Memory (1) Visual Sensory Store. Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Model of Memory
|
|
- Stephany Moore
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Memory (1) Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Model of Memory Visual Sensory Store It appears that our visual system is able to hold a great deal of information but that if we do not attend to this information it will be rapidly lost. X M R J C N K P V F L B Demo at: Sperling (1960) Presented array consisting of three rows of four letters Subjects were cued to report part of display 1
2 Visual Sensory Memory Mean number of words reported Vary the delay of cue in partial report After one second, performance reached asymptote Delay of cue (in seconds) Iconic Memory Sperling s experiments indicate the existence of a brief visual sensory memory known as iconic memory or iconic store Information decays rapidly unless attention is transfers items to short-term memory Analogous auditory store: echoic store Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Model of Memory Short-term memory (STM) is a limited capacity store for information -- place to rehearse new information from sensory buffers Items need to be rehearsed in short-term memory before entering long-term memory (LTM) Probability of encoding in LTM directly related to time in STM 2
3 a memory test... DOORKNOB CONCRETE SUNSHINE SOFTBALL RAILROAD CURTAIN HAMMER SUBWAY DOCTOR CANDLE TURKEY COFFEE FOLDER PLAYER LETTER PENCIL TOWEL KITTEN MAPLE TABLE Serial Position Effects no distractor task distractor task In free recall, more items are recalled from start of list (primacy effect) and end of the list (recency effect) Distractor task (e.g. counting) after last item removes recency effect Serial Position Effects Explanation from Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) model: Early items can be rehearsed more often more likely to be transferred to long-term memory Last items of list are still in short-term memory (with no distractor task) they can be read out easily from short-term memory 3
4 Forgetting over time in short-term memory. Peterson and Peterson (1959) Baddeley s working memory system. Baddeley proposed replacing unitary short-term store with working memory model with multiple components: Phonological loop Visuo-spatial sketchpad Central executive (ignore the episodic buffer) Baddeley and Hitch (1974) Baddeley (1986) Phonological Loop (a.k.a. articulatory loop) Stores a limited number of sounds number of words is limited by pronunciation time, not number of items Experiment: LIST 1: Burma Greece Tibet Iceland Malta Laos LIST 2: Switzerland Nicaragua Afghanistan Venezuela Philippines Madagascar Word length effect mean number of words recalled in order (list words; list words) Phonological loop stores seconds worth of words 4
5 Two routes to phonological loop Visual presentation Auditory presentation Articulatory control process Speech code Phonological loop Articulatory control process converts visually presented words into a speech code Articulatory suppression (e.g. saying the all the time) disrupts phonological loop Prediction: Word length effect depends on phonological loop With articulatory suppression, visually presented items should not display word length effect Immediate word recall as a function of modality of presentation (visual vs. auditory), presence vs. absence of articulatory suppression, and word length. Baddeley et al. (1975). Working memory and Language Differences Different languages have different #syllables per digit Therefore, recall for numbers should be different across languages E.g. memory for English number sequences is better than Spanish or Arabic sequences (Naveh-Benjamin & Ayres, 1986) 5
6 Evaluation of the Evidence for the Phonological Loop Accounts for phonological similarity and the word-length effect Support from neuroimaging studies Baddeley, Gathercole, and Papagno (1998) Its function may be to learn new words Encoding & Retrieval Effects Levels of Processing (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) Levels of processing effect: Deeper levels of processing (e.g., emphasizing meaning) leads to better recall. 6
