MR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Psychomotor Delay of Unknown Cause in Children

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "MR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Psychomotor Delay of Unknown Cause in Children"

Transcription

1 Pediatric Imaging Original Research Koşucu et al. MR Spectroscopy of Psychomotor Delay Pediatric Imaging Original Research Polat Koşucu 1 Sema Erdemli 2 Müjgan Sönmez 3 Sibel Kul 1 Ayşe Aksoy 3 Koşucu P, Erdemli S, Sönmez M, Kul S, Aksoy A Keywords: MR spectroscopy, psychomotor delay DOI: /AJR Received June 18, 2009; accepted after revision September 18, Department of Radiology, Medical School of Karadeniz Technical University, Farabi Hospital, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey. Address correspondence to P. Koşucu. 2 Department of Radiology, Numune Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey. 3 Department of Pediatry, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Medical School of Karadeniz Technical University, Farabi Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey. AJR 2010; 194: X/10/ American Roentgen Ray Society MR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Psychomotor Delay of Unknown Cause in Children OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to use MR spectroscopy to determine whether the brain metabolism of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause differs from that of children without psychomotor delay. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty children (10 girls, 10 boys; mean age, 8.65 years; range, 4 15 years) with psychomotor delay and 19 children without psychomotor delay who served as controls (nine girls, 10 boys; mean age, 8.79 years; range, 6 13 years) were evaluated with multivoxel MR spectroscopy of the brain. The Stanford-Binet test and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised were used to evaluate developmental quotient. Psychomotor delay was assessed as severe (developmental quotient, < 50), moderate (developmental quotient, 50 75) and mild (developmental quotient, > 75). The controls had a developmental quotient greater than 95. Spectra were acquired from eight specific voxels at the bilateral parasagittal frontal and parietal gray matter and the bilateral frontal and parietal white matter at the level of the centrum semiovale. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to choline (Cho), NAA to creatine (Cr), and choline to creatine were determined. RESULTS. Thirteen children had minor and seven children had moderate psychomotor delay. In the psychomotor delay group, the right frontal white matter NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were 1.45 ± 0.18, 1.95 ± 0.33, and 1.36 ± 0.27; in the control group the ratios were 1.46 ± 0.23, 2.04 ± 0.33, and 1.41 ± The ratios for the left frontal lobe white matter were 1.34 ± 0.21, 2.01 ± 0.33, and 1.55 ± 0.26 in the psychomotor delay group and 1.42 ± 0.15, 2.17 ± 0.34, and 1.53 ± 0.25 in the control group. The ratios for the right parietal lobe white matter were 1.80 ± 0.38, 2.04 ± 0.43, and 1.18 ± 0.35 in the psychomotor delay group and 1.89 ± 0.31, 2.16 ± 0.30, and 1.17 ± 0.23 in the control group. The left parietal lobe white matter ratios were 1.66 ± 0.36, 2.08 ± 0.35, and 1.35 ± 0.29 in the psychomotor delay group and 1.81 ± 0.29, 2.17 ± 0.35, and 1.22 ± 0.26 in the control group. CONCLUSION. Metabolite distribution varied with brain region in children with and those without psychomotor delay. No significant difference was found between the brain metabolite ratios of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause and those of agematched children without psychomotor delay. P sychomotor delay is a common socioeconomic problem among children, having a prevalence of 1 2%. A small percentage of these children have severe psychomotor delay, but most have mild delay [1]. With current diagnostic methods, the definitive cause of psychomotor delay cannot be discerned in 58 78% of children with mild and 23 43% of children with severe delay [1]. Clinicians and the families of children with psychomotor delay are frequently disappointed by the lack of neuroradiologic correlation, especially when the treatment alternatives and the long-term prognosis are considered [1]. MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique by which metabolites in the brain are measured and information about structure, maturation, and disorders is obtained. Changes in levels of metabolites, such as N- acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and lactate can be determined spectrally in a brain volume. Several investigators [2 6] have used MRS to evaluate changes in cerebral metabolism during normal brain maturation and white matter myelination. MRS also has proved useful for assessment of developmental delay; neurodegenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders; phakomatosis; 1110 AJR:194, April 2010

2 MR Spectroscopy of Psychomotor Delay hypoxic ischemic brain injury; and epilepsy [7 12]. For detecting a difference in the brain metabolism of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause when no MRI abnormalities have been found, MRS can be used to elucidate the cause of the delay, contribute to determination of the long-term functional outcome for these children, and be included in the diagnostic algorithm as part of the neuroradiologic assessment. The aim of this study was to use MRS to determine whether the brain metabolism of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause differs from that of children without delay. Subjects and Methods Case Selection Children evaluated for learning difficulties, failure to speak, failure in school, and amnesia in the pediatric neurology section of our hospital from February through December 2007 underwent the Stanford-Binet test if they were 3 6 years old and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised test if they were 6 15 years old. The results were used to determine developmental quotient (DQ). Psychomotor delay was assessed as severe (DQ, < 50), moderate (DQ, 50 75), or mild (DQ, > 75). Children with a DQ greater than 95 composed the control group [1]. The study was approved by the ethical committee. Informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of all patients. A total of 20 children (10 girls, 10 boys; mean age, 8.65 years; range, 4 15 years) without neuroradiologic abnormalities, cerebral palsy, chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disease, epilepsy, autism, or other neurologic and degenerative disorders but who had mild or moderate psychomotor delay of unknown cause were included in the study. The control group consisted of 19 children without psychomotor delay (nine girls, 10 boys; mean age, 8.79 years; range, 6 13 years) who were evaluated by physical examination, psychomotor tests, and MRI. None of the children had evidence of disruptive behavior disorder not otherwise specified or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria or any signs of intracranial pathologic changes detected with MRI. Children with epilepsy or EEG abnormalities were excluded from the study. None of the patients received sedation during the MRS evaluation. Proton MRS Multivoxel MRS (TR/TE, 1,500/135) was performed on all patients with a standard head coil and 1.5-T MRI system (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens Healthcare). Three orthogonal baseline images were obtained with automated magnetic field shimming. A volume of interest with a thickness of 15 mm was placed on the centrum semiovale directly over the corpus callosum and parallel to the sphenoidal plane. After optimal water signal suppression with chemical shift selective techniques, MRS data were collected. The entire evaluation was completed within 7 minutes. Four specific voxels were selected from the bilateral parasagittal frontal and parietal gray matter and from the bilateral frontal and parietal white matter within the volume of interest. Spectra were generated by Fourier transformation from the data collected from these eight specific voxels within the volume of interest. After manual baseline correction (near zero) procedures, metabolite peaks were determined. Three dominant spectra (Cho at 3.21 ppm, Cr at 3.04 ppm, and NAA at 2.02 parts per million [ppm]) were analyzed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the compatibility of the metabolite ratios obtained from the eight specific voxels (bilateral frontal and parietal white matter and bilateral frontal and parietal parasagittal gray matter) with normal distribution. After it was confirmed that all metabolite ratios were normally distributed, the metabolic ratios (NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr) of the children with psychomotor delay and of the controls were compared by use of Student s t-test. TABLE 1: Frontal Lobe Metabolite Ratios (Mean ± SD) Ratio Results Thirteen children had minor psychomotor delay, and seven children had moderate psychomotor delay. The NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios of the two groups of children for the frontal lobe voxels are shown in Table 1 and for the parietal lobe voxels in Table 2. No statistically significant differences between the psychomotor delay group and the control were found for any of the comparisons (Figs. 1 3). Discussion MRS, a noninvasive method that has gained wide clinical use and has been found beneficial in the assessment of neuronal function and metabolite discrepancies in the brain, was performed on children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause and who did not have abnormal MRI findings. To determine the changes in the brain metabolism of children with psychomotor delay, we compared the metabolite ratios obtained from to 15-year-old children with psychomotor delay and to 13-year-old children without psychomotor delay. When we compared the metabolite rates obtained from eight specific voxels, including the bilateral frontal lobe white matter and parasagittal gray matter and the bilateral parietal lobe white No. of Patients Voxel p NAA/Cho Right frontal white matter Right frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.23 Control ± ± 0.19 NAA/Cr Right frontal white matter Right frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.40 Control ± ± 0.20 Cho/Cr Right frontal white matter Right frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.26 Control ± ± 0.11 NAA/Cho Left frontal white matter Left frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.21 Control ± ± 0.15 NAA/Cr Left frontal white matter Left frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.33 Control ± ± 0.34 Cho/Cr Left frontal white matter Left frontal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.30 Control ± ± 0.22 Note NAA = N-acetylaspartate, Cho = choline, Cr = creatine. AJR:194, April

