number Done by Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi
|
|
- Brook Hines
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 number 11 Done by Lojayn Salah Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi
2 The last thing we talked about in the previous lecture was the effect of a drug at a particular dose, and we took this equation: E= Emax C C+EC50 Also we took some concepts related to Graded dose-responses curve which are Potency and Efficacy In this lecture we are going to talk about another explanation or model of how drugs interact with receptors. There is a new theory which better describes the drug receptor interaction, the theory is called Two state model of drug-receptor interaction. This model postulates that a receptor, regardless of the presence or absence of a ligand, exists in two distinct conformational states, in one state, the receptor is active (Ra), in the other conformation, it is inactive (Ri). The two conformations are at equilibrium. This model or theory was postulated because receptors can do effect with absence of binding to any agonist, in another way, certain receptors has a certain degree of constitutive activity; which means activity done by the receptor itself. The recognition of constitutive activity may depend on the receptor density, the concentration of coupling molecules (in the case of a coupled system), and the number of effectors in the system. Thermodynamic considerations indicate that even in the absence of any agonist, some of the receptor pool must exist in the Ra form some of the time and may produce the same physiologic effect as agonist induced activity. The receptor spends energy to stay in the Ra or in the Ri conformations, it keeps changing its structure between the two forms until it finds a more
3 suitable relaxed position. That means at certain time, part of the receptor will be in the active conformation activating the cellular response even without the presence of a ligand. However, the equilibrium will be shifted by ligands that preferentially bind to one or the other conformation. So what happens when a ligand (agonist or antagonist) binds to the receptor? Ligands behavior in the two-state model: Drugs are categorized according to their intrinsic activity and resulting Emax values into: (Full Agonist, Partial Agonists, Inverse Agonists and Antagonists) each one of them affects the equilibrium in a different way. Agonists effect: let s take the doctor s example to simplify the idea: Let us suppose that there is a researcher who writes a lot of papers, if she was standing behind the table and trying to write on the computer at the same time, it will be so hard for her to write, in the other hand, if she was setting without a chair (bending her knees), she will be able to write but she won t feel comfortable, now let s say she got a chair and she was writing while setting on the chair, now she will be more effective in writing papers because she feels comfortable. That s what the drug (the agonist) does, the drug presents the doctors chair, it makes it more easy for the receptor to stay in the active form conformation, meaning that the receptor will need less energy to reach the active conformation, so the receptor will stay in that conformation for a longer period of time and there would be more activation. Now, what did we mean when we said that there is a drug that is partial/full agonist? Back to the chair example.. Let s say I bought a very expensive chair, and it was so comfortable, for sure I will be relaxed and I would write probably pages in one hour, in the other hand, If I bought a 10 dollars chair I will write maybe 5 pages then I will stop because I m not feeling comfortable.
4 That is the difference between the full agonist (the comfortable chair) which will give me 20 pages of writing (full response or maximum response) and partial agonist (the other chair) which will give me 3-5 pages (25-50% of the maximum response). So, Full Agonist: is a drug when it binds to a receptor it will produce a maximal biological response that mimics the response to the endogenous ligand, full agonists bind only to the active conformation (Ra) of the receptor and stabilizes it in that conformation, so it has and intrinsic activity (efficacy Emax) of one; because it produces complete activation of a receptor at high drug concentrations. Partial Agonist: Partial Agonist cannot produce the same Emax as full agonist even if all the receptors are occupied. Question: Can the partial Agonist act as antagonist of the full agonist? When a receptor is exposed to both a partial agonist and full agonist, the partial agonist may act as an antagonist of the full agonist, it will prevent the full agonist from binding to the receptor. Let s say my full agonist is Epinephrine, it gives me the maximum response to shift the equilibrium toward the active form, if I give the patient pindolol which is a partial agonist it will compete with epinephrine on the binding site, so the Emax ( the degree of response) will be less.