7 Encoding Specificity Principle Recollection performance depends upon the interaction between the properties of the encoded event and the properties of the retrieval information Context Change Information learned in a particular context is better recalled if recall takes place in the same context Similarly, information learned in a particular context may be difficult to recall in a dramatically different context Godden & Baddeley (1975, 1980) Memory experiment with deep-sea divers Deep-sea divers learned words either on land or underwater They then performed a recall or recognition test on land or underwater 7
8 Mood-dependent Memory Easier to remember happy memories in a happy state and sad memories in a sad state. Subjects study positive or negative words in normal state. Test in positive or negative induced states. mood primes certain memory contents Kenealy (1997). State-dependent recall Does physical state matter? Eich et al. (1975): study while smoking normal or marijuana cigarette. Test words under same or different physical condition Forgetting 8
9 Forgetting Functions Ebbinghaus (1885/1913): Forgetting over time as indexed by reduced savings. Most forgetting functions show: Negative acceleration Rate of change gets smaller and smaller with delay Power law of forgetting Why do we forget? Forgetting Some possibilities: Memory has disappeared decay theory Memory is still there but we can t retrieve it repression inhibition theory interference theory What is Repression? Something happens that is so shocking that the mind grabs hold of the memory and pushes it underground, into some inaccessible corner of the unconscious. - Loftus (1993) Some self-help book ( Courage to Heal ) relate repressed memories to sexual abuse 9
10 Recovered memory vs. False Memory How do we know whether repressed memories are accurate? In some cases, traumatic information is misremembered or simply made up Loftus has been involved in many cases Points out problems of hypnosis suggestive questioning dream interpretations Elizabeth Loftus False Memory in the Lab Deese, Roediger, McDermott paradigm Study the following words Recall test... Recognition memory test SLUMBER BLANKET DROWSY SNOOZE DREAM AWAKE SNORE PEACE TIRED YAWN DOZE REST BED NAP Use ratings 1) sure new 2) probably new 3) probably old 4) sure old TEST: COFFEE SNORE SLEEP REST Results Critical lure ( sleep ) are words not presented but similar to studied words. These words are often falsely recalled (sleep: 61% of Ss.) Recognition memory results proportion of items classified with confidence levels: confidence rating studied items not studied unrelated critical lure (e.g. REST ) (e.g. COFFEE ) (e.g. SLEEP ) 10
11 Subjects reporting recovered memories are more vulnerable to false memories False recognition of words not presented in four groups of women with lists containing eight associates. Clancy et al. (2000) Proactive and retroactive interference Inhibitory mechanisms in Forgetting Cued recall as a function of the number of times the cues had been presented before for recall (respond condition) or for suppression (suppress condition). Anderson and Green (2001) 11
Memory Part II Memory Stages and Processes
Memory Part II Memory Stages and Processes Memory processes Overview encoding, storage, and retrieval Capacity & duration of memory stages sensory memory short-term memory long-term memory Working memory
More informationMemory II. Reconstructive Memory Forgetting
Memory II Reconstructive Memory Forgetting Observe this crime scene What does a penny look like? Memory Biases Memory is better for meaningful significant features than for details of language or perception
More information1960s Many models of memory proposed. Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)-Modal Model. Sensory Memory. Short-term Memory. Long-term Memory.
