Bio11: The Nervous System. The human brain. fmri scans of the brain a tool for brain mapping. MRI image of the head. Neurons carry electrical signals

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bio11: The Nervous System. The human brain. fmri scans of the brain a tool for brain mapping. MRI image of the head. Neurons carry electrical signals"

Transcription

1 Bio11: The Nervous System The human brain The brain processes and acts on information Home of intelligence Uses more energy than any other part of the body Mysteries of human brain 4:37 Cerebrum MRI image of the head Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI is a noninvasive technique for imaging anatomical structure fmri scans of the brain a tool for brain mapping Functional MRI images of metabolic activity. See what brain areas are activated by different sensations (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell) or activities (problem solving and/or movement) Neurons are unique cells Neurons carry electrical signals Can be many feet in length! Conduct electrical signals Ion channels Dendrites Cell body Axon An action potential is a brief change in electrical charge at a membrane 1

2 Some poisons block the ion channels Neurotoxins & Anesthetics Plug Gated Sodium Channels Novocaine Gated Sodium Channel Tetrodotoxin sodium potassium pumps How will this affect neuron function? Are action potentials still possible? Are resting potentials still possible? Interferes with generation of action potentials Ouabain on poison arrows of African tribesmen How will this affect neuron function? Are action potentials still possible? Are resting potentials still possible? Stimulus Like Having a Broken Power Plant (no charge created, no current possible) Like Cutting Power Transmission Lines How is the action potential passed to the next cell? Electrical signals can t cross the gap between two neurons or synapse The signal is transmitted by chemicals called neurotransmitters How does the brain work? Stored in vesicles at the end of the axon Bind to receptors on the next cell We know that different parts of the brain do different things We understand how neurons send electrical signals Cerebrum Electrical Chemical Electrical How does the brain work? Brain circuits What happens when we think? Learn? Dream? The brain is extremely complex Billions of cells in the brain Trillions of connections per cell We need a wiring diagram of the brain! How do recreational drugs work? Drugs alter the brain s reward pathway the pleasurable feelings provide positive reinforcement so that the behavior is repeated 2

3 How do drugs work? Many affect the levels of neurotransmitters by Mimicking the action of a neurotransmitter Blocking its receptor Interfering with removal of a neurotransmitter from the synapse Physiology of the high Drugs dramatically change synapses in the brain. Directly activate the brain's reward circuitry Causes a jolt of intense pleasure. The Physiology of the High Drugs of abuse activate the dopamine system in the reward pathway Cocaine Blocks reabsorption of dopamine at the synapse Dopamine remains in the synapse longer and continues to stimulate the postsynaptic cell. The user experiences a rush sensation Cocaine s effect on the brain during the crash period Red indicates that brain tissue is active Normal brain During the crash period PET scans show that the usual activity of the brain is reduced during the crash period The user is fatigued and irritable, has memory and concentration problems Cocaine causes extreme physical dependence Neurons in the brain are desensitized to dopamine Methamphetamine A synthetic drug made by adding a methyl group to amphetamine Its structure is similar to dopamine Increases stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron effect like that of cocaine 3

4 Physiology of the high Meth fools neurons into dumping lots of dopamine (blue) into the synapse, causing a surge of exhilaration. The brain s coping mechanism The meth abuser has severely reduced dopamine receptor levels (red) The brain compensates by reducing the number of dopamine receptors at the synapse. As a result, the user will need more of the drug next time they want to get high. referred to as "tolerance" Test your understanding Effects of alcohol on health Long-term use of cocaine causes an intense craving for the drug because the body has begun to make a. Less dopamine b. More dopamine c. Less anandamide d. More anandamide Binge drinking How is it defined? Do all college students binge? How does drinking affect your health? Does alcohol affect the brain? How much do you know about alcohol? T/F Alcohol is an essential nutrient. A shot of whiskey contains more alcohol than a can of beer. Your body can metabolize two alcoholic beverages per hour. Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram. Drinking too much alcohol can lead to malnutrition. Binge drinking on college campuses Almost half of college students report binge drinking What is binge drinking? consuming 5 or more drinks (male), or 4 or more drinks (female), in about 2 hours. 4