5 What about the Antagonist? Antagonist: is a drug or a chemical that resembles the agonist in some way, but what it does, it binds to a receptor with high affinity without activating it or affecting the equilibrium, it just prevents the agonist-receptor binding. antagonist has no effect in the absence of an agonist, but can decrease the effect of an agonist when present. We can say it is a neutral antagonist; because it won t make any effect, but physiologically the effect may be reversed. Question: Why Neutral Antagonists doesn t change the conformation? Importat Because by definition it binds to the receptor, it takes the agonist place and prevents the agonist binding, so it has an inhibitory effect but it doesn t shift the equilibrium/ conformation. *** We have another Antagonist called Inverse Agonist which is a drug that binds to the receptor and directs or shifts it more toward the inactive conformation, it s not neutral antagonist. Why did we call it an agonist while its affect is antagonism, although it's not a neutral antagonist? Because we are talking about a drug that binds to a receptor and changes the equilibrium, but you should remember that it is an agonist that inverses the action and the effect, it brings it more toward the inactive conformation. When can we see an inverse agonist? We do not see a lot of inverse agonists, because they just bind with the high constitutive activity receptors (receptor that gives an effect without the presence of ligands), stabilize them and shift receptors equilibrium towards the inactive state and reducing the level of basal activity. While in drugs with low constitutive activity there wouldn t be any effect. An example about inverse agonists is the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it binds to GABA receptors which are chloride channels and causes its activation, the activation of the channel will make it open for chloride ions. Activation of the GABA receptor by GABA neurotransmitter will cause suppression on the central nervous system that s why it s one of the
6 inhibitory NT. GABA receptors have high constitutive activity, even in the absence of the ligand it will give the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system which leads to drowsiness and depression, all of that effects are seen without the presence of GABA neurotransmitter, so I can use a drug that binds to the GABA receptors and shift it more to the inactive form (closed form). We said that GABA receptor might work without the neurotransmitter, in the same time GABA NT is always found in the brainm so GABA receptor can be activated for some period of time even in the absence of the ligand. NOTE: Most of the receptors don t have high constitutive activity, so their effect with the absence of a ligand will be almost zero Antagonism may occur in two ways: 1) Competitive Antagonists: both the antagonist and the agonist bind on the same site on the receptor in a reversible manner, the competitive antagonist prevents an agonist from binding to its receptor. 2) Irreversible Antagonists: They bind covalently to the active site of the receptor, thereby reducing the number of receptors available to the agonist. Have a quick revision of a previous concept so you can link it with the current one: There are two types of Dose-response curves: 1) Graded curve: - measured in a single biologic unit. - Continuous scale ( dose effect) - Relates dose to intensity of effect. 2) Quantal curve: we re going to talk about it later in this sheet. What would be the effect of Competitive & Irreversible Antagonists on the Dose-response curve? Competitive Antagonists will shift the agonist dose-response curve to the right (increasing EC50) without affecting Emax. - EC50 will increase and the potency will decrease, because in the presence of the competitive antagonist there will be another drug competing the agonist
7 on the receptor, so the chance for the agonist to bind will be less, in this case I will need to increase the concentration of the agonist to get 50% of the Emax. - There would be no effect on the Emax because when I increase the drugs concentration the chance to reach the same Emax will still be available for the receptors. **Potency is a description while EC50 is a value. Irreversible Antagonists will decrease the Emax without changing the EC50. - It will decrease the Emax because it will decrease the number of receptors available, it will bind irreversibly to the receptor and it won t get out even if the drug concentration increases, and as we said before Emax depends on the number of receptors. Example: the antihypertensive drug phenoxybenzamine which binds irreversibly to α1- adrenergic receptors (receptors needed for vasoconstriction) if there is inhibition or antagonism for that receptors, vasodilation will occur, so the effect of phenoxybenzamine on the dose-response curve of norepinephrine is shown as decrement in the Emax without changing the EC50. Quantal Dose-response curve: - Population studies. - All or none pharmacologic effect. - Relates dose to frequency of effect.
8 In the previous lecture when we talked about Acetyl choline we saw that when we increase the concentration there would be a graded response in the muscle contraction. In the other hand, in quantal dose-response the effect is either having contraction or not. How do we plot the curve? We compare the dose of the drug with the percentage of individuals who gave the response. For example: If I m doing a study on section 1 and I give each student Ibuprofen, then I calculated the number of students who responded to the drug and how many still feel the pain. Let s say if 30% said the pain has gone for one pill of ibuprofen (2.5 mg), I can increase the dose until I reach a dose which gives me a response in 100% of the population. ** I cannot do this for all drugs, because of toxicity, so usually in some drugs researchers try different doses on animals. - Quantal dose-response curve gives a measure for drug safety. Let s say I have a drug with toxicity and I need to determine the safest dose that can be administered by human beings without causing toxicity, I can go ahead and do quantal dose-response curve on an animal decide what is the safest dose. - Morphine (drug works on the central nervous system) has many side effects such as respiratory depression, researchers did studies on rats to see at which level (dose) Morphine will be toxic then they plotted the curve (Quantal doseresponse curve) that presents drug concentration (dose of the drug) versus number of rats who gave the therapeutic response (the response of death), so this curve made them decide what is the safest dose of Morphine drug.
