Vision and Eye Movements Peter H. Schiller, Motion perception and pursuit eye movements
|
|
|
- Cuthbert Gervase Lamb
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vision and Eye Movements Peter H. Schiller, 2013 Motion perception and pursuit eye movements 1
2 Topics: 1. The responses of neurons to motion in various brain regions. 2. Mechananisms for creating motion-selective neurons. 3. The effects of brain lesions on motion perception. 4. Structure from motion. 5. Apparent motion. 6. Metacontrast and brightness masking. 7. Optokinetic nystagmus 8. The accessory optic system 9. Summary 2
3 Neuronal responses to motion in cortex 3
4 Method for stimulating V1 RFs with moving targets Moving bar Photocell A L D L D B L D L D C D L D L Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. 4
5 Response of an S1 cell in striate cortex to drifting bars UNIT o RF 1 30sp L D L D 2 RF 2 D L D L Spatio-temporal organization of receptive field 3 D DEGREES OF VISUAL ANGLE 5 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
6 Response of an S2 cell in striate cortex to drifting bars UNIT o 1 10sp L D L D 2 D L D L Spatio-temporal organization of receptive field 3 L D DEGREES OF VISUAL ANGLE 6 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
7 Response of an S2 cell in striate cortex to drifting bars UNIT o 1 L D L D 20sp 2 D L D L Spatio-temporal organization of receptive field 3 L deg D 7 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
8 s 4 L D Summary of cell types in V1 s 1 D s 5 D L DEGREES OF VISUAL ANGLE deg L D s 2 L D s 6 D L DEGREES OF VISUAL ANGLE deg s 3 L L D deg D s 7 L D L L D deg L deg D CX D L deg 8 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
9 Neuronal responses to motion in MT and MST Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Please refer to lecture video. 9
10 The effect of picrotoxin on direction selectivity in retina CONTROL PICROTOXIN RECOVERY null +_ +_ +_ +_ +_ preferred Picrotoxin acts on GABA receptor channels. For mechanism of action 1.5 o see Newland and Cull-Candy, J. Physiol; 1992, 447, h Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. 10
11 Simple inhibitory model with spatial specificity spatially specific inhibition 11 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
12 A conceptual scheme for types of motion PLANAR 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg LEFT RIGHT DOWN UP CIRCULAR RADIAL 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg 100 deg COUNTERCLOCKWISE CLOCKWISE IN OUT Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. 12
13 Neuronal responses in MST to various types of motion Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see lecture video or Figure 4 from Duffy, Charles J., and Robert H. Wurtz. "Sensitivity of MST Neurons to Optic Flow Stimuli. I. A Continuum of Response Selectivity to Large-field Stimuli." J Neurophysiol 65, no. 6 (1991):
14 Specificity of directional attributes in MST 40% of the cells respond to all three types of motion 30% of the cells respond to two types of motion 20% of the cells respond to one type of motion 14
15 Neural mechanisms of directional specificity 15
16 The effects of lesions on motion perception 16
17 Motion detection 17
18 Motion detection in in intact, V4 and MT blocked regions Motion Detection 100 Percent Correct Normal V4 Lesion Latencies: Normal = 318ms MT Lesion = 362ms Eager Normal MT Lesion Latencies: Normal = 234ms MT Lesion =278ms Zeno Percent Luminance Contrast Zeno Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. 18
19 19
20 20
21 Flicker detection in in intact, V4 and MT blocked regions Flicker Detection 90 Peachy 80 Green Flicker 70 Percent Correct Red/Green Flicker MT Lesion V4 Lesion Normal Flicker rate (Hz) 21 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
22 Structure from motion 22
23 23
24 24
25 Apparent motion The jumping disk 25
26 26
27 27
28 THE BASIC BISTABLE QUARTETS DEMO 28
29 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see lecture video or Display 1a from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations of Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
30 30
31 31
32 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see lecture video or Display 1b from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations of Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
33 THE INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRY AND SIZE ON THE PERCEIVED DIRECTION OF APPARENT MOTION 33
34 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see lecture video or Display 2 from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations of Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
35 THE INFLUENCE OF RED/GREEN COLOR ON THE PERCEIVED DIRECTION OF APPARENT MOTION 35
36 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 3a from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
37 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 3b from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
38 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 7 from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