3 Koşucu et al. matter and parasagittal gray matter, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Few studies reported in the literature have been conducted with children with psychomotor delay who underwent MRS. In a study by Filippi et al. [2], metabolite ratios obtained from the bilateral frontal and parietooccipital subcortical white matter of children younger than 2 years and older than 2 years with growth retardation and groups of age-matched healthy children were compared. Among the children younger than 2 years, there was no significant difference between the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios of children with growth retardation and those A of controls. Among the children older than 2 years, however, the NAA/Cr ratios were lower and the Cho/Cr ratios higher in children with growth retardation compared with the controls [2]. The investigators speculated that among the older children, the lower NAA/Cr ratios of children with psychomotor delay might have been associated with my- Fig. 1 Comparison of spectra obtained from right frontal lobe white matter. Insets show volume of interest in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. ppm = parts per million. A, 6-year-old girl without psychomotor delay. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to choline (Cho), 1.43; NAA to creatine (Cr), 1.88; and Cho/Cr, B, 6-year-old girl with mild psychomotor delay of unknown cause. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are NAA/Cho, 1.31; NAA/Cr, 1.95; and Cho/Cr, B A Fig. 2 Comparison of spectra obtained from left parietal lobe white matter. Insets show volume of interest in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. ppm = parts per million. A, 6-year-old boy without psychomotor delay. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to choline (Cho), 1.82; NAA to creatine (Cr), 2.00; and Cho/Cr, B, 6-year-old boy with psychomotor delay. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are NAA/Cho, 1.62; NAA/Cr, 2.11; and Cho/Cr, B 1112 AJR:194, April 2010

4 MR Spectroscopy of Psychomotor Delay elin damage, loss of normal myelin, synaptic intensity, or a reduction in the number of neurons. In the same report, the authors suggested that the increased Cho/Cr ratios in the group with growth retardation might have been associated with destruction of mature myelin or the inability of choline to enter into the macromolecules involved in myelin formation. Although Filippi et al. found no regional variations between the right and left hemispheres or the frontal and parietooccipital lobes, we, in agreement with other investigators [4, 13], did find regional variations in metabolite ratios. Specifically, the NAA/ Cho ratios in the right hemisphere were higher than the ratios in the left hemisphere, and the NAA/Cho ratios in the parietal lobe were higher than in the frontal lobe. Hashimoto et al. [4] used MRS to evaluate to 13-year-old children with psychomotor delay and age-matched healthy children, comparing the metabolite ratios obtained from the right frontoparietal lobe white matter. Those investigators found lower NAA/ Cr ratios in the psychomotor delay group but no significant difference in the Cho/Cr ratios of the two groups. In the same study, the NAA/Cho ratios of both groups were found to increase with age. This increase, however, was slower in the psychomotor delay group. The interpretation of these results was that brain development was delayed in patients with psychomotor delay; therefore, the NAA A Fig. 3 Comparison of spectra obtained from left frontal parasagittal gray matter. Insets show volume of interest in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. ppm = parts per million. A, 6-year-old girl without psychomotor delay. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to choline (Cho), 1.54; NAA to creatine, 1.73; and Cho/Cr, B, 6-year-old girl with psychomotor delay. MR spectroscopic readout shows metabolite ratios are NAA/Cho, 1.58; NAA/Cr, 1.25; and Cho/Cr, concentration was low compared with that of age-matched healthy children. Hashimoto et al. concluded that neuronal activity did not deteriorate but progressed slowly in children with psychomotor delay. Martin et al. [1] compared the NAA, myoinositol, Cr, and Cho peaks and NAA/Cr, myoinositol/cr, and Cho/Cr ratios in the frontoparietal white matter and deep gray matter of 48 children with psychomotor delay with the values in 23 healthy children and found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of metabolite levels and ratios. In agreement with the findings reported by Martin et al. [1], our findings show that the brain metabolite ratios of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause were similar to the brain metabolite ratios of children without psychomotor delay. NAA is found mainly in the CNS, especially in the pyramidal neurons, dendrites, and axons, and is the most sensitive metabolite in the CNS. Therefore, it was identified as a neuronal determinant [2, 11, 14, 15]. The level of NAA decreases as the result of neuronal damage and loss or of demyelinization in clinical conditions, such as malignant tumors of the CNS, multiple sclerosis, mitochondrial disorders, AIDS, temporal lobe epilepsy, hypoxic injury, aging, Alzheimer s disease, and multiinfarct dementia [3, 9, 13, 16, 17]. Although NAA is present extensively in brain tissue, the functions of NAA in nerve tissue are not clearly understood. The NAA concentration in cerebral white and gray matter increases with age. It is impossible to explain the increase in NAA concentration with age by the number of neurons and neuronal proliferation because neuronal proliferation ends at birth. Martin et al. [1] suggested that the increase in NAA concentration with age may be associated with the development of synaptic terminals, dendritic arborization, and an increase in axonal diameter or myelination. However, when the theory that psychomotor delay is caused by a defect in the structure and function of dendritic spina [18, 19] is taken into account, NAA concentration in children with psychomotor delay is expected to be low. In contrast, NAA concentrations in children with psychomotor delay were not low in our study or the study by Martin et al. Choline is a structural component of all cell membranes and reflects cell turnover. Choline level increases during formation and resorption. Cho/Cr ratios are higher in infants than in adults. Because choline is present in the structure of myelin-associated macromolecules, increased myelination, which is a normal finding in the first months of life, leads to a decrease in Cho/Cr ratio. Therefore, although NAA/Cr ratio increases rapidly during the first postnatal month and through the first and second years, Cho/Cr ratio rapidly decreases through the first year and decreases slowly through the second year [2]. B AJR:194, April

