the nervous system is your brain in? 2. Which part of the nervous system do the nerves in your skin belong to? 3. You may not think that caffeine is a drug, but it is. When you drink a soda that contains caffeine, you may feel jittery. Why do you think this is?
3 Nervous System, Senses. Animal Behavior. Task No 2: Read the paragraph in the box and study the diagram. Then answer the questions. The nervous system is like a very complicated computer. As in a computer, electrical signals travel throughout the system. Instead of the wires you would see in a computer, the nervous system is made up of nerve cells, or neurons. The neurons have gaps between them, called synapses, which an electrical signal has to jump across in order to continue. Instead of jumping across the gap as a spark, the impulse is passed across the gap by a chemical signal called a neurotransmitter What would happen to your nervous system if the neurotransmitters in your body were suddenly blocked? 2. What do you think would happen if a lot of neurotransmitters were suddenly placed throughout all of your nervous system?
4 Nervous System, Senses. Animal Behavior. Task No 3: The human brain is illustrated here. Using the word list, identify the labeled parts. Cerebellum, brainstem: midbrain, pons, medulla; hypothalamus, ventricles, thalamus, pituatiry gland, cerebrum, diencephalon. Nervous System, Senses. Animal Behavior. Task No 4: The human nervous system. Read the paragraph in the box. Then answer the questions. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord is a cylinder of nervous tissue extending from the base of the brain down the back, protected by the spinal column. It transmits massages to and from the brain, and controls spinal reflexes. The peripheral nervous system, or PNS comprises all the nerves and sensory receptors outside the central nervous system. 1. In the human nervous system, briefly explain the structure and role of each of the following: a) The central nervous system b) The peripheral nervous system
5 The PNS comprises sensory and motor divisions. Peripheral nerves all enter or leave the CNS, either from the spinal cord (the spinal nerves) pr the brain (cranial nerves). They can be sensory (from sensory receptors), motor (running to a muscle or gland) or mixed (containing sensory and motor neurons). The motor division comprises two parts: Somatic nervous system: the neuron that carry impulses to voluntary (skeletal) muscles. Autonomic nervous system: regulates visceral function over which there is generally no conscious control, e.g. heart rate, gut peristalsis involving smooth muscle, pupil reflex, and sweating 2. Explain the significance of the separation of the motor division of the PNS into somatic and autonomic divisions:
6 Nervous System, Senses. Animal Behavior. Task No 5: The human nervous system. Use the picture to answer the questions. Explain the structure and role of each of the following divisions of the autonomic nervous system: a) The sympathetic nervous system: b) The parasympathetic nervous system:
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