9 There is measure called Therapeutic Index (TI) which is a measure for the safety of the drugs, it s defined as the ratio of the dose produces toxicity in half the population (TD50) to the dose that produces a clinically desired or effective response in half the population (ED50): TI = TD50 ED50 ** ED50 is an indication for number of patients that gave the response, which is the dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit specific effect. The difference between EC50 and ED50 : - We see EC50 in graded dose-response curve while ED50 is in the Quantal dose-response curve. - In EC50, C indicates the concentration of drug seen in the plasma, while D in ED50 is the dose given to the patient. If you want to know if the curve is talking about population or response, you have to know what is your (Y axis) is individual percentage or response percentage. Question: which one of the following curves is better? The curve on the right is the more preferable because we need the therapeutic window to be large because it gives you the chance yo increase the concentration without reachin even 1% of toxicity. Don t forget to refer back to the slides Best of luckkkk Lojayn Salah
Pharmacodynamics. Dr. Alia Shatanawi
Pharmacodynamics Dr. Alia Shatanawi Drug Receptor Interactions Sep-17 Dose response relationships Graduate dose-response relations As the dose administrated to single subject or isolated tissue is increased,
More informationReceptor Occupancy Theory
Pharmacodynamics 1 Receptor Occupancy Theory The Law of Mass Action Activation of membrane receptors and target cell responses is proportional to the degree of receptor occupancy. Assumptions: Association
More informationAssem Al Refaei. Sameer Emeish. Sameer Emeish. Alia Shatnawi
5 Assem Al Refaei Sameer Emeish Sameer Emeish Alia Shatnawi Sheet Checklist: - Lock And Key Model Explanation. - Specificity, Selectivity And Sensitivity Explanation. - Spare And Orphan Receptors. - Features
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationDrug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics
Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics Dr. Raz Mohammed MSc Pharmacology School of Pharmacy 22.10.2017 Lec 6 Pharmacodynamics definition Pharmacodynamics describes the actions of a drug on the
More informationPHARMACODYNAMICS II QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF DRUGS. Ali Alhoshani, B.Pharm, Ph.D. Office: 2B 84
PHARMACODYNAMICS II QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF DRUGS Ali Alhoshani, B.Pharm, Ph.D. ahoshani@ksu.edu.sa Office: 2B 84 Quantitative aspects of drugs By the end of this lecture, you should: Determine quantitative
More informationConcentration of drug [A]
Pharmacology Semester 1 page 1 of 5 PHARMACODYNAMICS 1 Receptor occupancy - mass action The interaction of a drug with a receptor is reversible due to interactions via weak bonds (not covalent). [A] +
More informationLife History of A Drug
DRUG ACTION & PHARMACODYNAMIC M. Imad Damaj, Ph.D. Associate Professor Pharmacology and Toxicology Smith 652B, 828-1676, mdamaj@hsc.vcu.edu Life History of A Drug Non-Specific Mechanims Drug-Receptor Interaction
More informationPharmacology. Biomedical Sciences. Dynamics Kinetics Genetics. School of. Dr Lindsey Ferrie
Pharmacology Dynamics Kinetics Genetics Dr Lindsey Ferrie lindsey.ferrie@ncl.ac.uk MRCPsych Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology School of Biomedical Sciences Dynamics What the drug does to the body What
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 9 Done by Nazek Hyasat Corrected by Bahaa Najjar & mohammed AL-shrouf Doctor Alia Shatnawi HOW DO DRUGS WORK??? You know that receptors are targeted by drugs, the question now is how do these drugs
More informationPHARMACODYNAMICS II. The total number of receptors, [R T ] = [R] + [AR] + [BR] (A = agonist, B = antagonist, R = receptors) = T. Antagonist present
Pharmacology Semester 1 page 1 of 5 PHARMACODYNAMICS II Antagonists Are structurally similar to the binding site of a receptor and thus show affinity towards the receptor. However, they have zero intrinsic
More informationnumbe r Done by Corrected Docto Alia Shatnawi
numbe r 9 Done by Nazek Hyasat Corrected Bahaa Najjar & mohammed AL-shrouf Docto Alia Shatnawi HOW DO DRUGS WORK??? You know that receptor targets by the drugs, the question now how these drugs work on
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi
number 10 Done by Mohammad Shatnawi Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi Agonist: a drug or a molecule that binds to a receptor and causes the activation of the receptor, exp: adrenaline is an agonist for
More informationFundamentals of Pharmacology
Fundamentals of Pharmacology Topic Page Receptors 2 Ion channels / GABA 4 GPCR s 6 TK receptors 8 Basics of PK 11 ADR s / Clinical study design 13 Introduction to the ANS 16 Cholinergic Pharmacology 20
More informationJanuary 25, Introduction to Pharmacology
January 25, 2015 Introduction to Pharmacology Edward Fisher, Ph.D., R.Ph. Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Director MS Clinical Psychopharmacology University of Hawaii at Hilo College
More informationNeurotransmitter Systems II Receptors. Reading: BCP Chapter 6
Neurotransmitter Systems II Receptors Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the most important chemical
More informationReceptors. Dr. Sanaa Bardaweel
Receptors Types and Theories Dr. Sanaa Bardaweel Some terms in receptor-drug interactions Agonists: drugs that mimic the natural messengers and activate receptors. Antagonist: drugs that block receptors.