5 Koşucu et al. TABLE 2: Parietal Lobe Metabolite Ratios (Mean ± SD) Ratio No. of Patients Voxel p NAA/Cho Right parietal white matter Right parietal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.44 Control ± ± 0.29 NAA/Cr Right parietal white matter Right parietal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.28 Control ± ± 0.24 Cho/Cr Despite the critical importance of the first year of life in the development of the nervous system, we did not include children with psychomotor delay who were younger than 3 years in our study because of difficulties in performing intelligence tests, the poor reliability of the results of these tests, and the need for sedation to perform reliable spectral analysis on children in this age group. Because the effects of medication on spectra are not known, sedatives were not administered to the children with psychomotor delay or to the controls in our study. There were limitations to our study. One of the limitations of MRS is that in the presence of tissues that cause great variation in magnetic sensitivity compared with brain tissue, such as bone, air, fat, and hemorrhage within or adjacent to the investigated tissue, artifacts caused by these structures cause difficulty in the acquisition of a homogeneous magnetic field. To obtain a homogeneous magnetic field in our study, we placed a volume of interest inside the centrum semiovale and left the bony structures, subarachnoid space, and ventricles out. Another limitation was that the signals produced in each voxel were not exclusively from the gray or white matter. Therefore, extreme Right parietal white matter Right parietal parasagittal gray matter Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.24 Control ± ± 0.15 > 0.05 NAA/Cho Left parietal white matter Left parietal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.38 Control ± ± 0.30 NAA/Cr Left parietal white matter Left parietal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.22 Control ± ± 0.23 Cho/Cr Left parietal white matter Left parietal parasagittal gray matter > 0.05 Psychomotor delay ± ± 0.20 Control ± ± 0.15 Note NAA = N-acetylaspartate, Cho = choline, Cr = creatine. caution was exercised in selection of specific voxels to include exclusively gray or white matter in an attempt to reduce the partial volume effect. Although there was no gray matter or CSF contamination in the specific voxels selected from the bilateral frontal and parietal lobe white matter, contamination caused by subcortical white matter and CSF from the subarachnoid space was evident in voxels selected from the bilateral frontal and parietal lobe parasagittal gray matter. As in previous studies, in our study a long TE (135 milliseconds) was used to assess NAA, Cho, and Cr metabolites. Spectral Cho, NAA, Cr, and lactate peaks usually form when a long TE is used. Fat tissue and macromolecules detected in a short TE are usually not observed in a long TE. Another limitation of MRS is the lack of precise measurement of the metabolite peak areas within the selected specific voxel due to the influences of magnetic field inhomogeneity. In addition, the peak areas of the metabolites can be influenced by the partial volume effect of various tissues within the volume of interest. Therefore, not the peak areas of the metabolites but the ratios of one peak area to another are more accurate determinants for verifying metabolite irregularities within tissues [13]. Therefore, in this study, rather than the metabolite amounts inside the voxel, metabolite ratios were compared with one another. Studies have been performed with singlevoxel technique, and limited brain volumes have been evaluated. Multivoxel MRS has a better signal-to-noise ratio. Use of MRS also makes it possible to obtain measurements from an extended region of the brain and from multiple voxels simultaneously. Among several studies in which children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause have been evaluated with MRS, the current study is the only one, to our knowledge, performed with multivoxel technique. We acquired metabolite ratio data from eight specific voxels simultaneously. Nevertheless, our metabolite ratio results did not exclude the possibility of differences in brain metabolite ratios in regions other than the brain volumes studied. We conclude that the brain metabolite ratios of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause are similar to the metabolite ratios of age-matched children without psychomotor delay. Regional variations exist in the brain metabolite ratios of children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause, as they do in children without psychomotor delay. Further MRS studies with large numbers of subjects and of different brain regions consisting of deep gray matter nuclei are needed to determine the brain metabolite ratios and to detect whether metabolite differences are present in children with psychomotor delay of unknown cause. Other metabolites also should be measured in future MRS studies of these children. References 1. Martin E, Keller M, Ritter S, Largo RH, Thiel T, Loenneker T. Contribution of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the evaluation of children with unexplained developmental delay. Pediatr Res 2005; 58: Filippi CG, Ulug AM, Deck MD, Zimmerman RD, Heier LA. Developmental delay in children: assessment with proton MR spectroscopy. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: Angelie E, Bonmartin A, Boudraa A, Gonnaud PM, Mallet JJ, Sappey-Marinier D. Regional differences and metabolic changes in normal aging of human brain: proton MR spectroscopic imaging study. Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22: Hashimoto T, Tayama M, Miyazaki M, et al. Developmental brain changes investigated with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995; 37: Pouwels PJ, Brockmann K, Kruse B, et al. Re AJR:194, April 2010

6 MR Spectroscopy of Psychomotor Delay gional age dependence of human brain metabo- ment with brain magnetic resonance imaging and ton MR spectroscopy. Am J Neuroradiol 2001; lites from infancy to adulthood as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin 22: quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr Res Psychiatry 2003; 64: Vasconcelos MM. Mental retardation [in Portu- 1999; 46: Vythilingam M, Charles HC, Tupler LA, Blitch- guese]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2004[2 suppl]; 80:S71 S82 6. Charles HC, Lazeyras F, Krishnan KR, et al. Pro- ington T, Kelly L, Krishnan KR. Focal and later- 15. Zimmerman RA, Wang ZJ. The value of proton ton spectroscopy of human brain: effects of age alized subcortical abnormalities in unipolar major MR spectroscopy in pediatric metabolic brain and sex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1994; 18: van der Voorn JP, Pouwels PJ, Hart AA, et al. Childhood white matter disorders: quantitative MR imaging and spectroscopy. Radiology 2006; 241: Verbruggen KT, Meiners LC, Sijens PE, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in the diagnostic evaluation of developmental delay. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009; 13: Weiss U, Bacher R, Vonbank H, Kemler G, Ling A, Marksteiner J. Cognitive impairment: assess- depressive disorder: an automated multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: Levitt JG, O Neill J, Blanton RE, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the brain in childhood autism. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: Alkan A, Sarac K, Kutlu R, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy features of normal appearing white matter in neurofibromatosis type 1. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21: Kadota T, Horinouchi T, Kuroda C. Development and aging of the cerebrum: assessment with pro- disease. Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18: Scarabino T, Popolizo T, Bertolino A, Salvolini U. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in pediatric patients. Eur J Radiol 1999; 30: Barkovich AJ, Baranski K, Vigneron D, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of brain injury in asphyxiated, term neonates. Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20: Carlisle HJ, Kennedy MB. Spine architecture and synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2005; 28: Purpura DP. Dendritic spine dysgenesis and mental retardation. Science 1974; 186: AJR:194, April

controls. <Conclusions> These data support the hypothesis that JME and FLE involve neuronal dysfunction within the temporal lobe as well as the

controls. <Conclusions> These data support the hypothesis that JME and FLE involve neuronal dysfunction within the temporal lobe as well as the A single-voxel spectroscopy study of hippocampal metabolic dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures Epilepsy Center, National