5 Alcohol affects several neurotransmitters Alcohol is a depressant Changes brain function at the synapse Increases the release of GABA, an inhibitor slower response time Decreases glutamate uncoordination, slurred speech, and memory disruption Alcohol decreases brain activity PET (positron-emission tomography) scan of the brain Yellow and red indicate the most active areas Your brain on alcohol How do drugs work? Alzheimer s disease Metabolic function of the brain Most common form of dementia Neurodegeneration Entire brain regions are demolished Destroys memory and thinking skills PET scan noninvasive test of brain function using tracers to measure metabolic activity Note the decrease in metabolic function in Alzheimer's patient Healthy Alzheimer's 5

6 Plaque marker PET scan using labeled PiB protein marker to light up amyloid plaques High levels of plaque are seen in an Alzheimer s patient But some healthy people also have high levels of plaque Alzheimer s disease Possible causes Reduced synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine Dangerous buildup of amyloid protein inflammation Breakdown of myelin in brain demyelination 5% of Americans suffer from a serious mental illness Mental illness is poorly understood Mental illness is most prevalent in women and young adults Most common problems Depression Anxiety disorders Suicide is the 2 nd leading cause of death among young adults Accidents are #1 Sapolsky on depression 1:20 How do we treat depression? Understanding mental illness Prozac blocks reabsorption Prozac and other drugs regulate the amount of neurotransmitters in the synapse Depression is linked to low levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. Drugs like Prozac block reabsorption of serotonin How can we understand, treat and even prevent mental disorders? Meet the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health, Thomas Insel increases neurotransmitter levels in the synapse. 6

Body control systems. Let s start at the top: the human brain. The Cerebrum. The human brain. What parts of your brain are you using right now?

Body control systems. Let s start at the top: the human brain. The Cerebrum. The human brain. What parts of your brain are you using right now? What parts of your brain are you using right now? Body control systems Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Movement and conscious thought; Frontal speech

More information

Body control systems. Nervous system. Organization of Nervous Systems. The Nervous System. Two types of cells. Organization of Nervous System

Body control systems. Nervous system. Organization of Nervous Systems. The Nervous System. Two types of cells. Organization of Nervous System Body control systems Nervous system Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Slower acting Longer lasting response

More information

The Brain & Homeostasis. The Brain & Technology. CAT, PET, and MRI Scans

The Brain & Homeostasis. The Brain & Technology. CAT, PET, and MRI Scans The Brain & Homeostasis Today, scientists have a lot of information about what happens in the different parts of the brain; however they are still trying to understand how the brain functions. We know

More information

Modeling Neurotransmission and Drugs. CHM 108 Lab. Spring Dr. Angela King

Modeling Neurotransmission and Drugs. CHM 108 Lab. Spring Dr. Angela King Modeling Neurotransmission and Drugs CHM 18 Lab Spring 28 Dr. Angela King Part A: How does the brain communicate? The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. This three-pound mass of gray and

More information

Bio11: The Nervous System. Body control systems. The human brain. The human brain. The Cerebrum. What parts of your brain are you using right now?

Bio11: The Nervous System. Body control systems. The human brain. The human brain. The Cerebrum. What parts of your brain are you using right now? Bio11: The Nervous System Body control systems Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Can target several organs

More information

Neurons: Structure and communication

Neurons: Structure and communication Neurons: Structure and communication http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/gall1.html Common Components of a Neuron Dendrites Input, receives neurotransmitters Soma Processing, decision Axon Transmits

More information

Neurons Chapter 7 2/19/2016. Learning Objectives. Cells of the Nervous System. Cells of the Nervous System. Cells of the Nervous System