1 1960s Many models of memory proposed Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)-Modal Model Sensory Memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory 2 Primary Memory Secondary Memory 3 1 4 Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory
More informationSeptember 25, Measures of facilitated responding (priming) Lexical decision
1 Memory I: Basic Findings September 25, 2008 2 3 Major Historical Landmarks Basic Phenomena Hermann Ebbinghaus Uber das Gedächtniss (1885): first major treatise on empirical study of memory Bartlett (1932):
More informationASHI 712. The Neuroscience of Human Memory. Dr. Olave E. Krigolson LECTURE 2: Short Term Memory and Sleep and Memory
ASHI 712 The Neuroscience of Human Memory Dr. Olave E. Krigolson krigolson@uvic.ca LECTURE 2: Short Term Memory and Sleep and Memory Working / Short Term Memory Sunglasses Chair Dress Earrings Boots Bed
More informationIntro to Cognitive Neuroscience. Working memory
Intro to Cognitive Neuroscience Working memory 1 What is working memory? Brief, immediate memory for information we are currently processing. Closely related to attention: attending to something is often
More informationChapter 5 Short-term/Working Memory
Chapter 5 Short-term/Working Memory Original Information Processing Model rehearsal transfer Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory input from the world attention retrieval Characterizing Memories
More informationAS Module 1. Cognitive & Developmental Psychology. Cognitive Human Memory. The nature and structure of memory Thought to be three types
AS Module 1 Cognitive & Developmental Psychology Cognitive Human Memory The nature and structure of memory Thought to be three types Sensory memory Short term memory Long term memory Short Term Memory
More informationMEMORY. Announcements. Practice Question 2. Practice Question 1 10/3/2012. Next Quiz available Oct 11
Announcements Next Quiz available Oct 11 Due Oct 16 MEMORY Practice Question 1 Practice Question 2 What type of operant conditioning is Stewie using to get attention from his mom? A rercer that acquires
More informationCognition. Mid-term 1. Top topics for Mid Term 1. Heads up! Mid-term exam next week
Cognition Prof. Mike Dillinger Mid-term 1 Heads up! Mid-term exam next week Chapters 2, 3, of the textbook Perception, Attention, Short-term memory The lectures are to help you digest the chapters; exams
More informationChapter 5. Memory Structures and Processes. Chapter 5 Memory Processes
Chapter 5 Memory Structures and Processes Chapter 5 Memory Processes 1 Memory The Man with the 30 Second Memory Chapter 5 Memory Processes 2 Are Some things Easier (Harder) to remember than others? Chapter
More informationShort-Term and Working Memory. Outline. What is memory? Short-term memory Working memory Working memory and the brain. Chapter 5
Short-Term and Working Memory Chapter 5 Outline Short-term memory Working memory Working memory and the brain What is memory? The Persistence of Memory -Salvador Dali Intuitions about memory Memory for
More information2/27/2017. Modal Model of Memory. Executive Attention & Working Memory. Some Questions to Consider (over the next few weeks)
Executive Attention & Working Memory Memory 1 Some Questions to Consider (over the next few weeks) Why can we remember a telephone number long enough to place a call, but then we forget it almost immediately?
More informationCoding. The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores.
Coding The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Coding The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Capacity The amount of information that can
More informationMemory part I. Memory Distortions Eyewitness Testimony Lineup Studies
Memory part I Memory Distortions Eyewitness Testimony Lineup Studies Memory for detail vs. gist Overview Memory distortions due to Schematic knowledge/general knowledge Semantic associations Misinformation
More informationMemory: Storage and Retrieval. Lecture 19
Memory: Storage and Retrieval Lecture 19 1 The Storage Phase of Memory Processing Assume that a Memory Trace has been Adequately Encoded What Happens over the Retention Interval? Forgetting 2 Retention
More informationAQA A Level Psychology. Topic Companion. Memory. Joseph Sparks & Helen Lakin
AQA A Level Psychology Topic Companion Memory Joseph Sparks & Helen Lakin AQA A LEVEL Psychology topic companion: MEMORY Page 2 Contents Memory The multi-store model 3 Types of long-term memory 9 The working
More informationHow Many Memory Stores Are There? PDF created with pdffactory trial version
How Many Memory Stores Are There? Outline The serial position curve The modal model Empirical evidence: manipulations and dissociations The modal model: critique Single-store models Two-store vs. single-store
More informationProf. Greg Francis 5/23/08
Prof. Greg Francis 5/3/8 Memory IIE 9: Cognitive Psychology Greg Francis Humans demonstrate memory when they behave in a way that could only be based upon previous experience Lecture does not necessarily
More informationOutline 3/14/2013. Practice question What are the two types of learning we discussed? Example: remembering our ATM PIN. PSYC 120 General Psychology
Outline 3/14/2013 PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 14: Memory 3 processes of memory Encoding Storage Retrieval Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 Office
More informationHow should you study for Friday's exam?