More information

Fig. 1. Localized single voxel proton MR spectroscopy was performed along the long axis of right hippocampus after extension of patient s head to

Fig. 1. Localized single voxel proton MR spectroscopy was performed along the long axis of right hippocampus after extension of patient s head to 125 A B C Fig. 1. Localized single voxel proton MR spectroscopy was performed along the long axis of right hippocampus after extension of patient s head to obtain entire dimension of the hippocampal body.

More information

Reference Values for Long Echo Time MR Spectroscopy in Healthy Adults

Reference Values for Long Echo Time MR Spectroscopy in Healthy Adults AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:1439 1445, June/July 2005 Reference Values for Long Echo Time MR Spectroscopy in Healthy Adults Yair Safriel, MarlyAnne Pol-Rodriguez, Edward J. Novotny, Douglas L. Rothman, and

More information

Comparison of 1.5T and 3T 1 H MR Spectroscopy for Human Brain Tumors

Comparison of 1.5T and 3T 1 H MR Spectroscopy for Human Brain Tumors Comparison of 1.5T and 3T 1 H MR Spectroscopy for Human Brain Tumors Ji-hoon Kim, MD 1 Kee-Hyun Chang, MD 2-4 Dong Gyu Na, MD 2 In Chan Song, PhD 2,3 Seung Ja Kim, MD 2 Bae Ju Kwon, MD 2 Moon Hee Han,

More information

Laura Tormoehlen, M.D. Neurology and EM-Toxicology Indiana University

Laura Tormoehlen, M.D. Neurology and EM-Toxicology Indiana University Laura Tormoehlen, M.D. Neurology and EM-Toxicology Indiana University Disclosures! No conflicts of interest to disclose Neuroimaging 101! Plain films! Computed tomography " Angiography " Perfusion! Magnetic

More information

Diffusion-Weighted and Conventional MR Imaging Findings of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

Diffusion-Weighted and Conventional MR Imaging Findings of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1269 1273, August 2004 Diffusion-Weighted and Conventional MR Imaging Findings of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy R. Nuri Sener BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare progressive

More information

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1432/Cap.10/2b 12-11-2001 16:55 Pagina 3 Chapter 10 Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Z. CARAMANOS, A.C. SANTOS, S.J. FRANCIS, S. NARAYANAN, D. PELLETIER, D.L. ARNOLD Introduction Primary Progressive

More information

1) Diffusion weighted imaging DWI is a term used to describe moving molecules due to random thermal motion. This motion is restricted by boundaries

1) Diffusion weighted imaging DWI is a term used to describe moving molecules due to random thermal motion. This motion is restricted by boundaries 1) Diffusion weighted imaging DWI is a term used to describe moving molecules due to random thermal motion. This motion is restricted by boundaries such as ligaments, membranes and macro molecules. Diffusion

More information

In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of Untreated and Treated Brain Abscesses

In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of Untreated and Treated Brain Abscesses AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:1049 1053, June/July 1999 Case Report In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of Untreated and Treated Brain Abscesses Isabella M. Burtscher and Stig Holtås Summary: MR spectroscopy was

More information

Usefulness of Single Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Hippocampal Sclerosis

Usefulness of Single Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Hippocampal Sclerosis Usefulness of Single Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Hippocampal Sclerosis 1, 2, 3 Kee-Hyun Chang, MD Hong Dae Kim, MD 1 Sun-Won Park, MD 1 In Chan Song, PhD 2 In Kyu Yu, MD 1 1, 2, 3

More information

José A Mendes-Ribeiro, Raquel Soares, Fernanda Simões-Ribeiro, M Luiza Guimarães

José A Mendes-Ribeiro, Raquel Soares, Fernanda Simões-Ribeiro, M Luiza Guimarães 58 Neurophysiology Unit J A Mendes-Ribeiro M L Guimarães Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital S João, Porto, Portugal F Simões-Ribeiro Magnetic Resonance Unit, IPO, Porto, Portugal R Soares

More information

Proton MR Spectroscopy for the Evaluation of Brain Injury in Asphyxiated, Term Neonates

Proton MR Spectroscopy for the Evaluation of Brain Injury in Asphyxiated, Term Neonates AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:1399 1405, September 1999 Proton MR Spectroscopy for the Evaluation of Brain Injury in Asphyxiated, Term Neonates A. James Barkovich, Karen Baranski, Daniel Vigneron, J. Colin

More information

University of Groningen. Fluoxetine as disease modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis Mostert, Jop Pieter

University of Groningen. Fluoxetine as disease modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis Mostert, Jop Pieter University of Groningen Fluoxetine as disease modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis Mostert, Jop Pieter IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish

More information

Proton MR Spectroscopy of Polymicrogyria and Heterotopia

Proton MR Spectroscopy of Polymicrogyria and Heterotopia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:2077 2081, November/December 2003 Proton MR Spectroscopy of Polymicrogyria and Heterotopia Elysa Widjaja, Paul D. Griffiths, and Iain D. Wilkinson BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Proton

More information

Proton MR Spectroscopy in Patients with Acute Temporal Lobe Seizures

Proton MR Spectroscopy in Patients with Acute Temporal Lobe Seizures AJN Am J Neuroradiol 22:152 157, January 2001 Proton M Spectroscopy in Patients with Acute Temporal obe Seizures Mauricio Castillo, J. Keith Smith, and ester Kwock BACKGOUND AND PUPOSE: Decreases in N-acetyl

More information

Cerebral metabolite differences in adolescents with low birth weight: assessment with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy

Cerebral metabolite differences in adolescents with low birth weight: assessment with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy Pediatr Radiol (2006) 36: 802 809 DOI 10.1007/s00247-006-0159-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tone F. Bathen. Torill E. Sjöbakk. Jon Skranes. Ann-Mari Brubakk. Torstein Vik. Marit Martinussen. Gunnar E. Myhr. Ingrid