Neurons Chapter 7 2/19/2016. Learning Objectives. Cells of the Nervous System. Cells of the Nervous System. Cells of the Nervous System Learning Objectives Neurons Chapter 7 Identify and describe the functions of the two main divisions of the nervous system. Differentiate between a neuron and neuroglial cells in terms of structure and

More information

35-2 The Nervous System Slide 1 of 38

35-2 The Nervous System Slide 1 of 38 1 of 38 35-2 The Nervous System The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. 2 of 38 Neurons Neurons The messages carried by

More information

Sincerely, Ms. Paoloni and Mrs. Whitney

Sincerely, Ms. Paoloni and Mrs. Whitney Dear Students, Welcome to AP Psychology! We will begin our course of study focusing on the nervous system with a particular emphasis on how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors. In preparation

More information

biological psychology, p. 40 The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. neuroscience, p. 40

biological psychology, p. 40 The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. neuroscience, p. 40 biological psychology, p. 40 The specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and system; also called biopsychology or psychobiology. neuroscience,

More information

To understand AD, it is important to

To understand AD, it is important to To understand AD, it is important to know a bit about the brain. This part of Unraveling the Mystery gives an inside view of the normal brain, how it works, and what happens during aging. The brain is

More information

Nervous System Notes

Nervous System Notes Nervous System Notes The nervous system consists of a network of nerve cells or neurons. I. A nervous system is an important part of a cell s (or an organism s) ability to respond to the environment. A.

More information

The Nervous System. Chapter 4. Neuron 3/9/ Components of the Nervous System

The Nervous System. Chapter 4. Neuron 3/9/ Components of the Nervous System Chapter 4 The Nervous System 1. Components of the Nervous System a. Nerve cells (neurons) Analyze and transmit information Over 100 billion neurons in system Four defined regions Cell body Dendrites Axon

More information

Division Ave. High School AP Biology. cell body. signal direction

Division Ave. High School AP Biology. cell body. signal direction signal direction Nervous system cells Neuron a nerve cell dendrites myelin sheath axon cell body dendrite cell body axon Structure fits function many entry points for signal one path out transmits signal

More information

At a Glance. Background Information. Lesson 3 Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate

At a Glance. Background Information. Lesson 3 Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate Lesson 3 Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate Overview Students build upon their understanding of neurotransmission by learning how different drugs of abuse disrupt communication between neurons. Students

More information

Neurons have cell membranes that separate them from the environment outside the neuron.

Neurons have cell membranes that separate them from the environment outside the neuron. Neural Communication Lecture 11 A. Resting Potential In this section, we will consider the basic unit of the nervous system the neuron and how neurons communicate with each other. The story of neural communication

More information

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES CHAPTER 3 1 LEARNING GOALS Discuss how the nervous system communicates internally. Describe the structure and function of neurons Describe how the neuron transmits information Describe

More information

Chapter 2 The Brain or Bio Psychology

Chapter 2 The Brain or Bio Psychology Chapter 2 The Brain or Bio Psychology 1 2 3 1 Glial Cells Surround neurons and hold them in place Make Myelin (covering for neurons) Manufacture nutrient chemicals neurons need Absorb toxins and waste

More information

Function of the Nervous System

Function of the Nervous System Nervous System Function of the Nervous System Receive sensory information, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands to form a response Composed of neurons (functional unit of the nervous system)

More information

Nervous System. Nervous system cells. Transmission of a signal 2/27/2015. Neuron

Nervous System. Nervous system cells. Transmission of a signal 2/27/2015. Neuron Nervous System 2007-2008 signal direction Neuron a nerve cell Nervous system cells dendrites axon cell body Structure fits function many entry points for signal one path out transmits signal signal direction

More information

The Nervous System. Anatomy of a Neuron

The Nervous System. Anatomy of a Neuron The Nervous System Chapter 38.1-38.5 Anatomy of a Neuron I. Dendrites II. Cell Body III. Axon Synaptic terminal 1 Neuron Connections dendrites cell body terminal cell body cell body terminals dendrites