How should you study for Friday's exam? re-read textbook? re-read lecture slides? study guide? NO! these are passive. Use active study. Test yourself by Take the practice quizzes in Moodle Create your
More informationLongterm Memory. Declarative Memory Consolidation and Sleep. Current Memory Models. Traditional Memory Models. Why Sleep?
1 Longterm Memory Declarative Memory Consolidation and Sleep Kimberly Fenn Cognitive Psychology Psych 200 January 13, 2011 Declarative Memory Memory for facts, information, and events Procedural Memory
More informationCogSysIII Lecture 6: Attention, Memory Organization and Information Presentation
CogSysIII Lecture 6: Attention, Memory Organization and Information Presentation Human Computer Interaction Ute Schmid Applied Computer Science, Bamberg University last change May 22, 2007 CogSysIII Lecture
More informationThe effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2000, 7 (1), 158-162 The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall MATTHEW G. RHODES and JEFFREY S. ANASTASI Francis Marion University, Florence, South
More informationPsychology Midterm Exam October 20, 2010 Answer Sheet Version A. 1. a b c d e 13. a b c d e. 2. a b c d e 14. a b c d e
1 7 Psychology 3450 - Midterm Exam October 20, 2010 Answer Sheet Version A Name: MUN ID: Indicate your answer by crossing out the appropriate letter. Answer 20 questions only. 1. a b c d e 13. a b c d
More informationSKKU ISS3147 Myths and Mysteries of Human Learning and Memory
Instructor: Sean Kang, Ph.D. Email: sean.kang@dartmouth.edu Class Meets: Weekdays 1:30-4:00pm @ 9B114 SKKU ISS3147 Myths and Mysteries of Human Learning and Memory Short-Term Memory (STM) & Working Memory
More informationWorking Memory: Critical Constructs and Some Current Issues. Outline. Starting Points. Starting Points
Working Memory: Critical Constructs and Some Current Issues Edward E. Smith Columbia University Outline Background Maintenance: Modality specificity and buffers Interference resolution: Distraction and
More informationMemory 2/15/2017. The Three Systems Model of Memory. Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information
Chapter 6: Memory Memory Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information The Three Systems Model of Memory Each system differs in terms of span and duration 1 The Three Systems Model of
More informationCognitive Neuroscience of Memory
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Types and Structure of Memory Types of Memory Type of Memory Time Course Capacity Conscious Awareness Mechanism of Loss Sensory Short-Term and Working Long-Term Nondeclarative
More informationIncreasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk.
chunking Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk. clustering Organizing items into related groups during
More informationLecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
WORKING MEMORY Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017
More information11/14/2017 SUPPORT FOR A MULTI STORE MODEL TEMPORARY MEMORY: SHORT-TERM AND WORKING MEMORY INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL & THE MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY
SUPPORT FOR A MULTI STORE MODEL Distinctions between STM and LTM Behavior Biological Neurological TEMPORARY MEMORY: SHORT-TERM AND WORKING MEMORY Learning & Memory Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Ebbinghaus no
More informationInformation is taken in by the senses (input) then encoded in the brain where it is processed; this processing is followed by an output.
Define information processing Information is taken in by the senses (input) then encoded in the brain where it is processed; this processing is followed by an output. Define memory Memory is the encoding,
More informationSensory Memory, Short-Term Memory & Working Memory
Sensory, Short-Term & Working Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 04/17/2018: Lecture 04-2 Note: This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that I wrote to help me create
More informationChapter 3. Working Memory
+ Chapter 3 Working Memory + Atkinson and Shiffrin s (1971) Modal Model Environmental Input Sensory Registers Detect sensory input from the various modalities Visual, auditory, haptic, etc. Memories are
More informationThe Working Memory Model (WMM) By Karys, Emily V, Dan C, Liam
The Working Memory Model (WMM) By Karys, Emily V, Dan C, Liam So what is the Working Memory Model? The Working Memory Model (WMM) is one explanation for how the short term memory (STM) functions and is
More informationUnit 1 Memory. long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration
Unit 1 Memory The Multi-Store Model of memory: Types of Long-Term memory: The Working Memory Model: Sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and
More informationVERBAL LEARNING AND MEMORY: Does the Modal Model Still Work?
Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1996. 47:143 72 Copyright 1996 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved VERBAL LEARNING AND MEMORY: Does the Modal Model Still Work? Alice F. Healy and Danielle S. McNamara Department
More informationChapter 7 09/10/2012. Memory Errors. Memory Errors and Memory Gaps. A Hypothesis about Memory Errors
Chapter 7 Memory Errors and Memory Gaps Memory Errors Dutch people recalled seeing video of El Al flight crashing into apartment building but no video ever made. In another study, Ss confidently reported
More informationCognitive psychology
2 is the study of the role of cognitive processes in human behaviour. Cognitivists study mental processes, such as perception, memory, attention, language and problem solving, in order to understand how
More informationWorking memory after 40 years. Graham Hitch University of York. Conference on WM and children s learning Copenhagen 2014
Working memory after 40 years Graham Hitch University of York Conference on WM and children s learning Copenhagen 2014 Modal Model of Memory Atkinson & Shiffrin (1971) But, some problems e.g. STM patients
More informationMemory CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER PREVIEW
CHAPTER 8 Memory CHAPTER PREVIEW Memory is the persistence of learning over time. One helpful model of human memory is the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage processing model, which describes how information
More informationCase studies related to the multi-store model
Case studies related to the multi-store model The cases of HM and Clive Wearing are related to the multi-store model, in that both cases support the functioning of STM and LTM as independent mechanisms
More informationMemory. Chapter 7 Outline. Human Memory: Basic Questions. Memory 10/2/ Prentice Hall 1. Chapter 7. How is pulled back out ( ) from memory?
Memory Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Outline Basic Processing Encoding Retrieval Systems of Memory Physiology of Memory Your Memory Human Memory: Basic Questions How does get into memory? How is information in memory?
More informationAQA Psychology A-level. Topic 2: Memory. Notes.
AQA Psychology A-level Topic 2: Memory Notes Part 1 Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory: Coding refers to the format or type of information which is stored in each memory store. Coding is acoustic
More informationWhat Effect Do Schemas Have On The Recall Of
What Effect Do Schemas Have On The Recall Of Memories AIM:Bartlett aimed to investigate the effect of culture on memory. memory ability/ability to recall and have advantageous effects if asked to do a
More informationto Cues Present at Test
1st: Matching Cues Present at Study to Cues Present at Test 2nd: Introduction to Consolidation Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 05/03/2018: Lecture 06-4 Note: This Powerpoint
More informationSAMPLE. Memory. The Working Memory Model.
Memory The Working Memory Model tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint This tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint is copyrighted and may not be reproduced or shared without permission from the author. All images are
More informationATKINSON & SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY. Consists of three stores or functional storage location. Sensory store Short-term store Long-term store
MEMORY ATKINSON & SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY Consists of three stores or functional storage location Sensory store Short-term store Long-term store ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL The three stores each use
More information3/20/2014. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory
Seven Sins of Memory Memory Retrieval 2 Seven Sins of Memory Dan Schacter (Harvard) Compared seven common memory errors to deadly sins If you avoid these you are rewarded with good memory But, sinning
More informationCHAPTER. Memory. Preview
CHAPTER 8 Memory Preview Memory is the persistence of learning over time. Evidence that learning persists includes recall, recognition, and relearning. One helpful model of human memory is the Atkinson-Shiffrin
More informationVISUALIZING. Chapter 7: Memory. Lecture Overview. The Nature of Memory Biological Bases of Memory Forgetting Memory Distortions
VISUALIZING Prepared By: Ralph Hofmann, Durham College Chapter 7: Memory Media Enhanced PowerPoint Presentation Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd 2 Lecture Overview The Nature of Memory Biological
More informationLecture 9 Cognitive Processes Part I. Kashif Sajjad Bhatti Assistant Professor IIU, Islamabad
Lecture 9 Cognitive Processes Part I Kashif Sajjad Bhatti Assistant Professor IIU, Islamabad In the Last Lecture Vision Color Theory 3D Vision Reading Hearing Human Ear Processing Sound Touch (Haptic Perception)
More informationPicking Co*on Ac,vity. Picking Cotton on 60 Minutes (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/60minutes/main shtml)
Picking Co*on Ac,vity Picking Cotton on 60 Minutes (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/60minutes/main4848039.shtml) Forgetting Forgetting is a result of either: 1. Encoding Failure 2. Storage Decay
More information3/31/2017. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory
Seven Sins of Memory Memory Retrieval 2 Seven Sins of Memory Dan Schacter (Harvard) Compared seven common memory errors to deadly sins If you avoid these, you are rewarded with good memory! But, sinning
More informationProf. Greg Francis 1/4/19
PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 15 Modal Model of Memory Atkinson & Shiffrin (196) Today we focus on the Short-term store (Short term memory) Why there is a gate at the first floor stairway in the Psych building.