More informationPharmacodynamics. Prof. Dr. Öner Süzer Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics Prof. Dr. Öner Süzer Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology www.onersuzer.com Last updated: 13.05.2010 English Pharmacology Textbooks 2 2 1 3 3
More informationDania Ahmad. Tamer Barakat + Dania Ahmad. Faisal I. Mohammed
16 Dania Ahmad Tamer Barakat + Dania Ahmad Faisal I. Mohammed Revision: What are the basic types of neurons? sensory (afferent), motor (efferent) and interneuron (equaled association neurons). We classified
More informationReceptor pharmacology in neuroscience prac3ce Lecture 1: basic terms, experimental approaches and caveats
Receptor pharmacology in neuroscience prac3ce Lecture 1: basic terms, experimental approaches and caveats Neuroscience 201A, October 22nd, 2015 Ionotropic vs. metabotropic neurotransmider receptors What
More informationPHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work!
PHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work Drug: a chemical that affects physiological function in a specific way. Endogenous substances: hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies, genes. Exogenous substances:
More informationOverview of Pharmacodynamics. Psyc 472 Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs. Pharmacodynamics. Effects on Target Binding Site.
Pharmacodynamics Overview of Pharmacodynamics Psychology 472: Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs Generally is defined as effects of drugs on a systems Can be associated with any system Neural, Heart, Liver,
More informationLojayn Salah. Razan Aburumman. Faisal Muhammad
20 Lojayn Salah Razan Aburumman Faisal Muhammad Note: I tried to include everything that's important from the doctor's slides but you can refer back to them after studying this sheet.. After you read this
More informationPharmacodynamics Dr. Iman Lec. 2
Pharmacodynamics Dr. Iman Lec. 2 Inverse agonist: drug that produces effects which are opposite to those of the agonist, e.g. β carbolines bind to benzodiazepine receptor leading to stimulation and anxiety
More informationOur goal in this section is to explain a few more concepts about experiments. Don t be concerned with the details.
Our goal in this section is to explain a few more concepts about experiments. Don t be concerned with the details. 1 We already mentioned an example with two explanatory variables or factors the case of
More informationAn Update on BioMarin Clinical Research and Studies in the PKU Community
An Update on BioMarin Clinical Research and Studies in the PKU Community Barbara Burton, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Director of PKU Clinic, Children
More informationLearning Objectives. How do drugs work? Mechanisms of Drug Action. Liam Anderson Dept Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology
How do drugs work? Mechanisms of Drug Action Liam Anderson Dept Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Learning Objectives Describe the potential drug targets within a human body. Describe the role of receptors,
More informationDOCTOR: The last time I saw you and your 6-year old son Julio was about 2 months ago?