More information

9neurotransmission: Content lessons

9neurotransmission: Content lessons Making the leap part 2 Making the leap station Cards (Laminate for re-use) Making the Leap Station 1 Neuron Structure and Function The nervous system is like an electrical network. It relays information

More information

Bio11 schedule. Chapter 13 and 14. The Nervous System. The Nervous System. Organization of Nervous Systems. Nerves. Nervous and Sensory Systems

Bio11 schedule. Chapter 13 and 14. The Nervous System. The Nervous System. Organization of Nervous Systems. Nerves. Nervous and Sensory Systems Bio11 schedule Lecture Nervous system and senses Lab Current events reports (10 pts) Urinalysis Lecture exam 2 Thursday Feb 24 Same format as before Study guide will be posted Your total points so far

More information

Modeling Effects of Drugs on Neuron Communication

Modeling Effects of Drugs on Neuron Communication Modeling Effects of Drugs on Neuron Communication How do neurons communicate? Your nervous system is made of nerve cells called neurons. Neurons do not touch each other. They are separated by a small gap

More information

9/28/2016. Neuron. Multipolar Neuron. Astrocytes Exchange Materials With Neurons. Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system)

9/28/2016. Neuron. Multipolar Neuron. Astrocytes Exchange Materials With Neurons. Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system) Neuron Multipolar Neuron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw-psbnu5xago to :38 Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system) 10X more numerous than neurons but one-tenth the size make up

More information

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling The Neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons are composed of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and organelles; Dendrites which are extensions

More information

Nervous System Review

Nervous System Review Nervous System Review Name: Block: 1. Which processes are involved in the movement of molecule Y from point X to point Z? A. exocytosis and diffusion B. endocytosis and diffusion C. exocytosis and facilitated

More information

Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition

Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Two principles about neurons were defined by Ramón y Cajal. The principle of connectional specificity states that, whereas the principle

More information

Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Synapses and Neurotransmitters Synapses and Neurotransmitters Action Potentials We have been talking about action potentials and how they allow an electrical impulse to travel from the dendrites to the end plates of a neuron. These

More information

Nervous System. Chapter Structure of the Nervous System. Neurons

Nervous System. Chapter Structure of the Nervous System. Neurons 33.1 Structure of the Neurons Neurons are specialized nerve cells that help you gather information about your environment, interpret the information, and react to it. Neurons consist of three main regions:

More information

Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer

Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer Name Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Period Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer 1. What is

More information

NEURAL TISSUE (NEUROPHYSIOLOGY) PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA

NEURAL TISSUE (NEUROPHYSIOLOGY) PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA Neural Tissue Contains 2 kinds of cells: neurons: cells that send and receive signals neuroglia (glial cells): cells that support and protect neurons Neuron Types Sensory

More information

Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior

Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior John Nyby Department of Biological Sciences Lehigh University What is a drug? Difficult to define Know it when you see it Neuroactive vs Non-Neuroactive drugs Two major types

More information

Nervous System, Neuroanatomy, Neurotransmitters

Nervous System, Neuroanatomy, Neurotransmitters Nervous System, Neuroanatomy, Neurotransmitters Neurons Structure of neurons Soma Dendrites Spines Axon Myelin Nodes of Ranvier Neurons Structure of neurons Axon collaterals 1 Neurons Structure of neurons

More information

Physical and Physiological Aspects of Drug Use and Abuse

Physical and Physiological Aspects of Drug Use and Abuse Question 1: What are neurons and neurotransmitters? Answer 1: A neuron is a nerve cell. It is estimated that there are 100 billion neurons in the average human brain (Levinthal, 2008). Neurons receive

More information

Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind

Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind The Nervous System (pp. 55-58) 1. What are nerves? 2. Complete the diagram below with definitions of each part of the nervous system. Nervous System

More information

Cell communication. Gated ion channels. Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open