39 THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON THE PERCEIVED DIRECTION OF APPARENT MOTION 2 to 1 diameter ratio A. 39
40 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 8a from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
41 THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON THE PERCEIVED DIRECTION OF APPARENT MOTION 3.5 to 1 diameter ratio B. 41
42 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 8b from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
43 THE INFLUENCE OF COLOR, BRIGHTNESS, SHAPE AND SIZE ON THE PERCEIVED DIRECTION OF APPARENT MOTION 43
44 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 9 from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
45 THE INFLUENCE OF PROXIMITY 45
46 Figure removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase see lectur e video or Display 12b from Schiller, Peter H., and Christina E. Carvey. "Demonstrations o f Spatiotemporal Integration and What they Tell us About the Visual System." Perception 35, no. 11 (2006):
47 Why we see wheels rotate backwards in the movies 47
48 A wheel rotating slowly
49 A wheel rotating rapidly
50 Slow rotation Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 50
51 Rapid rotation Frame 1 Frame 2 51
52 Metacontrast Disk-ring sequence 52
53 53
54 54
55 Simultaneous presentation 55
56 56
57 Sequential presentation 57
58 58
59 59
60 Disk and ring and disk alone side by side shown four times 16ms 16ms time 60
61 cycling disk and ring with equal cycle times 61
62 Brightness masking 62
63 Brightness masking
64 64
65 65
66 66
67 Brightness masking and metacontrast Brightness masking 1. Effect declines with increasing interstimulus interval 2. Does not occur interocularly 3. Mostly due to differential conduction velocity in retina Metacontrast 1. U shaped function 2. Continues t o occur interocularly 3. Physiology unclear but linked to motion perception magnigtude of effect magnigtude of effect interstimulus interval in ms interstimulus interval in ms 67
68 Schematized RGC cell response to brightness masking Target alone Mask alone spikes time Target and mask with two interstimulus intervals ISI ISI 68
69 Optokinetic nystagmus 69
70 Optokinetic nystagmus fast phase 1 slow phase
71 Optokinetic nysgtagmus induced in the left and right eyes of a rabbit Figur e removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase refer to lecture video or Knapp, A. G., M. Ariel, et al. "Analysis of Vertebrat e Eye Movements following Intravitreal Drug Injection s. I. Blockad e of Retinal ON-cells by 2- amino-4-phosphonobutyrate Eliminates Optokinetic Nystagmus." Journal of neurophysiology 60, no. 3 (1988):
72 Optokinetic nysgtagmus after APB injected into the right eye Figur e removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase refer to lecture video or Knapp, A. G., M. Ariel, et al. "Analysis of Vertebrat e Eye Movements following Intravitreal Drug Injection s. I. Blockad e of Retinal ON-cells by 2- amino-4-phosphonobutyrate Eliminates Optokinetic Nystagmus." Journal of neurophysiology 60, no. 3 (1988):
73 The effect of APB on optikinetic nyustagmus in monkey Figur e removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase refer to lecture video or Knapp, A. G., M. Ariel, et al. "Analysis of Vertebrat e Eye Movements following Intravitreal Drug Injection s. I. Blockad e of Retinal ON-cells by 2- amino-4-phosphonobutyrate Eliminates Optokinetic Nystagmus." Journal of neurophysiology 60, no. 3 (1988):
74 Optokinetic response in normal and immobilized eye Figur e removed due to copyright restrictions. Ple ase refer to lecture video or Knapp, A. G., M. Ariel, et al. "Analysis of Vertebrat e Eye Movements following Intravitreal Drug Injection s. I. Blockad e of Retinal ON-cells by 2- amino-4-phosphonobutyrate Eliminates Optokinetic Nystagmus." Journal of neurophysiology 60, no. 3 (1988):
75 Motion analysis in the accessory optic system 75
76 Prime axes of the retinal ganglion cells of Dogiel that feed into the accessory optic system Ant The axons of the cells of Dogiel project to the terminal nuclei 76
77 vestibulo-ocular reflex 77 Major Pathways of the Accessory Optic System (AOS) Velocity response of AOS neurons = deg/sec of AOS RGCs in rabbit = 7K out of 350K Number 2 1 Ant Cortex Cerebellum 3 Prime axes of the cells of Dogiel NOT climbing fibers D M 1 Inferior Olive Semicircular canals rate code BS BS L 2,3 2,3 Terminal Nuclei Vestibular Nucleus
78 MIT OpenCourseWare Sensory Systems Fall 2013 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
Prof. Greg Francis 7/31/15
s PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 06 How do you recognize your grandmother? Action potential With enough excitatory input, a cell produces an action potential that sends a signal down its axon to other cells
The ON and OFF Channels
The visual and oculomotor systems Peter H. Schiller, year 2006 The ON and OFF Channels Questions: 1. How are the ON and OFF channels created for the cones? 2. How are the ON and OFF channels created for
Motor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo
Motor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo Population coding in the motor cortex Overview and structure of cerebellum Microcircuitry of cerebellum Function of cerebellum -- vestibulo-ocular
The Midget and Parasol Channels
The visual and oculomotor systems Peter H. Schiller, year 2006 The Midget and Parasol Channels MIDGET SYSTEM PARASOL SYSTEM or Neuronal response profile ON OFF ON OFF time Midget system cones ON OFF ON
2/3/17. Visual System I. I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex
1 Visual System I I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex 2 1 2/3/17 Window of the Soul 3 Information Flow: From Photoreceptors
LISC-322 Neuroscience Cortical Organization
LISC-322 Neuroscience Cortical Organization THE VISUAL SYSTEM Higher Visual Processing Martin Paré Assistant Professor Physiology & Psychology Most of the cortex that covers the cerebral hemispheres is
OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I
OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I Monocular Sensory Processes of Vision: Color Vision Mechanisms of Color Processing . Neural Mechanisms of Color Processing A. Parallel processing - M- & P- pathways B. Second
Reading Assignments: Lecture 5: Introduction to Vision. None. Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence Lecture 5:. Reading Assignments: None 1 Projection 2 Projection 3 Convention: Visual Angle Rather than reporting two numbers (size of object and distance to observer),
Lecture overview. What hypothesis to test in the fly? Quantitative data collection Visual physiology conventions ( Methods )
Lecture overview What hypothesis to test in the fly? Quantitative data collection Visual physiology conventions ( Methods ) 1 Lecture overview What hypothesis to test in the fly? Quantitative data collection
A Neurally-Inspired Model for Detecting and Localizing Simple Motion Patterns in Image Sequences
A Neurally-Inspired Model for Detecting and Localizing Simple Motion Patterns in Image Sequences Marc Pomplun 1, Yueju Liu 2, Julio Martinez-Trujillo 2, Evgueni Simine 2, and John K. Tsotsos 2 1 Department
Biological Bases of Behavior. 6: Vision
Biological Bases of Behavior 6: Vision Sensory Systems The brain detects events in the external environment and directs the contractions of the muscles Afferent neurons carry sensory messages to brain
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,
Parallel streams of visual processing
Parallel streams of visual processing RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS: OPTIC TRACT Optic nerve Optic tract Optic chiasm Lateral geniculate nucleus Hypothalamus: regulation of circadian rhythms Pretectum: reflex
V1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8. Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017
V1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017 Topography: mapping of objects in space onto the visual cortex contralateral representation
Sensation and Perception. A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations
I. Overview Sensation and Perception A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations C. Top-Down vs Bottom-up Processing D. Psychophysics -- thresholds 1.
1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells
1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells 2. Responses of an on-center ganglion cell to different light conditions 3. Responses of an on-center ganglion cells to different light
IIE 269: Cognitive Psychology
IIE 269: Cognitive Psychology Greg Francis, PhD email: gfrancis@purdue.edu http://www.psych.purdue.edu/ gfrancis/classes/iie269/index.html Study Guide for Exam 1 Exam Date: 14 July 2008 The exam will include
Active sensing. Ehud Ahissar 1
Active sensing Ehud Ahissar 1 Active sensing Passive vs active touch Comparison across senses Basic coding principles -------- Perceptual loops Sensation-targeted motor control Proprioception Controlled
Extraocular Muscles and Ocular Motor Control of Eye Movements
Extraocular Muscles and Ocular Motor Control of Eye Movements Linda K. McLoon PhD mcloo001@umn.edu Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences Your Eyes Are Constantly Moving. Yarbus, 1967 Eye
Pathway from the eye to the cortex
Vision: CNS 2017 Pathway from the eye to the cortex Themes of this lecture Visual information is analyzed in more complicated ways than in the retina. One major pathway from the eye leads to the striate
Early Stages of Vision Might Explain Data to Information Transformation
Early Stages of Vision Might Explain Data to Information Transformation Baran Çürüklü Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mälardalen University Västerås S-721 23, Sweden Abstract. In this paper
eye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3
eye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3 retinal specialization fovea: highest density of photoreceptors, aimed at where you are looking -> highest acuity optic disk: cell-free area, where
Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy. (the part that s visible to us!)