DOCTOR: The last time I saw you and your 6-year old son Julio was about 2 months ago? MOTHER: Um, ya, I think that was our first time here. DOCTOR: Do you remember if you got an Asthma Action Plan? MOTHER:
More informationLippincott Questions Pharmacology
Lippincott Questions Pharmacology Edition Two: Chapter One: 1.Which one of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Weak bases are absorbed efficiently across the epithelial cells of the stomach. B. Coadministration
More informationLecture 1 and 2 ONE. Definitions. Pharmacology: the study of the interaction of drugs within living systems
Lecture 1 and 2 ONE 1. Explain what pharmacology encompasses and how it relates to other disciplines 2. Discuss the types of drug target and the factors that influence the binding of drugs to these targets
More informationChapter 5 subtitles GABAergic synaptic transmission
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 5 subtitles GABAergic synaptic transmission INTRODUCTION (2:57) In this fifth chapter, you will learn how the binding of the GABA neurotransmitter to
More informationPATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY- BASED PHARMACOLOGY MOLECULAR-BASED APPROACHES: RECEPTOR AGONISTS, ANTAGONISTS, ENZYME INHIBITORS
PharmaTrain Cooperative European Medicines Development Course (CEMDC) Budapest, October, 2017 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY- BASED PHARMACOLOGY MOLECULAR-BASED APPROACHES: RECEPTOR AGONISTS, ANTAGONISTS,
More informationGeneral Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology
General Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology Parisa Gazerani, Pharm D, PhD Assistant Professor Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University
More informationLecture no. 7. There are four major families of receptors that are responsible for drug responses:
Sunday 7/10/2012 Pharmacology Lecture no. 7 There are four major families of receptors that are responsible for drug responses: 1. Ligand gated ion receptors: Channels across the plasma membrane that bind
More informationNEUROTRANSMITTERS. Contraction of muscles to move our bodies Release hormones Psychological states of thinking and emotions
NEUROTRANSMITTERS NEURONS Neurons don t actually touch Separated by a tiny fluid-filled gap called a synapse Neural impulses must be ferried across the synapse by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
More informationOur plan for giving better care to people with dementia Oxleas Dementia
Our plan for giving better care to people with dementia Oxleas Dementia 2013-2016 November 2013 1 Contents 1. What is our plan about? 2. Finding out if someone has dementia 3. Finding out the care and
More informationReceptors Families. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Receptors Families Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Receptor Families 1. Ligand-gated ion channels 2. G protein coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-linked
More informationPharmacodynamics. OUTLINE Definition. Mechanisms of drug action. Receptors. Agonists. Types. Types Locations Effects. Definition
Pharmacodynamics OUTLINE Definition. Mechanisms of drug action. Receptors Types Locations Effects Agonists Definition Types Outlines of Pharmacodynamics Antagonists Definition Types Therapeutic Index Definition
More informationDrug + Receptor Drug receptor complex Biologic effect
1 Pharmacodynamics Lecture(5) I. OVERVIEW Most drugs exert their effects, both beneficial and harmful, by interacting with receptors that is, specialized target macromolecules present on the cell surface
More informationAlcohol Antagonists 1
Alcohol Antagonists 1 What is an alcohol antagonist? An alcohol antagonist is a drug that specifically blocks the effects of alcohol. If you take an alcohol antagonist and then drink a bunch of alcohol,
More informationChemistry 106: Drugs in Society Lecture 16: An Introduction to the Modern View of Drug Effect 5/04/18
Chemistry 106: Drugs in Society Lecture 16: An Introduction to the Modern View of Drug Effect 5/04/18 By the end of this session, you should be able to 1. Develop a sense of scale between the individual
More informationBasics of Pharmacology
Basics of Pharmacology Pekka Rauhala Transmed 2013 What is pharmacology? Pharmacology may be defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the function of living systems Pharmacodynamics The mechanism(s)
More informationFeeling. Thinking. My Result: My Result: My Result: My Result:
Source of Energy [P]erception of Info [J]udgment of Info External Lifestyle Where You Process How You Inform How You Make How Others See Your Decision-Making Extraverted intuitive Feeling Judging Introvert
More informationMeeting a Kid with Autism
What s up with Nick? When school started, we had a new kid named Nick. He seemed a little different. My friends and I wondered, What's up with Nick? Turns out, Nick has autism. What is Autism This year,
More informationPHA2022. Pharmacology considers: - Pharmacotherapy: o Drug-response relationship o Selectivity of action o Structure-action relationship.
PHA2022 Pharmacology considers: - Pharmacotherapy: o Drug-response relationship o Selectivity of action o Structure-action relationship Lecture 1 ONE 1. Define the terms pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
More informationUSMLE Step 1 - Problem Drill 14: Pharmacology
USMLE Step 1 - Problem Drill 14: Pharmacology Question No. 1 of 10 1. shift dose response curves to the right, decrease potency and increase the EC50. Question #01 (A) Receptors (B) Non-competitive antagonists
More informationGeneral Pharmacology MCQs
General Pharmacology MCQs GP01 [Mar96] A drug is given at a dose of 50 mg/kg to a 70 kg man. The plasma concentration after giving it is 10 mg/ml. The elimination half-life is 8 hours. Clearance would
More informationImmune response. This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it.