Cell communication. Gated ion channels. Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open increase decrease Cell communication Gated ion channels Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open Triggered by: potential change, chemical binding, temperature change, stretching 1 Voltage-Gated

More information

Cell communication. Gated ion channels. Voltage-Gated Na + Channel. Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open

Cell communication. Gated ion channels. Voltage-Gated Na + Channel. Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open increase decrease Cell communication Gated ion channels Allow specific ions to pass only when gates are open Voltage-Gated Na + Channel Activation gate ECF Triggered by: change, chemical binding, temperature

More information

Chapter 3. Biological Processes

Chapter 3. Biological Processes Biological Processes Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Biological Solutions Communicating internally Initiating and coordinating behavior Regulating growth and other internal functions

More information

BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE

BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE 1 Name: BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE Date: 1) Identify structures X, Y and Z and give one function of each. 2) Which processes are involved in the movement of molecule Y from point X to point Z?

More information

Psychology in Your Life

Psychology in Your Life Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology 1 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2.1 How Do Our Nervous Systems Affect

More information

Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology

Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology V edit. Pg. 99-131 VI edit. Pg. 85-113 VII edit. Pg. 87-113 Input Zone Dendrites and Cell body Nucleus Trigger Zone Axon hillock Conducting Zone Axon (may be from 1mm to more

More information

The Nervous System Mark Stanford, Ph.D.

The Nervous System Mark Stanford, Ph.D. The Nervous System Functional Neuroanatomy and How Neurons Communicate Mark Stanford, Ph.D. Santa Clara Valley Health & Hospital System Addiction Medicine and Therapy Services The Nervous System In response

More information

Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour Section 1: Communication in the Nervous System Section 2: Organization in the Nervous System Section 3: Researching the Brain Section 4: The Brain Section 5: Cerebral

More information

1. What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous system? Neurons and Glial Cells

1. What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous system? Neurons and Glial Cells Biological Psychology Basic Structure of a Neuron 1. What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous system? Neurons and Glial Cells a. Cells that process incoming signals and respond by sending out

More information

NEUROCHEMISTRY Brief Review

NEUROCHEMISTRY Brief Review NEUROCHEMISTRY Brief Review UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS YEAR V SEMINAR VJ Temple 1 Membrane potential Membrane potential:

More information

Activity 1: Connections

Activity 1: Connections Neurobiology: Activity 1 Page 1 of 2 Activity 1: Connections Based on video content 15 minutes (10 minutes before and 5 minutes after the video) Setup Neurobiology is all about connections. So, to begin

More information

Organization of the nervous system. [See Fig. 48.1]

Organization of the nervous system. [See Fig. 48.1] Nervous System [Note: This is the text version of this lecture file. To make the lecture notes downloadable over a slow connection (e.g. modem) the figures have been replaced with figure numbers as found

More information

Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology

Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology http://compbio.uchsc.edu/hunter/bio5099 Larry.Hunter@uchsc.edu Nervous system development Part of the ectoderm

More information

AP Biology Unit 6. The Nervous System

AP Biology Unit 6. The Nervous System AP Biology Unit 6 The Nervous System Branches of the Nervous System There are 2 main branches of the nervous system Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System All nerves leading

More information

Chapter 12 Nervous System Review Assignment

Chapter 12 Nervous System Review Assignment Name: Class: Date: Chapter 12 Nervous System Review Assignment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which part of a neuron receives an impulse

More information

The Nervous System. Chapter 35: Biology II

The Nervous System. Chapter 35: Biology II The Nervous System Chapter 35: Biology II Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: the study of structure Physiology: The study of how living organisms function, including such processes as nutrition, movement,

More information

Acetylcholine (ACh) Action potential. Agonists. Drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters.