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy (the part that s visible to us!)
The Eye. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language. Today s goals. 5 From eye to brain. Today s reading
Cognitive Neuroscience of Language 5 From eye to brain Today s goals Look at the pathways that conduct the visual information from the eye to the visual cortex Marielle Lange http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mlange/teaching/cnl/
Vestibular System. Dian Yu, class of 2016
Vestibular System Dian Yu, class of 2016 Objectives 1. Describe the functions of the vestibular system: What is it? How do you stimulate it? What are the consequences of stimulation? 2. Describe the vestibular
LISC-322 Neuroscience. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation
LISC-3 Neuroscience THE VISUAL SYSTEM Central Visual Pathways Each eye sees a part of the visual space that defines its visual field. The s of both eyes overlap extensively to create a binocular. eye both
September 9, 2013: The layout of the visual system, the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus
September 9, 2013: The layout of the visual system, the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus 1 Basic Wiring of the Visual System 2 The world seen by the two eyes Seen by both eyes Seen by both eyes
Models of visual neuron function. Quantitative Biology Course Lecture Dan Butts
Models of visual neuron function Quantitative Biology Course Lecture Dan Butts 1 What is the neural code"? 11 10 neurons 1,000-10,000 inputs Electrical activity: nerve impulses 2 ? How does neural activity
Senses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What?
1 Vision 2 TRANSDUCTION Senses are transducers Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? Action potentials! Sensory codes Frequency code encodes information about intensity
Required Slide. Session Objectives
Vision: CNS 2018 Required Slide Session Objectives Visual system: CNS At the end of this session, students will be able to: 1. Understand how axons from the eyes travel through the optic nerves and tracts
Fundamental mechanisms of visual motion detection: models, cells and functions
Progress in Neurobiology 68 (2003) 409 437 Fundamental mechanisms of visual motion detection: models, cells and functions C.W.G. Clifford a,, M.R. Ibbotson b,1 a Colour, Form and Motion Laboratory, Visual
Visual Object Recognition Computational Models and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Neurobiology 130/230. Harvard College/GSAS 78454
Visual Object Recognition Computational Models and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Neurobiology 130/230. Harvard College/GSAS 78454 Web site: http://tinyurl.com/visionclass (Class notes, readings, etc) Location:
Construction of the Visual Image
Construction of the Visual Image Anne L. van de Ven 8 Sept 2003 BioE 492/592 Sensory Neuroengineering Lecture 3 Visual Perception Light Photoreceptors Interneurons Visual Processing Ganglion Neurons Optic
SENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014
SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation
7. Sharp perception or vision 8. The process of transferring genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
1. A particular shade of a given color 2. How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time 3. Process in which the sense organs' receptor cells are stimulated and relay initial information to higher
Medial Superior Temporal Area Neurons Respond to Speed Patterns in Optic Flow
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1997, 17(8):2839 2851 Medial Superior Temporal Area Neurons Respond to Speed Patterns in Optic Flow Charles J. Duffy 1 and Robert H. Wurtz 2 1 Departments of Neurology,
The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect. absolute threshold. Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.
absolute threshold The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect accommodation Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. acuity Sharp perception or vision audition
Cervical reflex Giovanni Ralli. Dipartimento di Organi di Senso, Università di Roma La Sapienza
Cervical reflex Giovanni Ralli Dipartimento di Organi di Senso, Università di Roma La Sapienza The development of the neck in vertebrates allows the individual to rotate the head independently of the trunk
COGS 107B. Week 7 Section IA: Ryan Szeto OH: Wednesday CSB Kitchen
COGS 107B Week 7 Section IA: Ryan Szeto OH: Wednesday 1PM @ CSB Kitchen MT2: Tomorrow Question 1 NE: Locus coeruleus HA: Posterior hypothalamus ACh: Two pockets- located in pons and basal forebrain DA:
Visual Physiology. Perception and Attention. Graham Hole. Problems confronting the visual system: Solutions: The primary visual pathways: The eye:
Problems confronting the visual system: Visual Physiology image contains a huge amount of information which must be processed quickly. image is dim, blurry and distorted. Light levels vary enormously.