Immune response This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it. It s highly recommended to watch Dr Najeeb s lecture that s titled T Helper cells and
More informationGood evening doctors..
Good evening doctors.. Dr Malek started a quick revision about last lecture s topics, I noticed that much was mentioned in the previous sheet but these are the main points that were emphasized on. GABA
More informationStrength and Balance Exercise Manual. Building Confidence and Reducing Falls in Older Adults. Lindy Clemson Megan Swann Jane Mahoney
Building Confidence and Reducing Falls in Older Adults Strength and Balance Exercise Manual Lindy Clemson Megan Swann Jane Mahoney 3rd North American edition Exercises BALANCE AND STRENGTH EXERCISES TO
More informationChoosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions. Health Care 3: Partnering In My Care and Treatment
Choosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions Health Care 3: Partnering In My Care and Treatment This page intentionally left blank. Session Aims: Partnering In My Care and Treatment
More informationMohammad Tarek. Wahab Al-tekreeti Tamer Barakat. Faisal Mohammad
15 Mohammad Tarek Wahab Al-tekreeti Tamer Barakat Faisal Mohammad Things to remember Types of synapse: Neuron types and neurotransmitters When it happens between an axon and dendrites it is called axodendritic
More information18 INSTRUCTOR GUIDELINES
STAGE: Ready to Quit You are a community pharmacist and have been approached by a 16-year-old girl, Nicole Green, who would like your advice on how she can quit smoking. She says, I never thought it would
More informationMITOCW watch?v=nx76xs_4fre
MITOCW watch?v=nx76xs_4fre The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To
More informationAttention and Concentration Problems Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Patient Information Booklet. Talis Consulting Limited
Attention and Concentration Problems Following Traumatic Brain Injury Patient Information Booklet Talis Consulting Limited What are Attention and Concentration? Attention and concentration are two skills
More information9. The phenomenon that occurs upon taking additional doses of acetaminophen for pain when a 100 percent response has been attained is called A.
1 Student: 1. The main source of new drugs derived today is: A. Synthetic sources B. Animal sources C. Plant sources D. Mineral sources 2. The nonproprietary name of a medication is also known as the:
More informationWhy Is Mommy Like She Is?
Why Is Mommy Like She Is? A Book For Kids About PTSD Deployment Edition Patience H. C. Mason Patience Press High Springs, Florida PP Patience Press 2010 by Patience Mason All rights reserved. No part of
More informationLesson 9 Anxiety and Relaxation Techniques
The following presentation was originally developed for individuals and families by Achieva (a Western PA service provider). Now offered as a webcast production, ODP is providing this valuable resource
More informationRegular physical activity is the best tool to improve health and wellbeing. The SAIL Home Activity Program has 3 levels: Reasons to Move Your Body
Regular physical activity is the best tool to improve health and wellbeing. The SAIL Home Activity Program has 3 levels: level 1: Sitting level 2: Standing level 3: Moving Your health care provider has
More informationMaking Your Treatment Work Long-Term
Making Your Treatment Work Long-Term How to keep your treatment working... and why you don t want it to fail Regardless of the particular drugs you re taking, your drugs will only work when you take them.
More informationThe Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain Webquest
The Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain Webquest Part 1: Click here to begin ( might need a laptop not ipad) Complete this chart. Focus on what you DON T REMEMBER FROM HEALTH CLASS. If you know
More informationStiff Shoulder Tips for decreasing your pain and increasing movement
Patient Education Tips for decreasing your pain and increasing movement Your stiff shoulder may be painful and limit your movement. There are many causes of shoulder stiffness. Most times stretching exercises
More informationQuick Read Series. Information for people with seizure disorders
Quick Read Series Information for people with seizure disorders 2003 Epilepsy Foundation of America, Inc. This pamphlet is designed to provide general information about epilepsy to the public. It does
More informationChemistry 106: Drugs in Society Lecture 19: How do Drugs Elicit an Effect? Interactions between Drugs and Macromolecular Targets 11/02/17
Chemistry 106: Drugs in Society Lecture 19: How do Drugs Elicit an Effect? Interactions between Drugs and Macromolecular Targets 11/02/17 Targets for Therapeutic Intervention: A Comparison of Enzymes to
More informationCoach on Call. Letting Go of Stress. A healthier life is on the line for you! How Does Stress Affect Me?