Acetylcholine (ACh) Action potential. Agonists. Drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine (ACh) The neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming. (See

More information

Learning Intention. Name and describe the components of a neuron

Learning Intention. Name and describe the components of a neuron c) Neural Pathways Learning Intention Name and describe the components of a neuron Cells of the Nervous System The nervous system consists of a complex network of nerve cells called neurons which receive

More information

Unit III. Biological Bases of Behavior

Unit III. Biological Bases of Behavior Unit III Biological Bases of Behavior Module 9: Biological Psychology and Neurotransmission Module 10: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems Module 11: Studying the Brain, and Other Structures Module 12: The

More information

PMT. Explain the importance of reflex actions (3) Page 1 of 19

PMT. Explain the importance of reflex actions (3) Page 1 of 19 Q1. When a finger accidentally touches a hot object, a reflex action occurs. The biceps muscle contracts, causing the arm to be flexed and the finger is pulled away. The diagram shows the arrangement of

More information

Neurons, Synapses and Signaling. Chapter 48

Neurons, Synapses and Signaling. Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses and Signaling Chapter 48 Warm Up Exercise What types of cells can receive a nerve signal? Nervous Organization Neurons- nerve cells. Brain- organized into clusters of neurons, called

More information

The Nervous System II Neurons

The Nervous System II Neurons The Nervous System II Neurons Review Nervous System What is it? The system that receives, processes, stores and transmits information that comes from various parts of the body and the external world. Composed

More information

NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES 34.3

NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES 34.3 NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES 34.3 NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES Neurons communicate with other neurons or target cells at synapses. Chemical synapse: a very narrow

More information

Axon Nerve impulse. Axoplasm Receptor. Axomembrane Stimuli. Schwann cell Effector. Myelin Cell body

Axon Nerve impulse. Axoplasm Receptor. Axomembrane Stimuli. Schwann cell Effector. Myelin Cell body Nervous System Review 1. Explain a reflex arc. 2. Know the structure, function and location of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron 3. What is (a) Neuron Axon Nerve impulse Axoplasm Receptor

More information

1. Name the two major divisions of the nervous system and list the organs within each. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

1. Name the two major divisions of the nervous system and list the organs within each. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES 1. Name the two major divisions of the nervous system and list the organs within each. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Cranial

More information

Introduction to Neurobiology

Introduction to Neurobiology Biology 240 General Zoology Introduction to Neurobiology Nervous System functions: communication of information via nerve signals integration and processing of information control of physiological and

More information

Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.

Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate. Section 1: How Organ Systems Communicate KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate. VOCABULARY nervous system central nervous system (CNS)

More information

Name: Period: Test Review: Chapter 2

Name: Period: Test Review: Chapter 2 Name: Period: Test Review: Chapter 2 1. The function of dendrites is to A) receive incoming signals from other neurons. B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. C) coordinate

More information

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed.,

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by B.-W. Ku,

More information

Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com)

Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction At synapses, ions move across cell membranes through

More information

Branches of the Nervous System

Branches of the Nervous System The Nervous System Branches of the Nervous System There are 2 main branches of the nervous system Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System All nerves leading to rest of body Anatomy

More information

Lesson 14. The Nervous System. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1

Lesson 14. The Nervous System. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Lesson 14 The Nervous System Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Structures and Functions of Nerve Cells The nervous system has two principal cell types: Neurons (nerve cells) Glia The functions

More information

Version A. AP* Biology: Nervous System. Questions 1 and 2. Name: Period

Version A. AP* Biology: Nervous System. Questions 1 and 2. Name: Period Name: Period Version A AP* Biology: Nervous System Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in

More information

Warm-Up. Label the parts of the neuron below.

Warm-Up. Label the parts of the neuron below. Warm-Up Label the parts of the neuron below. A B C D E F G Warm-Up 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List

More information

What is a stimulus? A2 Unit 5: Survival and response Organisms increase their chances of survival by responding to changes in their environment.