EYE POSITION FEEDBACK IN A MODEL OF THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX FOR SPINO-CEREBELLAR ATAXIA 6
EYE POSITION FEEDBACK IN A MODEL OF THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX FOR SPINO-CEREBELLAR ATAXIA 6 J. H. Anderson 1, M. C. Yavuz 2, B. M. Kazar 3, P. Christova 1, C. M. Gomez 4 1 Department of Otolaryngology,
Temporal Feature of S-cone Pathway Described by Impulse Response Function
VISION Vol. 20, No. 2, 67 71, 2008 Temporal Feature of S-cone Pathway Described by Impulse Response Function Keizo SHINOMORI Department of Information Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology
Visual Selection and Attention
Visual Selection and Attention Retrieve Information Select what to observe No time to focus on every object Overt Selections Performed by eye movements Covert Selections Performed by visual attention 2
M Cells. Why parallel pathways? P Cells. Where from the retina? Cortical visual processing. Announcements. Main visual pathway from retina to V1
Announcements exam 1 this Thursday! review session: Wednesday, 5:00-6:30pm, Meliora 203 Bryce s office hours: Wednesday, 3:30-5:30pm, Gleason https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdw7pvgz0um M Cells M cells
Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: cortical and subcortical components
PSYCHOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE Psychology & Neuroscience, 2011, 4, 1, 57-65 DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2011.1.007 Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: cortical and subcortical components Claudio
Deconstructing the Receptive Field: Information Coding in Macaque area MST
: Information Coding in Macaque area MST Bart Krekelberg, Monica Paolini Frank Bremmer, Markus Lappe, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann Ruhr University Bochum, Dept. Zoology & Neurobiology ND7/30, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development
Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Jessica R. Newton and Mriganka Sur Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning & Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,
9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems
9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems Questions based on Schneider chapter 20 and classes: 1) What was in all likelihood the first functional role of the visual sense? Describe the nature of the most primitive
Vestibular Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D.
Vestibular Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES After studying the material of this lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the structure and function of the vestibular organs.
Vision II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Vision II Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Ganglion Cells The axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve and carry visual information into the brain. 2 Optic
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 05. Rods and cones
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 05 Why do you need bright light to read? Rods and cones Photoreceptors are not evenly distributed across the retina 1 Rods and cones Cones are most dense in
Cambridge CB2 3EG (Received 8 November 1972)
J. Physiol. (1973), 232, pp. 149-162 149 With 8 text-figures Printed in Great Britain PSYCHOPHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR SUSTAINED AND TRANSIENT DETECTORS IN HUMAN VISION BY J. J. KULIKOWSKI AND D. J. TOLHURST*
CS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System
CS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System Lecturer: Jitendra Malik Scribe: Ryan White (Slide: layout of the brain) Facts about the brain:
Nonlinear processing in LGN neurons
Nonlinear processing in LGN neurons Vincent Bonin *, Valerio Mante and Matteo Carandini Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute 2318 Fillmore Street San Francisco, CA 94115, USA Institute of Neuroinformatics
11/2/2011. Basic circuit anatomy (the circuit is the same in all parts of the cerebellum)
11/2/2011 Neuroscientists have been attracted to the puzzle of the Cerebellum ever since Cajal. The orderly structure, the size of the cerebellum and the regularity of the neural elements demands explanation.