More information

1 MS Lesions in T2-Weighted Images

1 MS Lesions in T2-Weighted Images 1 MS Lesions in T2-Weighted Images M.A. Sahraian, E.-W. Radue 1.1 Introduction Multiple hyperintense lesions on T2- and PDweighted sequences are the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance

More information

Correlation of Neurodevelopmental Outcome and brain MRI/EEG findings in term HIE infants

Correlation of Neurodevelopmental Outcome and brain MRI/EEG findings in term HIE infants Correlation of Neurodevelopmental Outcome and brain MRI/EEG findings in term HIE infants Ajou University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Moon Sung Park M.D. Hee Cheol Jo, M.D., Jang Hoon Lee,

More information

Lecture #16 Clinical 1 H Spectroscopy

Lecture #16 Clinical 1 H Spectroscopy Lecture #16 Clinical 1 H Spectroscopy Neurospectroscopy in clinical practice and research Body applications References P., Clinical MR Spectroscopy Techniques and Applications, Cambridge University Press,

More information

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: Longitudinal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Study

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: Longitudinal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Study AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:249 253, February 2003 Case Report Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: Longitudinal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Study Anna Gambini, Andrea Falini, Lucia Moiola, Giancarlo Comi, and

More information

Structural and functional imaging for the characterization of CNS lymphomas

Structural and functional imaging for the characterization of CNS lymphomas Structural and functional imaging for the characterization of CNS lymphomas Cristina Besada Introduction A few decades ago, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) was considered as an extremely

More information

Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children

Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children Alexandria Journal of Medicine (2012) 48, 131 137 Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine Alexandria Journal of Medicine www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

More information

Assessing Temporal Brain Metabolite Changes in Preterm Infants Using Multivoxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Assessing Temporal Brain Metabolite Changes in Preterm Infants Using Multivoxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Magn Reson Med Sci, Vol. XX, No. X, pp. XXX XXX, 205 205 Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine MAJOR PAPER by J-STAGE doi:0.2463/mrms.mp.205-004 Assessing Temporal Brain Metabolite Changes

More information

CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD AD Award Number: DAMD17-01-1-0713 TITLE: Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging in NF1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Peter B Barker, D.Phil. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore,

More information

Imaging is routinely used for the

Imaging is routinely used for the Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain Ajay Kumar Singh, MD; Ay-Ming Wang, MD; William Sanders, MD In vivo magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive imaging modality useful for obtaining

More information

Research Article. Corresponding author Hajar Taheri

Research Article. Corresponding author Hajar Taheri Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2013; 1(2):117-121 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific

More information

FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN FOLLOW-UP OF CEREBRAL GLIAL TUMORS

FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN FOLLOW-UP OF CEREBRAL GLIAL TUMORS Anvita Bieza FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN FOLLOW-UP OF CEREBRAL GLIAL TUMORS Summary of Doctoral Thesis to obtain PhD degree in medicine Specialty Diagnostic Radiology Riga, 2013 Doctoral thesis

More information

MR spectroscopy in diagnosing intracranial lesions: comparison of diagnostic accuracy at different TE

MR spectroscopy in diagnosing intracranial lesions: comparison of diagnostic accuracy at different TE MR spectroscopy in diagnosing intracranial lesions: comparison of diagnostic accuracy at different TE Poster No.: C-1359 Congress: ECR 2013 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Exhibit A. S. DUNGDUNG;

More information

General Identification. Name: 江 X X Age: 29 y/o Gender: Male Height:172cm, Weight: 65kg Date of admission:95/09/27

General Identification. Name: 江 X X Age: 29 y/o Gender: Male Height:172cm, Weight: 65kg Date of admission:95/09/27 General Identification Name: 江 X X Age: 29 y/o Gender: Male Height:172cm, Weight: 65kg Date of admission:95/09/27 Chief Complaint Sudden onset of seizure for several minutes Present illness This 29-year

More information

Effects of Contrast Material on Single-volume Proton MR Spectroscopy

Effects of Contrast Material on Single-volume Proton MR Spectroscopy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1084 1089, June/July 2000 Effects of Contrast Material on Single-volume Proton MR Spectroscopy J. Keith Smith, Lester Kwock, and Mauricio Castillo BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Administration

More information

Dynamic 1H-MRS assessment of brain tumors: A novel approach for differential diagnosis of glioma

Dynamic 1H-MRS assessment of brain tumors: A novel approach for differential diagnosis of glioma Dynamic 1H-MRS assessment of brain tumors: A novel approach for differential diagnosis of glioma The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you.

More information

Metabolite profile in the basal ganglia of children with cerebral palsy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Metabolite profile in the basal ganglia of children with cerebral palsy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study Metabolite profile in the basal ganglia of children with cerebral palsy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study Wojciech Kulak* MD, Associate Professor; Wojciech Sobaniec MD, Professor; Joanna

More information

Extraneous Lipid Contamination in Single-Volume Proton MR Spectroscopy: Phantom and Human Studies

Extraneous Lipid Contamination in Single-Volume Proton MR Spectroscopy: Phantom and Human Studies Extraneous Lipid Contamination in Single-Volume Proton MR Spectroscopy: Phantom and Human Studies Lester Kwock, Mark A. Brown, and Mauricio Castillo PURPOSE: To determine the degree of extraneous lipid

More information

Original Research Article

Original Research Article Original Research Article Comparison of Single Voxel and Multi Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Evaluation of Brain Tumors Anith Alfred J 1, Abubacker Sulaiman F 2, Divya Shree 3, Ashraf Ahmed

More information

The Low Sensitivity of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord

The Low Sensitivity of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord The Low Sensitivity of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord Mark D. Keiper, Robert I. Grossman, John C. Brunson, and Mitchell D. Schnall PURPOSE:

More information

University of Groningen. Biomarkers in premanifest Huntington's disease van Oostrom, Joost Cornelis Hendricus

University of Groningen. Biomarkers in premanifest Huntington's disease van Oostrom, Joost Cornelis Hendricus University of Groningen Biomarkers in premanifest Huntington's disease van Oostrom, Joost Cornelis Hendricus IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you

More information

Hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonates - early MR imaging findings

Hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonates - early MR imaging findings Hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonates - early MR imaging findings Poster No.: C-1208 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Educational Exhibit E.-M. Heursen, R. Reina Cubero, T. Guijo Hernandez,

More information

Proton MR Spectroscopy and Preoperative Diagnostic Accuracy: An Evaluation of Intracranial Mass Lesions Characterized by Stereotactic Biopsy Findings

Proton MR Spectroscopy and Preoperative Diagnostic Accuracy: An Evaluation of Intracranial Mass Lesions Characterized by Stereotactic Biopsy Findings AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:84 93, January 2 Proton MR Spectroscopy and Preoperative Diagnostic Accuracy: An Evaluation of Intracranial Mass Lesions Characterized by Stereotactic Biopsy Findings Isabella