More informationVISUAL MEMORY. Visual Perception
VISUAL MEMORY Visual Perception Memory is unqiue Other aspects of visual perception Bombard us with stimuli at every instance Memory Helps us to make sense from chain of such instances Slide 2 Two Theories
More informationCognitive Psychology. Mark Rafter Multiple Intelligences
Cognitive Psychology Mark Rafter http://www.canyons.edu/faculty/rafterm Roster: Please put a checkmark next to your name or add your name. Multiple Intelligences Handouts: Please pick up a copy of today
More informationChapter. Memory Structures and Processes
Chapter 5 Memory Structures and Processes Questions to Consider Is memory a process, a structure, or a system? How many types of memories are there? Are there differences in the ways we store and retrieve
More informationProf. Greg Francis 1/4/19
Memory discrimination PSY 2 Greg Francis Lecture 18 Many cognitive tasks require you to discriminate between events/stimuli w Is this a real smile? w Is this fruit ripe? w Is there a stapler on the desk?
More informationYear 12 Psychology (Paper 1)
Half Term 1 4 th September 11 th September 18 th September 25 th September 2 rd October 9 th October 16 th October Introduction to concept of conformity Types of conformity Psychological research into
More informationVerbal Working Memory. The left temporoparietal junction in verbal working memory: Storage or attention. Baddelely s Multiple-Component Model
Verbal Working Memory The left temporoparietal junction in verbal working memory: Storage or attention Susan Ravizza LTM vs WM Focusing on the storage component of WM Maintenance of words, pictures, goals
More informationExam #4 Study Guide. Chapter 7 Memory
Exam #4 Study Guide Chapter 7 Memory I. Memory Structural categorizations A. By length of time i. Sensory Store ii. Short Term Memory (working memory) iii. Long Term Memory B. By type of information i.
More informationCh 8. Learning and Memory
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence
More informationCOURSE COMPANION MEMORY
COURSE COMPANION MEMORY J The multi-store model of memory: sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration. J Types of long-term memory:
More informationCh 8. Learning and Memory
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence
More informationPsych 136S Review Questions, Summer 2015
Psych 136S Review Questions, Summer 2015 For each paper you should be able to briefly summarize the methods and results and explain why the results are important. The guided summary for the Roediger et
More informationMEMORY STORAGE. There are three major kinds of storage:
MEMORY Jill Price was capable of remembering everything that happened last year and several years ago. Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information over time. Memories are the residue of those
More informationProf. Greg Francis 8/17/16
Memory discrimination PSY 2 Greg Francis Lecture 18 Many cognitive tasks require you to discriminate between events/stimuli w Is this a real smile? w Is this fruit ripe? w Is there a stapler on the desk?
More informationMODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
MODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL ARE OUR LONG TERM MEMORIES PROCESSED AND STORED IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS? Our memories are flexible and superimposable, a panoramic blackboard with an endless supply
More informationTheories of memory. Memory & brain Cellular bases of learning & memory. Epileptic patient Temporal lobectomy Amnesia
Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Theories of Sensory, short-term & long-term memories Memory & brain Cellular bases
More informationRunning Head: MODALITY EFFECTS IN FALSE RECALL 1. Modality Effects in False Recall: Dissociations Between Short- and Long-Term Memory
Running Head: MODALITY EFFECTS IN FALSE RECALL 1 Modality Effects in False Recall: Dissociations Between Short- and Long-Term Memory Grace M. Glowniak University of Michigan 2 Abstract In recent research,
More informationPsycholinguistics Psychological Mechanisms
Psycholinguistics Psychological Mechanisms Psychological Mechanisms Information processing system Processing Serial and parallel processing Top-down and bottom-up processing Automatic and controlled processes
More informationWorking Memory and Mental Health: A Primer for the Mental Health Professional
Abstract Working Memory and Mental Health: A Primer for the Mental Health Professional By Stephen Morgan, Ph.D. & Jerrod Brown, Ph.D. Working memory is an active and integrative stage in the human memory
More information2 Physiological and Psychological Foundations
2 Physiological and Psychological Foundations 2.1 Human Nervous System 2.2 Human Brain 2.3 Human Memory 2.4 Remembering and Forgetting 1 About This Class: Flipped Classroom Source: washington.edu Four
More informationASHI 712. The Neuroscience of Human Memory. Dr. Olave E. Krigolson LECTURE 4: Problems with Memory and Eidetic Memory
ASHI 712 The Neuroscience of Human Memory Dr. Olave E. Krigolson krigolson@uvic.ca LECTURE 4: Problems with Memory and Eidetic Memory Attention as a resource amount of attention supply required for
More informationCHAPTER 6: Memory model Practice questions at - text book pages 112 to 113
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CHAPTER 6: Memory model Practice questions at - text book pages 112 to 113 1) Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which the human brain processes
More informationSensory Memory Systems. Visual Store. PDF created with pdffactory trial version
Sensory Memory Systems Visual Store Jevons (1871) estimate the number of beans. Accurate estimations up to 9 beans (span of apprehension). Averbach(1963) Tachistoscopic display Estimate how many dots are
More informationIntroduction. Chapter 5: Working Memory Forming and Using New Memory Traces. Serial Position Effect 1/20/2015
Chapter 5: Working Forming and Using New Traces 1 Introduction Episodic Semantic Sensory Iconic Echoic Issues Format STM LTM Storage Capacity STM Retention Working Retrieval Sternberg Task Working Executive
More informationConsolidating working memory: Enhancing cognitive performance through effective encoding
Consolidating working memory: Enhancing cognitive performance through effective encoding Donna Bayliss Neurocognitive Development Unit School of Psychology University of Western Australia 1 Consolidation
More informationPsych 120. General Psychology 7/12/2010. In the last lecture we learned about
Psych 120 General Psychology Christopher Gade Office: 1030A Office hours: MW 4:30-5:30 Email: gadecj@gmail.com Class MW 1:30-4:30 Room 2240 In the last lecture we learned about How memory was first studied.
More informationImportance of Deficits
Importance of Deficits In complex systems the parts are often so integrated that they cannot be detected in normal operation Need to break the system to discover the components not just physical components
More informationSperling conducted experiments on An experiment was conducted by Sperling in the field of visual sensory memory.
Levels of category Basic Level Category: Subordinate Category: Superordinate Category: Stages of development of Piaget 1. Sensorimotor stage 0-2 2. Preoperational stage 2-7 3. Concrete operational stage
More informationTHE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Tajuk Bab/Chapter title 1 THE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT Teo Sieak Ling and Yeo Kee Jiar shireleneteoh@hotmail.my kjyeo_utm@yahoo.com Abstract Extensive scientific studies in human
More informationDevelopmental Evidence for Working Memory as Activated Long-Term Memory
Commentary on: Ruchkin D.S., Grafman J., Cameron K., Berndt R.S. (2003). Working Memory Retention Systems: A State of Activated Long-Term Memory. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 26, p. 250. Developmental
More informationChapter 1. What is Memory?