Adaptation of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Amblyopia
Adaptation of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Amblyopia Carol A. Wesfall and Clifton M. Schor Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is demonstrated by changes in gain in response to discrepancies
A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception E. Overload
Unit 4 Review #1 The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 10 - Balance
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 10 - Balance www.tutis.ca/senses/ Contents Objectives... 1 The sense of balance originates from the labyrinth... 2 The auditory and vestibular systems have a common
Vision Seeing is in the mind
1 Vision Seeing is in the mind Stimulus: Light 2 Light Characteristics 1. Wavelength (hue) 2. Intensity (brightness) 3. Saturation (purity) 3 4 Hue (color): dimension of color determined by wavelength
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
ANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018
ANAT2010 Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 Table of Contents Lecture 13: Pain and perception... 3 Lecture 14: Sensory systems and visual pathways... 11 Lecture 15: Techniques in Neuroanatomy I in vivo
Visual Motion Detection
MS number 1975 Visual Motion Detection B K Dellen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany R Wessel, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA Contact information: Babette Dellen, Bernstein Center
Psychophysical laws. Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 )
Psychophysical laws Legge di Weber: ΔS=K*S Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 ) Sensory receptors Vision Smell Taste Touch Thermal senses Pain Hearing Balance Proprioception Sensory receptors Table 21-1 Classification
Introduction to Physiological Psychology
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html This class n Sensation vs. Perception n How light is translated into what we see n Structure
Introduction to sensory pathways. Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017
Introduction to sensory pathways Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017 Studying sensory systems: inputs and needs Stimulus Modality Robots Sensors Biological Sensors Outputs Light Vision Photodiodes
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
DISTRIBUTED NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR SYSTEM. Clifford Lau Office of Naval Research Detach ment Pasadena, CA 91106
457 DISTRIBUTED NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR SYSTEM Clifford Lau Office of Naval Research Detach ment Pasadena, CA 91106 Vicente Honrubia* UCLA Division of Head and Neck Surgery
COGS 107B Week 2. Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm
COGS 107B Week 2 Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm Lecture 3: Proprioception Principles: The Neuron Doctrine and The Law of Dynamic Polarization Proprioception Joint-protecting reflexes (ex. Knee jerk reflex)
Sensory coding and somatosensory system
Sensory coding and somatosensory system Sensation and perception Perception is the internal construction of sensation. Perception depends on the individual experience. Three common steps in all senses
Motion parallel to line orientation: Disambiguation of motion percepts
ion, 1999, volume 28, pages 1243 ^ 1255 DOI:.68/p298 Motion parallel to line orientation: Disambiguation of motion percepts Gregory Francis, Hyungjun Kim Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University,
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2003
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2003 Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Pay careful attention to the point value of questions so that you allocate your time appropriately (1 point = 1 minute).
Outline 2/19/2013. Please see me after class: Sarah Pagliero Ryan Paul Demetrius Prowell-Reed Ashley Rehm Giovanni Reynel Patricia Rochin
Outline 2/19/2013 PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 8: Sensation and Perception 1 Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 How we sense and perceive the world
Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, 3e by Ronald T. Kellogg Chapter 2. Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice 1. Which structure is not part of the visual pathway in the brain? a. occipital lobe b. optic chiasm c. lateral geniculate nucleus *d. frontal lobe Answer location: Visual Pathways 2. Which
Strick Lecture 3 March 22, 2017 Page 1
Strick Lecture 3 March 22, 2017 Page 1 Cerebellum OUTLINE I. External structure- Inputs and Outputs Cerebellum - (summary diagram) 2 components (cortex and deep nuclei)- (diagram) 3 Sagittal zones (vermal,
Bi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience. November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM. Ralph Adolphs
Bi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM Ralph Adolphs 1 Menu for today Touch -peripheral -central -plasticity Pain 2 Sherrington (1948): senses classified as --teloreceptive
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Sensory System Sensory information Conscious sensations Unconscious sensations Sensory processing Transferring stimulus energy into a graded potential
Visual Brain: The Neural Basis of Visual Perception!
Visual Brain: The Neural Basis of Visual Perception!?! Human Brain: Amazing Machine! Cerebral cortex! Highest level of all sensory integration Highest level of somatic motor control Memory, association
The vestibular system: multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control
Review The vestibular system: multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control Kathleen E. Cullen Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada Understanding
OPNs. Optic Axis. Opsin Evolution. Optic Chiasm. Opsonin. Optic Flow. Optic Ataxia. Definition. Definition. Definition MARKUS LAPPE.
ptic Flow 3035 PNs ptic Axis mnipause Neurons Where we look, i.e., roughly coincidental with the line of sight. psin Evolution Evolution of Eyes ptic Chiasm psonin A terminology derived from the Greek
PSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light, air pressure)
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 33. Touch perception
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Touch perception Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light,
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE MIDTERM QUESTIONS FOR THE MIDTERM EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE MIDTERM QUESTIONS FOR THE MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1 / Lecture 1 1. Diagram a neuron and label its components. In what ways are neurons specialized for communication?