More information

Advanced MR Imaging of Cortical Dysplasia with or without Neoplasm: A Report of Two Cases

Advanced MR Imaging of Cortical Dysplasia with or without Neoplasm: A Report of Two Cases AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1686 1691, November/December 2002 Case Report Advanced MR Imaging of Cortical Dysplasia with or without Neoplasm: A Report of Two Cases Jay J. Pillai, Richard B. Hessler, Jerry

More information

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Lateral Ventricle Involvement

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Lateral Ventricle Involvement The Open Medical Imaging Journal, 2012, 6, 103-107 103 Open Access Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Lateral Ventricle Involvement Yumi Oie 1,*, Kazuhiro Murayama 1, Shinya Nagahisa 2, Masato

More information

MRI and CT of the CNS

MRI and CT of the CNS MRI and CT of the CNS Dr.Maha ELBeltagy Assistant Professor of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan 2018 Computed Tomography CT is used for the detection of intracranial lesions. CT relies

More information

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electroencephalographic activity in attention deficit disorder

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electroencephalographic activity in attention deficit disorder 1 Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electroencephalographic activity in attention deficit disorder Arturo Alvarado, Germán Zapata, Larry Díaz, Zhilma Sucre, Gladys Veracochea, Raiza Pérez, Maritza

More information

Clinically apparent cerebral edema is the most frequent severe

Clinically apparent cerebral edema is the most frequent severe ORIGINAL RESEARCH S.L. Wootton-Gorges M.H. Buonocore N. Kuppermann J.P. Marcin P.D. Barnes E.K. Neely J. DiCarlo T. McCarthy N.S. Glaser Cerebral Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Children with

More information

Correlation of Myo-inositol Levels and Grading of Cerebral Astrocytomas

Correlation of Myo-inositol Levels and Grading of Cerebral Astrocytomas AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1645 1649, October 2000 Correlation of Myo-inositol Levels and Grading of Cerebral Astrocytomas Mauricio Castillo, J. Keith Smith, and Lester Kwock BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a

More information

Analysis between clinical and MRI findings of childhood and teenages with epilepsy after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates periods

Analysis between clinical and MRI findings of childhood and teenages with epilepsy after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates periods Analysis between clinical and MRI findings of childhood and teenages with epilepsy after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates periods Poster No.: C-0401 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit

More information

Corresponding author: A.D. Xu

Corresponding author: A.D. Xu Study of white matter at the centrum semiovale level with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging in cerebral small vessel disease L.A. Huang 1, X.Y. Ling 2, C. Li 2, S.J. Zhang 1,

More information

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of brain injury after nasopharyngeal cancer radiation in early delayed reaction

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of brain injury after nasopharyngeal cancer radiation in early delayed reaction Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of brain injury after nasopharyngeal cancer radiation in early delayed reaction W.-S. Chen 1, J.-J. Li 1, J.-H. Zhang 2, L. Hong 1, Z.-B. Xing 1, F. Wang 1 and

More information

University of Groningen. Neuro-imaging of visual field defects Boucard, Christine

University of Groningen. Neuro-imaging of visual field defects Boucard, Christine University of Groningen Neuro-imaging of visual field defects Boucard, Christine IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please

More information

Neuroradiological, clinical and genetic characterization of new forms of hereditary leukoencephalopathies

Neuroradiological, clinical and genetic characterization of new forms of hereditary leukoencephalopathies Neuroradiological, clinical and genetic characterization of new forms of hereditary leukoencephalopathies Principal Investigator: Dr. Donatella Tampieri, MD, FRCPC, Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal

More information

Effects of Brain Region and Gender on Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Normal Subjects

Effects of Brain Region and Gender on Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Normal Subjects Yale University EliScholar A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 12-13-2002 Effects of Brain Region and Gender on Proton Magnetic Resonance

More information

White Matter Disease Induced by High-Dose Chemotherapy: Longitudinal Study with MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy

White Matter Disease Induced by High-Dose Chemotherapy: Longitudinal Study with MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:217 221, February 1998 White Matter Disease Induced by High-Dose Chemotherapy: Longitudinal Study with MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy Mark S. Brown, Salomon M. Stemmer, Jack

More information

Perlman J, Clinics Perinatol 2006; 33: Underlying causal pathways. Antenatal Intrapartum Postpartum. Acute near total asphyxia

Perlman J, Clinics Perinatol 2006; 33: Underlying causal pathways. Antenatal Intrapartum Postpartum. Acute near total asphyxia Perlman J, Clinics Perinatol 2006; 33:335-353 Underlying causal pathways Antenatal Intrapartum Postpartum Acute injury Subacute injury Associated problem Reduced fetal movements Placental insufficiency

More information

Gross Organization I The Brain. Reading: BCP Chapter 7

Gross Organization I The Brain. Reading: BCP Chapter 7 Gross Organization I The Brain Reading: BCP Chapter 7 Layout of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Located inside of bone Includes the brain (in the skull) and the spinal cord (in the backbone)

More information

Deakin Research Online

Deakin Research Online Deakin Research Online This is the published version: Silberstein, Morry, Lane, Dianne, Dodd, Seetal and Opeskin, Kenneth 2002, Identification of a by-product of nitric oxide synthase activity in human

More information

Central nervous system

Central nervous system Central nervous system By Dr. Mohsen Dashti Clinical Medicine & Pathology 316 7 th Lecture Lecture outline Review of structure & function. Symptoms, signs & tests. Specific diseases. Review of structure

More information

Student Lab #: Date. Lab: Gross Anatomy of Brain Sheep Brain Dissection Organ System: Nervous Subdivision: CNS (Central Nervous System)

Student Lab #: Date. Lab: Gross Anatomy of Brain Sheep Brain Dissection Organ System: Nervous Subdivision: CNS (Central Nervous System) Lab: Gross Anatomy of Brain Sheep Brain Dissection Organ System: Nervous Subdivision: CNS (Central Nervous System) Student Lab #: Date 1 Objectives: 1. Learn the main components making up a motor neuron.

More information

DISTINCTION BETWEEN RECURRENT GLIOMA AND RADIATION INJURY USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WITH DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING

DISTINCTION BETWEEN RECURRENT GLIOMA AND RADIATION INJURY USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WITH DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.12.001 Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 151 158, 2007 Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0360-3016/07/$ see front

More information

Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MRS ratios in brain tissue remote from the tumor site.

Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MRS ratios in brain tissue remote from the tumor site. Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Psychology Faculty Publications Department of Psychology 1998 Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MRS ratios

More information

mr brain volume analysis using brain assist

mr brain volume analysis using brain assist mr brain volume analysis using brain assist This Paper describes the tool named BrainAssist, which can be used for the study and analysis of brain abnormalities like Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), Heterotopia

More information

Study on the clinical application of the MRS in the cognitive assessment after stroke

Study on the clinical application of the MRS in the cognitive assessment after stroke European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2017; 21: 2437-2442 Study on the clinical application of the MRS in the cognitive assessment after stroke S.-Y. WANG 1,2,3, M. WANG 1,2,3, X.-X.