Coach on Call How Does Stress Affect Me? Over time, stress can affect the way you feel, think, and act. You need some time when you are free of stress. You need ways to get relief from stress. Without
More informationOral Health and Dental Services report
Oral Health and Dental Services report The Hive and Healthwatch have been working in partnership to gain an insight from the learning disabled community about Oral Health and Dental Services. Their views
More informationHEPATITIS C LESSONS PART 4
PURPOSE To help group members understand who they should tell and who they may want to tell about their condition. Also includes strategies for telling people. FACTS ABOUT TELLING PEOPLE YOU HAVE HEPATITIS
More informationSynapses and Neurotransmitters
Synapses and Neurotransmitters Action Potentials We have been talking about action potentials and how they allow an electrical impulse to travel from the dendrites to the end plates of a neuron. These
More information3. Which word is an antonym
Name: Date: 1 Read the text and then answer the questions. Stephanie s best friend, Lindsey, was having a birthday in a few weeks. The problem was that Stephanie had no idea what to get her. She didn t
More information9 INSTRUCTOR GUIDELINES
STAGE: Ready to Quit You are a clinician in a family practice group and are seeing 16-yearold Nicole Green, one of your existing patients. She has asthma and has come to the office today for her yearly
More informationMBios 478: Systems Biology and Bayesian Networks, 27 [Dr. Wyrick] Slide #1. Lecture 27: Systems Biology and Bayesian Networks
MBios 478: Systems Biology and Bayesian Networks, 27 [Dr. Wyrick] Slide #1 Lecture 27: Systems Biology and Bayesian Networks Systems Biology and Regulatory Networks o Definitions o Network motifs o Examples
More informationd). Draw the following neural circuits (using the notation taught in class) and then say what would happen if they were stimulated as specified.
1. The neuropsychology of perception. a). Describe the process in which a neural impulse travel down one axon, making sure to specify chemical substances involved and how that affects the charge within
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1-1 Chapter Highlights 1. This Manual is for You 2. What is Scleroderma? 3. Who gets Scleroderma? 4. What are the Early Symptoms of Scleroderma? 5. Is All Scleroderma the
More informationWHEN COPD* SYMPTOMS GET WORSE
WHEN COPD* SYMPTOMS GET WORSE Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has no ownership interest in any other organization that advertises or markets its disease management products and services. *Includes
More informationAllosteric Modulation
Allosteric Modulation David Hall, GlaxoSmithKline Topics What is an allosteric modulator? How do allosteric modulators behave? Build up theory from known properties Use theory to predict & qualify behaviours
More informationChoosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions. Substance Use Risk 5: Drugs, Alcohol, and HIV
Choosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions Substance Use Risk 5: This page intentionally left blank. Session Aims: (70 Minutes) To understand the health consequences of drugs and
More informationCAN T WE ALL JUST GET ALONG?
CAN T WE ALL JUST GET ALONG? Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to Improve Workplace Relations Sara Vancil and Janet Dodson, Fall 2013 RMASFAA Preferences Can you sign your name? What is a preference?
More informationBeattie Learning Disabilities Continued Part 2 - Transcript
Beattie Learning Disabilities Continued Part 2 - Transcript In class Tuesday we introduced learning disabilities and looked at a couple of different activities that are consistent and representative of
More informationAsthma and COPD Awareness
Asthma and COPD Awareness Molina Breathe with Ease sm and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Molina Healthcare of Washington Fall 2012 Importance of Controller Medicines Asthma is a disease that causes
More informationDefine the term pharmacodynamics and identify which drug characteristics are pharmacodynamic characteristics.
Week 1: Introduction Learning Objectives What is Pharmacology? The study of drugs Drug = anything that is administered to a person in order to bring about a therapeutic or diagnostic effect or control
More informationAction Potentials and Synaptic Transmission. BIO 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Action Potentials and Synaptic Transmission BIO 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Review of action potentials Nodes of Ranvier Nucleus Dendrites Cell body In saltatory conduction, the nerve impulses
More informationagonistic Summation: additive Potentiation synergism :
25 Two common types of agonistic drug interactions are : 1. Summation: When two drugs with similar mechanisms are given together, they typically produce additive effects. 2. Potentiation or synergism :
More informationThe Next 32 Days. By James FitzGerald
The Next 32 Days By James FitzGerald The CrossFit OPENS are here again. It seems like a few months ago we were all making the statements - THIS will be the year of training Only to see those months FLY
More informationSelection at one locus with many alleles, fertility selection, and sexual selection
Selection at one locus with many alleles, fertility selection, and sexual selection Introduction It s easy to extend the Hardy-Weinberg principle to multiple alleles at a single locus. In fact, we already
More informationStandard Deviation and Standard Error Tutorial. This is significantly important. Get your AP Equations and Formulas sheet
Standard Deviation and Standard Error Tutorial This is significantly important. Get your AP Equations and Formulas sheet The Basics Let s start with a review of the basics of statistics. Mean: What most
More informationChoosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions. Substance Use Risk 2: What Are My External Drug and Alcohol Triggers?