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could
What do we perceive?
THE VISUAL SYSTEM Aditi Majumder What do we perceive? Example: Switch off the light in room What we perceive Not only the property of the scene But also that of the visual system Our perception is filtered
3/2/2017. Vestibular and Visual Systems, and Considerations for Hippotherapy. Carol A. Huegel, PT, HPCS
Vestibular and Visual Systems, and Considerations for Hippotherapy Carol A. Huegel, PT, HPCS Objectives The participant will: Have an understanding of the anatomy of the vestibular system and related neuroanatomy
Monocular and Binocular Mechanisms of Contrast Gain Control. Izumi Ohzawa and Ralph D. Freeman
Monocular and Binocular Mechanisms of Contrast Gain Control Izumi Ohzawa and alph D. Freeman University of California, School of Optometry Berkeley, California 9472 E-mail: izumi@pinoko.berkeley.edu ABSTACT
The Integration of Features in Visual Awareness : The Binding Problem. By Andrew Laguna, S.J.
The Integration of Features in Visual Awareness : The Binding Problem By Andrew Laguna, S.J. Outline I. Introduction II. The Visual System III. What is the Binding Problem? IV. Possible Theoretical Solutions
Consciousness The final frontier!
Consciousness The final frontier! How to Define it??? awareness perception - automatic and controlled memory - implicit and explicit ability to tell us about experiencing it attention. And the bottleneck
The Visual System. Anatomical Overview Dr. Casagrande January 21, 2004
The Visual System Anatomical Overview Dr. Casagrande January 21, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN How the Brain Works Useful Additional Reading: Adler,
Photoreceptors Rods. Cones
Photoreceptors Rods Cones 120 000 000 Dim light Prefer wavelength of 505 nm Monochromatic Mainly in periphery of the eye 6 000 000 More light Different spectral sensitivities!long-wave receptors (558 nm)
Direction Selectivity in the Goldfish Tectum Revisited
Direction Selectivity in the Goldfish Tectum Revisited VADIM MAXIMOV, ELENA MAXIMOVA, AND PAUL MAXIMOV Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ABSTRACT:
Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur
Presentation On SENSATION Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur INTRODUCTION:- Sensation is a specialty area within Psychology that works at understanding how are senses work and how we perceive stimuli in the environment.
Visual attention and metacontrast modify latency to perception in opposite directions
Vision Research 40 (2000) 1027 1033 www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Rapid communication Visual attention and metacontrast modify latency to perception in opposite directions Kuno Kirschfeld *, Thomas Kammer
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Lecture 5: LGN and V1: Magno and Parvo streams Chapter 3 Course Information 2 Class web page: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Outline Nervous System Sensory Systems I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Biol 105 Lecture 11 Chapter 9 Senses Sensory receptors Touch Vision Hearing and balance Smell Senses Sensory receptor cells Sensory receptors
Cerebellum: little brain. Cerebellum. gross divisions
Cerebellum The anatomy of the cerebellum and its gross divisions Its principal input and output pathways The organization of the cerebellar cortex Role of climbing vs. mossy fibre input The parallel-fibre/
A THEORY OF MCCOLLOUGH EFFECT AND. CHUN CHIANG Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
A THEORY OF MCCOLLOUGH EFFECT AND CONTINGENT AFTER-EFFECT CHUN CHIANG Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica A model is advanced to explain the McCollough effect and the contingent motion after-effect.
The Origin of Downbeat Nystagmus
The Origin of Downbeat Nystagmus An Asymmetry in the Distribution of On-Directions of Vertical Gaze-Velocity Purkinje Cells SARAH MARTI, a DOMINIK STRAUMANN, a AND STEFAN GLASAUER b a Neurology Department,
The Visual System. Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004
The Visual System Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Required Reading Adler s Physiology of the Eye Chapters
Rules of apparent motion: The shortest-path constraint: objects will take the shortest path between flashed positions.
Rules of apparent motion: The shortest-path constraint: objects will take the shortest path between flashed positions. The box interrupts the apparent motion. The box interrupts the apparent motion.