More information

Multivoxel MRS: right frontal parafalcine cortex area of neurobiochemical gender differentiation?

Multivoxel MRS: right frontal parafalcine cortex area of neurobiochemical gender differentiation? Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva Volume 53 No. 4 2011 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Multivoxel MRS: right frontal parafalcine cortex area of neurobiochemical gender differentiation? Jelena Ostojic 1, Dusko Kozic

More information

Value of Single-Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Value of Single-Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Value of Single-Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Eric Achten, Paul Boon, Tom Van De Kerckhove, Jacques Caemaert, Jacques De Reuck, and Marc Kunnen PURPOSE: To study the value of different

More information

Correlation of quantitative proton MR spectroscopy with local histology from stereotactic brain biopsy to evaluate heterogeneity of brain tumors

Correlation of quantitative proton MR spectroscopy with local histology from stereotactic brain biopsy to evaluate heterogeneity of brain tumors Correlation of quantitative proton MR spectroscopy with local histology from stereotactic brain biopsy to evaluate heterogeneity of brain tumors Steve H. Fung, MD 1, Edward F. Jackson, PhD 2, Samuel J.

More information

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative ORIGINAL RESEARCH E. Matsusue S. Sugihara S. Fujii T. Kinoshita T. Nakano E. Ohama T. Ogawa Cerebral Cortical and White Matter Lesions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Dementia: Correlation with MR

More information

Fire-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Brain 1 H-MR Spetroscopic Findings

Fire-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Brain 1 H-MR Spetroscopic Findings Fire-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Brain 1 H-MR Spetroscopic Findings Myung Kwan Lim, MD 1 Chang Hae Suh, MD 1 Hyung Jin Kim, MD 1 Sung Tae Kim, MD 1 Jeong Seop Lee, MD 2 Min Hee Kang, MD 2 Ji

More information

High spatial resolution reveals excellent detail in pediatric neuro imaging

High spatial resolution reveals excellent detail in pediatric neuro imaging Publication for the Philips MRI Community Issue 46 2012/2 High spatial resolution reveals excellent detail in pediatric neuro imaging Achieva 3.0T with 32-channel SENSE Head coil has become the system

More information

Journal of Neurology, Neurological Science and Disorders

Journal of Neurology, Neurological Science and Disorders v Clinical Group Journal of Neurology, Neurological Science and Disorders DOI CC By Ossama Y Mansour 1 *, Doaa Hanfy 2, Sameh Fathy 3 and Rania E Mohammed 4 1 Alexandria university neurology and endovascular

More information

Session Goals. Principles of Brain Plasticity

Session Goals. Principles of Brain Plasticity Presenter: Bryan Kolb Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Date: January 12, 2011 The FASD Learning Series is part of the Alberta government s commitment to programs and

More information

Clinical application of 3.0 T proton MR spectroscopy in evaluation of pancreatic diseases

Clinical application of 3.0 T proton MR spectroscopy in evaluation of pancreatic diseases Clinical application of 3.0 T proton MR spectroscopy in evaluation of pancreatic diseases Award: Cum Laude Poster No.: C-1762 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Scientific Paper Authors: T. Su, E. Jin; Beijing/CN

More information

UNIT 5 REVIEW GUIDE - NERVOUS SYSTEM 1) State the 3 functions of the nervous system. 1) 2) 3)

UNIT 5 REVIEW GUIDE - NERVOUS SYSTEM 1) State the 3 functions of the nervous system. 1) 2) 3) UNIT 5 REVIEW GUIDE - NERVOUS SYSTEM State the 3 functions of the nervous system. Briefly describe the general function(s) of each of the following neuron types: a) SENSORY NEURONS: b) INTERNEURONS: c)

More information

MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy in 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Lyase Deficiency

MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy in 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Lyase Deficiency AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:78 82, February 1998 MR Imaging and Proton Spectroscopy in -Hydroxy--Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Lyase Deficiency M. S. van der Knaap, H. D. Bakker, and J. Valk Summary: Three patients

More information

Analysis of metabolic changes of brain in HIV-1 seropositive patients with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Analysis of metabolic changes of brain in HIV-1 seropositive patients with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Signature: Pol J Radiol, 2010; 75(2): 27-32 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Received: 2010.03.25 Accepted: 2010.04.06 Analysis of metabolic changes of brain in HIV-1 seropositive patients with proton magnetic resonance

More information

Newborn Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Hisham Dahmoush, MBBCh FRCR Lucile Packard Children s Hospital at Stanford

Newborn Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Hisham Dahmoush, MBBCh FRCR Lucile Packard Children s Hospital at Stanford Newborn Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury Hisham Dahmoush, MBBCh FRCR Lucile Packard Children s Hospital at Stanford NO DISCLOSURES INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause

More information

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring brain development and injury

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring brain development and injury Advanced magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring brain development and injury Stéphane Sizonenko, MD-PhD Division of Development and Growth Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine Geneva University

More information

Delayed Encephalopathy of Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: Diffusivity of Cerebral White Matter Lesions

Delayed Encephalopathy of Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: Diffusivity of Cerebral White Matter Lesions AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1592 1597, September 2003 Delayed Encephalopathy of Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: Diffusivity of Cerebral White Matter Lesions Ji-hoon Kim, Kee-Hyun Chang, In Chan Song,

More information

Sample Copyright. Academic Group SELF 1 2. Syllabus Checklist. On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand:

Sample Copyright. Academic Group SELF 1 2. Syllabus Checklist. On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand: SELF 1 2 Syllabus Checklist On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand: 2.1 Biological influences/bases of behaviour functions of the major parts of the brain hindbrain midbrain forebrain

More information

FOR CMS (MEDICARE) MEMBERS ONLY NATIONAL COVERAGE DETERMINATION (NCD) FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING:

FOR CMS (MEDICARE) MEMBERS ONLY NATIONAL COVERAGE DETERMINATION (NCD) FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: National Imaging Associates, Inc. Clinical guidelines BONE MARROW MRI Original Date: July 2008 Page 1 of 5 CPT Codes: 77084 Last Review Date: September 2014 NCD 220.2 MRI Last Effective Date: July 2011

More information

Introduction to Brain Imaging

Introduction to Brain Imaging Introduction to Brain Imaging Human Brain Imaging NEUR 570 & BIC lecture series September 9, 2013 Petra Schweinhardt, MD PhD Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal, Canada Various techniques

More information

X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: The Role of Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Predicting Disease Progression

X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: The Role of Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Predicting Disease Progression AJNR Am J Neuroradiol :839 844, May 000 X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: The Role of Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Predicting Disease Progression Elias R. Melhem, Daniel J. Loes, Christos S. Georgiades,

More information

Announcement. Danny to schedule a time if you are interested.