What is a stimulus? A2 Unit 5: Survival and response Organisms increase their chances of survival by responding to changes in their environment. A2 Unit 5: Survival and response Organisms increase their chances of survival by responding to changes in their environment. What is a stimulus? A stimulus is a change in the internal or external environment

More information

Cell body, axon, dendrite, synapse

Cell body, axon, dendrite, synapse SOME BASIC NEUROSCIENCE Neurons have specialised extensions 1: Label the parts of a neuron by selecting the correct term from the box below. Cell body, axon, dendrite, synapse 1 dendrite synapse cell body

More information

Notes are online at The Neuron

Notes are online at  The Neuron Notes are online at http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~clovett/neuronotescogs17.pdf A. What is a neuron? The Neuron 1. A neuron is a type of cell that receives and transmits information in the Central Nervous System

More information

Anatomy of a Neuron. Copyright 2000 by BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. Permission granted for classroom use. Master 2.1

Anatomy of a Neuron. Copyright 2000 by BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. Permission granted for classroom use. Master 2.1 Anatomy of a Neuron Master 2.1 Neurons Interact With Other Neurons Through Synapses Master 2.2 How Do Neurons Communicate? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Master 2.3 Neurons Communicate by Neurotransmission Neurons communicate

More information

Nerve Cell Communication

Nerve Cell Communication Nerve Cell Communication Core Concept: Nerve cells communicate using electrical and chemical signals. Class time required: Approximately 40 minutes if Part 4 is completed for homework. Teacher Provides:

More information

Recreational Chemistry

Recreational Chemistry Recreational Chemistry Well I'm fading away And I can't find the way to the door So I'll sit here on my bed all day While I'm whiling away The best part of a day on the floor I'll sit here on my head all

More information

Neurobiology of Addiction JeanAnne Johnson Talbert, DHA, APRN BC, FNP, CARN AP

Neurobiology of Addiction JeanAnne Johnson Talbert, DHA, APRN BC, FNP, CARN AP Neurobiology of Addiction JeanAnne Johnson Talbert, DHA, APRN BC, FNP, CARN AP Disclosures This speaker has no conflicts of interest to disclose Objectives Define drug abuse and addiction Identify the

More information

Organization of the nervous system. The withdrawal reflex. The central nervous system. Structure of a neuron. Overview

Organization of the nervous system. The withdrawal reflex. The central nervous system. Structure of a neuron. Overview Overview The nervous system- central and peripheral The brain: The source of mind and self Neurons Neuron Communication Chemical messengers Inside the brain Parts of the brain Split Brain Patients Organization

More information

Introduction. Visual Perception Aditi Majumder, UCI. Perception is taken for granted!

Introduction. Visual Perception Aditi Majumder, UCI. Perception is taken for granted! Introduction Visual Perception Perception is taken for granted! Slide 2 1 Perception is very complex Perceive Locate Identify/Recognize Different objects Their relationship with each other Qualitative

More information

Fig Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Fig Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 48.1 Fig. 48.2 Axon endings are called synaptic terminals. They contain neurotransmitters which conduct a signal across a synapse. A synapse is the junction between a presynaptic and postsynaptic

More information

Activity 2 The Brain and Drugs

Activity 2 The Brain and Drugs Activity 2 The Brain and Drugs Core Concept: Addictive drugs affect signaling at the synapses in the reward pathway of the brain. Class time required: Approximately 40-60 minutes Teacher Provides: For

More information

Recreational Pharmaceuticals

Recreational Pharmaceuticals Recreational Pharmaceuticals Pulse Check 2013 Presenter: Doug Wildermuth Working Definition of Drug Any substance, which when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of that person. On something?