+ Chapter 1 What is Memory? Reductionism m + Psychological Theories Theories are comparable to maps, helping to: Summarize knowledge in a simple and structured manner Pose new, testable questions that
More informationMemory and the Law: Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is Ebbinghaus concept of association? A: The concept of association, which Ebbinghaus used to explain memory, is pure mechanism. An association link is a link between things. If one member of the
More informationIntroduction to Long-Term Memory
Introduction to Long-Term Memory Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 04/26/2018: Lecture 05-4 Note: This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that I wrote to help me create
More informationSummarized by. Biointelligence Laboratory, Seoul National University
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 3 rd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2008. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and db.-t. TZhang Biointelligence
More informationHuman Information Processing. CS160: User Interfaces John Canny
Human Information Processing CS160: User Interfaces John Canny Review Paper prototyping Key part of early design cycle Fast and cheap, allows more improvements early Formative user study Experimenters
More informationDo all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why
Do all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why do we forget things? Learning Causes Forgetting: Interference
More informationRunning Head: MEMORY AND EMOTIONAL SUBSYSTEMS 1
Running Head: MEMORY AND EMOTIONAL SUBSYSTEMS 1 HF700 MEMORY AND EMOTIONAL SUBSYSTEMS Vignesh Krubai Bentley University HF700 MEMORY AND EMOTIONAL SUBSYSTEMS 2 Introduction Memory is defined as the store
More informationTwo ways of assessing recall*
Recall* Recall or retrieval of memory refers to the subsequent re-accessing of events or information from the past, which have been previously encoded and stored in the brain. In common parlance, it is
More informationHuman Abilities: Vision, Memory and Cognition. Oct 14, 2016
Human Abilities: Vision, Memory and Cognition Oct 14, 2016 Milestone I How many users? Depends Fall 2016 COMP 3020 2 Midterm True or false Multiple choice Short answer Fall 2016 COMP 3020 3 Midterm sample
More informationAS PSYCHOLOGY REVISION MEMORY
AS PSYCHOLOGY REVISION MEMORY 3.1.2 Memory Specification The multi-store model of memory: sensory register, shortterm memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration.
More informationElizabeth Loftus. Lost in the mall study 1992
Lost in the mall study 1992 -Subject was told 4 stories from his past, including one that was made up about him being lost in the mall at age 5. -Over the next two weeks, he jotted down whatever memories
More informationMidterm Exam 2 ** Form C **
File = D:\p355\mid2c.a-key.p355.spr18.docm 1 John Miyamoto (email: jmiyamot@uw.edu) Psych 355: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Spring 2018 Course website: https://faculty.washington.edu/jmiyamot/p355/p355-set.htm
More informationHuman Information Processing
Human Information Processing CS160: User Interfaces John Canny. Topics The Model Human Processor Memory Fitt s law and Power Law of Practice Why Model Human Performance? Why Model Human Performance? To
More informationOptical Illusions 4/5. Optical Illusions 2/5. Optical Illusions 5/5 Optical Illusions 1/5. Reading. Reading. Fang Chen Spring 2004
Optical Illusions 2/5 Optical Illusions 4/5 the Ponzo illusion the Muller Lyer illusion Optical Illusions 5/5 Optical Illusions 1/5 Mauritz Cornelis Escher Dutch 1898 1972 Graphical designer World s first
More informationMEMORY AND INTELLIGENCE IN ALGERIAN SCHOOLED CHILDREN
PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTERY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF CONSTANTINE FACULTY OF LETTERS & FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MEMORY AND INTELLIGENCE
More information