Announcement.  Danny to schedule a time if you are interested. Announcement If you need more experiments to participate in, contact Danny Sanchez (dsanchez@ucsd.edu) make sure to tell him that you are from LIGN171, so he will let me know about your credit (1 point).

More information

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease ORIGINL RESERCH S. Ngai Y.M. Tang L. Du S. Stuckey Hyperintensity of the Precentral Gyral Subcortical White Matter and Hypointensity of the Precentral Gyrus on Fluid-ttenuated Inversion Recovery: Variation

More information

Big brains may hold clues to origins of autism

Big brains may hold clues to origins of autism VIEWPOINT Big brains may hold clues to origins of autism BY KONSTANTINOS ZARBALIS 23 FEBRUARY 2016 A persistent challenge to improving our understanding of autism is the fact that no single neurological

More information

Study of the CNS. Bent O. Kjos' Richard L. Ehman Michael Brant-Zawadzki William M. Kelly David Norman Thomas H. Newton

Study of the CNS. Bent O. Kjos' Richard L. Ehman Michael Brant-Zawadzki William M. Kelly David Norman Thomas H. Newton 271 Reproducibility of Relaxation Times and Spin Density Calculated from Routine MR Imaging Sequences: Clinical Study of the CNS Bent O. Kjos' Richard L. Ehman Michael Brant-Zawadzki William M. Kelly David

More information

MYELINATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1

MYELINATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1 MYELINATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1 Myelination, development and Multiple Sclerosis Randy Christensen Salt Lake Community College MYELINATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 2 Myelination,

More information

EEG IN FOCAL ENCEPHALOPATHIES: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, NEOPLASMS, AND INFECTIONS

EEG IN FOCAL ENCEPHALOPATHIES: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, NEOPLASMS, AND INFECTIONS 246 Figure 8.7: FIRDA. The patient has a history of nonspecific cognitive decline and multiple small WM changes on imaging. oligodendrocytic tumors of the cerebral hemispheres (11,12). Electroencephalogram

More information

A study of the relationship between metabolism using 1 H-MRS and function using several neuropsychological

A study of the relationship between metabolism using 1 H-MRS and function using several neuropsychological Seizure 2001; 10: 188 193 doi:10.1053/seiz.2000.0498, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on A study of the relationship between metabolism using 1 H-MRS and function using several neuropsychological

More information

Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in the diagnostic evaluation of developmental delay

Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in the diagnostic evaluation of developmental delay european journal of paediatric neurology 13 (2009) 181 190 Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society Original article Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

More information

Investigations in Resting State Connectivity. Overview

Investigations in Resting State Connectivity. Overview Investigations in Resting State Connectivity Scott FMRI Laboratory Overview Introduction Functional connectivity explorations Dynamic change (motor fatigue) Neurological change (Asperger s Disorder, depression)

More information

MR Assessment of Myelination in Infants and Children: Usefulness of Marker Sites

MR Assessment of Myelination in Infants and Children: Usefulness of Marker Sites 731 MR ssessment of Myelination in Infants and Children: Usefulness of Marker Sites C. Roger ird 1 Mary Hedberg urton P. Drayer Paul J. Keller Richard. Flom John. Hodak retrospective study was made of

More information

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 1 3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous

More information

Brain tumors are very often associated with perilesional

Brain tumors are very often associated with perilesional ORIGINAL RESEARCH R. Ricci A. Bacci V. Tugnoli S. Battaglia M. Maffei R. Agati M. Leonardi Metabolic Findings on 3T 1 H-MR Spectroscopy in Peritumoral Brain Edema BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known

More information

Role of Diffusion weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Intracranial Tumors

Role of Diffusion weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Intracranial Tumors IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 12 Ver. IX (December. 2016), PP 99-104 www.iosrjournals.org Role of Diffusion weighted Imaging

More information

Neurometabolism of Active Neuropsychiatric Lupus Determined with Proton MR Spectroscopy

Neurometabolism of Active Neuropsychiatric Lupus Determined with Proton MR Spectroscopy Neurometabolism of Active Neuropsychiatric Lupus Determined with Proton MR Spectroscopy Wilmer L. Sibbitt, Jr, Luke J. Haseler, Richard R. Griffey, Seth D. Friedman, and William M. Brooks PURPOSE: To determine

More information

Assessing Brain Volumes Using MorphoBox Prototype

Assessing Brain Volumes Using MorphoBox Prototype MAGNETOM Flash (68) 2/207 33 Assessing Brain Volumes Using MorphoBox Prototype Alexis Roche,2,3 ; Bénédicte Maréchal,2,3 ; Tobias Kober,2,3 ; Gunnar Krueger 4 ; Patric Hagmann ; Philippe Maeder ; Reto

More information

Central Nervous System Practical Exam. Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells. 1. Please identify the flagged structure.

Central Nervous System Practical Exam. Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells. 1. Please identify the flagged structure. Central Nervous System Practical Exam Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells 1. Please identify the flagged structure. 2. Please identify the flagged structure. 3. Please identify the flagged structure. 4. A

More information

Test 3. Module 5 & 6

Test 3. Module 5 & 6 Test 3 Module 5 & 6 Questions from the GVLS website Define the terms: Muscle- Involuntary- Voluntary- Striated- Smooth- Cardiac- Sarcomere - Actin - Myosin - Myofibril - Muscle Contraction - A-band - I-band

More information

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Psychiatry

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Psychiatry 2003 KHBM DTI in Psychiatry Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Psychiatry KHBM 2003. 11. 21. 서울대학교 의과대학 정신과학교실 권준수 Neuropsychiatric conditions DTI has been studied in Alzheimer s disease Schizophrenia Alcoholism

More information

Global N-acetyl aspartate correlates with. cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Global N-acetyl aspartate correlates with. cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis Global N-acetyl aspartate correlates with cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis 1 Henrik Kahr Mathiesen, MD; 2 Agnete Jonsson, Psychologist; 2 Thomas Tscherning, MD; 1 Lars G. Hanson, Physicist,

More information

White matter diseases affecting the corpus callosum; demyelinating and metabolic diseases

White matter diseases affecting the corpus callosum; demyelinating and metabolic diseases White matter diseases affecting the corpus callosum; demyelinating and metabolic diseases Poster No.: C-0199 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: J. H. Yoo; Seoul/KR Keywords: Neuroradiology

More information

Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Basics of MRI in practice. Generation of MR signal. Generation of MR signal. Spin echo imaging. Generation of MR signal

Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Basics of MRI in practice. Generation of MR signal. Generation of MR signal. Spin echo imaging. Generation of MR signal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protons aligned with B0 magnetic filed Longitudinal magnetization - T1 relaxation Transverse magnetization - T2 relaxation Signal measured in the transverse plane Basics of MRI

More information