More information

Overview of Neurons. Psychology 470. Introduction to Chemical Additions. Neurons2. Axons and Related Structures. Structures

Overview of Neurons. Psychology 470. Introduction to Chemical Additions. Neurons2. Axons and Related Structures. Structures Soma Collateral Overview of Neurons Psychology 470 Axon Hillock Teleodendria Introduction to Chemical Additions Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Node of Ranvier Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides

More information

Chapter 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Chapter 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems Chapter 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems AP Curriculum Alignment Chapter 37 presents a comparative and evolutionary analysis of the gradual increase in complexity of the nervous system. This information

More information

UNIT 3 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. - DIVISIONs - THE NEURON

UNIT 3 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. - DIVISIONs - THE NEURON UNIT 3 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - DIVISIONs - THE NEURON CHARACTERISTICS COMPLEXITY: nerve cells connecting allow you to do EVERYTHING you will ever do INTEGRATION: brain pulls all information you get together

More information

6.5 Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis

6.5 Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis 6.5 Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis IB Biology SL Part 1 - Nerves Outcomes Part 1 6.5.1State that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerves, and is composed

More information

Guided Reading Activities

Guided Reading Activities Name Period Chapter 28: Nervous Systems Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Nervous system structure and function Answer the following questions as you read modules 28.1 28.2: 1. Your taste receptors for

More information

H. An electrical signal travel down the dendrite.

H. An electrical signal travel down the dendrite. Nervous System Group Activity Objectives: To be able to describe the nervous system structure and function To understand how neurons communicate using both electrical and chemical signals To know how the

More information

Objectives. ! Describe the major structures of the nervous system. ! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted.

Objectives. ! Describe the major structures of the nervous system. ! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted. Objectives! Describe the major structures of the nervous system.! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted.! Distinguish between the functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.! Identify

More information

D) around, bypassing B) toward

D) around, bypassing B) toward Nervous System Practice Questions 1. Which of the following are the parts of neurons? A) brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column B) dendrite, axon, and cell body C) sensory and motor D) cortex, medulla

More information

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by B.-W. Ku,

More information

2. When a neuron receives signals, an abrupt, temporary the inside becomes more positive in the polarity is generated (an action potential).

2. When a neuron receives signals, an abrupt, temporary the inside becomes more positive in the polarity is generated (an action potential). Chapter 34 Integration and Control: Nervous Systems I. Neurons The Communication Specialists A. Functional Zones of a Neuron 1. The contains the nucleus and metabolic machinery for protein synthesis. 2.

More information

NERVOUS SYSTEM C H A P T E R 2 8

NERVOUS SYSTEM C H A P T E R 2 8 NERVOUS SYSTEM C H A P T E R 2 8 CAN AN INJURED SPINAL CORD BE FIXED? Injuries to the spinal cord disrupt communication between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body

More information

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Station 9 : THE SPINAL CORD

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Station 9 : THE SPINAL CORD Station 9 : THE SPINAL CORD The spinal cord is a long thin bundle of nerve cells that extends from the medulla of the brainstem all the way down the vertebral column. The spinal cord is made up of gray

More information

2Lesson. Outline 3.2. Lesson Plan. The OVERVIEW. Lesson 3.2: How do our neurons communicate with each other? LESSON. Unit1.2

2Lesson. Outline 3.2. Lesson Plan. The OVERVIEW. Lesson 3.2: How do our neurons communicate with each other? LESSON. Unit1.2 Outline OVERVIEW Rationale: This lesson is intended to introduce students to the process of synaptic transmission, which is how one neuron communicates with another neuron. Using the pain pathway as a

More information

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Homeostasis Strand

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Homeostasis Strand THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Homeostasis Strand Introduction In general, a nervous system has three overlapping functions : 1. Sensory input conduction of signals from sensory receptors to integration centres 2.

More information

Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.

Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl. Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc) ** There are a number of ion channels introducted in this topic

More information

5-Nervous system II: Physiology of Neurons

5-Nervous system II: Physiology of Neurons 5-Nervous system II: Physiology of Neurons AXON ION GRADIENTS ACTION POTENTIAL (axon conduction) GRADED POTENTIAL (cell-cell communication at synapse) SYNAPSE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NEURAL INTEGRATION CNS

More information

Ion Channels (Part 2)

Ion Channels (Part 2) Ion Channels (Part 2) Graphics are used with permission of : adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc) -57- Quiz Question #2: Ion Channels This question asks

More information