PSYCH 260 Exam 2. March 2, Answer the questions using the Scantron form. Name:
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1 PSYCH 260 Exam 2 March 2, 2017 Answer the questions using the Scantron form. Name: 1
2 1 Main Please put in their proper order the steps that lead to synaptic communication between neurons. Begin with the presynaptic cell. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 5. Step 5 A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open. B. Action potential propagates down the axon to the axon terminal. C. Ca++ entry initiates exocytosis of neurotransmitter. D. Ligand-gated receptors bind neurotransmitter and activate channels in the postsynaptic cell. E. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft. A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open. B. Action potential propagates down the axon to the axon terminal. C. Ca++ initiates exocytosis of neurotransmitter. D. Ligand-gated receptors bind neurotransmitter and activate channels in the postsynaptic cell. E. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft. A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open. B. Action potential propagates down the axon to the axon terminal. C. Ca++ initiates exocytosis of neurotransmitter. D. Ligand-gated receptors bind neurotransmitter and activate channels in the postsynaptic cell. E. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft. A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open. B. Action potential propagates down the axon to the axon terminal. C. Ca++ initiates exocytosis of neurotransmitter. D. Ligand-gated receptors bind neurotransmitter and activate channels in the postsynaptic cell. E. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft. A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open. B. Action potential propagates down the axon to the axon terminal. C. Ca++ initiates exocytosis of neurotransmitter. D. Ligand-gated receptors bind neurotransmitter and activate channels in the postsynaptic cell. E. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft. Page 2 of 10
3 Answer the following questions. 6. True or False. There are many obvious structural differences between female and male brains. A. True. B. False. 7. Influx of ion into the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of neurotransmitter by means of. A. Na+; ion transportation. B. Cl-; inhibitory postsynaptic potential enhancement. C. Ca++; exocytosis. D. K+; Na+/K+ pump activity. 8. All of the following are components of the SAM axis, except: A. Midbrain. B. Sympathetic nervous system. C. Adrenal medulla. D. Hypothalamus. Match the hormone to its function. 9. Oxytocin A. stress response; increases blood in glucose; anti-inflammatory effect. B. uterine contraction; milk release; bonding. C. regulates seasonal changes; sexual maturation. D. blood vessel constriction; antidiuretic hormone. 10. Cortisol A. stress response; increases in blood glucose; anti-inflammatory effect. B. uterine contraction; milk release; bonding. C. regulates seasonal changes; sexual maturation. D. blood vessel constriction; antidiuretic hormone. 11. Melatonin A. stress response; increases in blood glucose; anti-inflammatory effect. B. uterine contraction; milk release; bonding. C. regulates seasonal changes, circadian rhythm; sexual maturation. D. blood vessel constriction; antidiuretic hormone. Page 3 of 10
4 Answer the following questions. 12. Botulinum toxin (botox) blocks the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic terminals. In large quantities, this can be because it. A. good; speeds the conduction of action potentials. B. bad; blocks communication to muscle fibers. C. good; accelerates K+ flow. D. bad; affects the size and number of presynaptic IPSPs. 13. is a kind of brain imaging method used to study axon fiber (white matter) tracts. A. Structural MRI; structural. B. Positron Emission Tomography (PET); functional. C. Magnetoencephalography; functional. D. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); structural. 14. The enzyme AChE contributes to the of. A. Breakdown and inactivation; acetylcholine. B. Breakdown and inactivation; dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. C. Postsynaptic reuptake; serotonin. D. Increase in monoamine levels; GABA-releasing neurons. 15. This neurotransmitter is released by motor neurons onto skeletal muscle. A. GABA B. Serotonin C. Acetylcholine D. Glutamate 16. Selective reuptake inhibitors like Prozac act on, the normal process of inactivation. A. synaptic vesicles; slowing. B. postsynaptic receptors; accelerating. C. presynaptic transporters; slowing. D. Na+/K+ pumps; accelerating. 17. The meso-limbo-cortical projection from the in the midbrain releases the neurotransmitter. It is part of the brain s reward circuit. A. ventral tegmental area; dopamine. B. raphe nucleus; NE. C. superior colliculus; glutamate. D. thalamus; GABA. Page 4 of 10