Choosing Life: Empowerment, Action, Results! CLEAR Menu Sessions Substance Use Risk 2: What Are My External Drug and Alcohol Triggers? This page intentionally left blank. What Are My External Drug and
More informationS A DDL EB A C K ED U C A T IO N A L P U BL ISHING
It Does Matter Chapter 1 Laine walked to school. Tess was with her. Tess was Laine s best friend. And Tess was in her English class. Tess didn t share any other classes with Laine. But they did have lunch
More informationStay Fit While You Sit: 10 Simple Exercises for Sewers
Published on Sew4Home Stay Fit While You Sit: 10 Simple Exercises for Sewers Editor: Liz Johnson Friday, 05 May 2017 1:00 There is a lot of sitting involved in sewing, which can lead to aches and pains
More informationZaid sarhan. Osama Al-Ghafri ... Dr.nayef karadsheh
16 Zaid sarhan Osama Al-Ghafri... Dr.nayef karadsheh ALL THE FIGUERS IN THIS SHEET ARE VERY IMPORTANT AND USEFUL, PLEASE DON T SKIP THEM. Glycogen phosphorylase kinase = GPK // glycogen phosphorylase=gp
More informationChapter 6 subtitles postsynaptic integration
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 6 subtitles postsynaptic integration INTRODUCTION (1:56) This sixth and final chapter deals with the summation of presynaptic currents. Glutamate and
More informationBack Pain Myths & Facts
Back Pain Myths & Facts 888.901.PAIN Myth 1: No pain, no gain Contrary to the thought process of many of those who work out, there is no evidence that supports the notion that you need to feel pain in
More informationYou probably don t spend a lot of time here, but if you do, you are reacting to the most basic needs a human has survival and protection.
Emotional Eating Food Diary An emotional eating food diary will take some work on your part. You can dismiss it because you don t feel like doing it or you don t think it will help. However, if you choose
More informationPharmacologic Principles. Dr. Alia Shatanawi
Pharmacologic Principles Dr. Alia Shatanawi Definitions Drug: It is any chemical that affect living processes. It modifies an already existing function, and does not create a new function. 2 What is Pharmacology?
More informationMental Wellbeing in Norfolk and Waveney
Mental Wellbeing in Norfolk and Waveney Shaping the Future What you told us and what happens now Easy Read Version 1 What is in this document? Page 3 6: What is this document about? Pages 7 10: What you
More informationHepatitis C: Get the Facts. a workbook
Hepatitis C: Get the Facts a workbook Inspired by and Dedicated to: the OASIS Volunteer Staff TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 What is hepatitis? 3 What does the liver do? 5 Where is the liver located? 7 What is cirrhosis?
More informationwe ve got fine tuning possibilities, and that s certainly possible with modifying the enzymes that synthesize or degrade the endogenous cannabinoids
The CCIC Podcast February 24, 2015 This month: Prof. Steve Alexander Interview by Dr. Mark A. Ware www.ccic.net/podcast Introduction Hello and welcome to the CCIC Podcast. The CCIC Podcast is a series
More informationPalliative Care: Improving quality of life when you re seriously ill.
Palliative Care The Relief You Need When You re Experiencing the Symptoms of Serious Illness Palliative Care: Improving quality of life when you re seriously ill. Dealing with the symptoms of any painful
More informationOmar Ismail. Dana Almanzalji. Faisal Mohammad
11 Omar Ismail Dana Almanzalji Faisal Mohammad Neuronal classification: Neurons are responsible for transmitting the action potential to the brain. The speed at which the action potential is transmitted
More information-Mohammad Ashraf. -Anas Raed. -Alia Shatnawi. 1 P a g e
-1 -Mohammad Ashraf -Anas Raed -Alia Shatnawi 1 P a g e Dr. Alia started the lecture by talking about subjects we are going to cover through this course; you can refer to the record if you are interested.
More informationInterview with Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abou-Donia, Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA at London on
Interview with Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abou-Donia, Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA at London on 18.05.2011 Q: What are the major findings in regard to your recent study? AD: We had a test, where
More information