5 18. The lateral fissure divides the. A. left hemisphere from the right. B. temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. C. frontal lobe from the parietal lobes. D. corpus callosum from the anterior commissure. 19. This small glial cell type contributes to the pruning of dendritic spines from unused synapses in the CNS. A. Pyramidal cells. B. microglia. C. Schwann cells. D. Stellate cells. 20. receptors contain their own ion channel; do not. A. ionotropic; metabotropic. B. metabotropic; ionotropic. C. GABA; glutamate. D. Dopamine; serotonin. 21. is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS; is the primary neurotransmitter of CNS output. A. GABA; glutamate. B. glutamate; GABA. C. glutamate; acetylcholine. D. Acetylcholine; glutamate. 22. Hormonal action than neuronal action. A. is faster-acting. B. is more specific in its effects. C. is slower-acting. D. involves greater voluntary control. 23. Opening a channel permeable to Na+ in a neuron at its resting potential would have a/an effect. A. excitatory. B. inhibitory. C. modulatory. D. Ca++ activating. Page 5 of 10
6 Match the endocrine structure with the function. 24. Hypothalamus A. Circadian rhythms. B. Responds to adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH) by releasing cortisol. C. Releases NE and epinephrine. D. Controls hormone secretions into and by pituitary. 25. Pineal gland A. Circadian rhythms. B. Responds to adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH) by releasing cortisol. C. Releases NE and epinephrine. D. Controls hormone secretions into and by pituitary. 26. Adrenal cortex A. Circadian rhythms. B. Responds to adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH) by releasing cortisol. C. Releases NE and epinephrine. D. Controls hormone secretions into and by pituitary. Page 6 of 10
7 Match the Roman numeral in the figure below, to the processes and structures in the hormonal action cycle the figure depicts. 27. I 28. II 29. III 30. IV A. Posterior pituitary. B. Nerve impulses to hypothalamus. C. Release of oxytocin into blood stream. D. Hypothalamus. A. Posterior pituitary. B. Nerve impulses to hypothalamus. C. Release of oxytocin into blood stream. D. Hypothalamus. A. Posterior pituitary. B. Nerve impulses to hypothalamus. C. Release of oxytocin into blood stream. D. Hypothalamus. A. Posterior pituitary. B. Nerve impulses to hypothalamus. C. Release of oxytocin into blood stream. D. Hypothalamus. Page 7 of 10
8 Answer the following questions. 31. Both Parkinson s Disease and schizophrenia have been linked to disturbances in neurotransmitter systems. A. dopamine. B. GABA. C. acetylcholine. D. serotonin. 32. All of the following are biologically driven periods of animal physiology except. A. once a week. B min. C. daily. D. yearly. 33. The plays a role in entraining the release of the hormone to patterns in the day/night cycle. A. hippocampus; adrenaline. B. preoptic area; ACTH. C. suprachiasmatic nucleus; melatonin. D. amygdala; glutamate. 34. sleep is characterized by large amplitude, low frequency EEG patterns and the absence of vivid dream experiences. A. slow-wave (Stage 3/4). B. REM. C. Stage 1. D. Stage One reason young infants might have such erratic sleep patterns is that A. it takes time for retinal neurons to establish effective connections with the SCN. B. most new parents don t keep regular day/night schedules. C. they spend most of their in slow-wave sleep. D. the infant hypothalamus doesn t release melatonin like an adult. 36. During REM sleep, most motor neurons are except for those controlling the. A. inhibited; limbs. B. excited; eyes. C. inhibited; eyes. D. excited; digestive tract. 37. In which group of animals is monogamy common? A. primates. B. birds. C. mammals. D. reptiles. Page 8 of 10
9 38. Human sexuality differs from most other animals in all of the following ways except. A. Have sex outside of estrous. B. Fewer outward signs of estrous. C. Smaller testes, ejaculate volumes, and sperm counts. D. Have sex frequently. 39. Gap junctions support between cells. A. direct electrical coupling B. chemical communication C. slow communication D. hormonal signaling 40. The release of glutamate onto an AMPA receptor on a neuron s dendrite produces an. A. inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) B. electrochemical postsynaptic potential (EPSP) C. inwardly-driven postsynaptic potential (IPSP) D. excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) Turn to the next page to complete the bonus questions. Page 9 of 10
10 2 Bonus 41. The hippocampus is located deep within which lobe of the cerebral cortex? A. Temporal. B. Frontal. C. Parietal. D. Occipital. 42. Histamine is one of the group of neurotransmitters. It is released by the. A. monoamine; hippocampus. B. monoamine; hypothalamus. C. amino acid; midbrain. D. peptide; amygdala. 43. The 10th cranial (Xth) or vagus nerve connects to the branch of the autonomic nervous system. Its neurons tend to slow heart rate and activate digestion when stimulated. A. parasympathetic. B. sympathetic. C. enteric. D. somatic. 44. Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is released by the into the. A. hippocampus; amygdala. B. adrenal cortex; blood stream. C. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary. D. medulla oblongata; adrenal medulla. Page 10 of 10
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