Chapter 9 Nervous System
|
|
- Warren Simmons
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 9 Nervous System Introduction: A. The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. 1. Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other neurons. 2. Nerves are made up of bundles of nerve fibers or axons. 3. Neuroglia aid and protect components of the nervous system divisions: central nervous system (CNS), the brain and spinal cord Nervous System Functions: sensory, integrative, and motor. (think pair share: 3 types of sensory input and 3 types of motor responses) peripheral nervous system (PNS), made up of peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. (Think pair share: come up with 3 main roles neurons can play) 3 1. Motor functions somatic nervous system: conscious control autonomic nervous system: Unconscious control Sympathetic: Fight or flight Parasympathetic: at rest 4 Supporting cells A. Neuroglial Cells 1. fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis. 4 in the CNS and 1 in the PNS
2 Microglial cells -phagocytosis Oligodendrocytes form myelin Schwann Cell Astrocytes provide nutrients, aid metabolism, structural support respond to brain injury by filling in spaces. Ependymal cells line ventricles, form choroid plexuses Schwann cells form myelin in PNS 7 8 Classification of Neurons grouped two ways: Structural 1- structural differences (bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar neurons), 2- functional differences (sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons) Structural classification 1. Bipolar neurons Sensory neurons: eyes, nose, ears 2. Unipolar neurons - in ganglia outside the CNS - sensory neurons 3. Multipolar neurons - brain and spinal cord - interneurons - motor neurons 4. Sensory (afferent ) neurons usually unipolar, some are bipolar. conduct impulse from body to CNS 5. Interneurons - multipolar conduct impulse between neurons 6. Motor (efferent) neurons - multipolar Conduct impulse from CNS to body
3 Neuron Structure Nerve fibers = one axon, many dendrites. dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body. axons transmit the impulse away from the cell body Larger axons are enclosed by sheaths of myelin provided by Schwann cells = myelinated. Nodes of Ranvier = gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells White matter in the CNS is due to myelin sheaths in this area. gray matter is unmyelinated nerve tissue in the CNS The smallest axons lack a myelin sheath and are unmyelinated fibers. 17 Nerve Impulse physiology 1- cells keep positive charge outside, negative charge inside = membrane potential. controlling ion concentrations. 2- Sodium/Potassium pumps create concentration gradient for Na+ and K+ ions. cause membrane potential. depolarization (flow of + ions into cell) caused by stimulation to neuron. 18 3
4 19 20 Summation: = depolarizations pile up on each other. (Like 2 small waves becoming a larger one) Threshold: the amount of stimulation needed to cause an action potential to fire. Action Potential: Rapid depolarization of cell membrane caused by the opening of Na+ channels. (Nerve Impulse) Nerve Impulse Conduction speed 1. Unmyelinated fibers = slow Conduct impulses over entire membrane. 2. Myelinated fibers = fast conduct impulses from node to node Nerve Impulse: rippling of action potentials down an 21 axon. 22 The Synapse The junction (space) between two neurons. way of controlling impulse transmission Where many drugs take action Where neurotransmitters released Synaptic Transmission process where impulse in presynaptic neuron transmitted across synapse to postsynaptic neuron
5 Figure 9.13 Synaptic Transmission 1- impulse reaches synaptic knob (end of axon) 2- synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft. (synapse) 3- Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) 4- if Threshold stimulus is reached, action potential triggered 5- Nerve impulse travels to cell body and down axon Neurotransmitters At least 50 kinds Most made in synaptic knobs stored in synaptic vesicles. Ex: Acetylcholine = neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle actions. Nerve Pathways routes nerve impulses travel simplest is a reflex arc. Reflex Arcs sensory receptor - sensory neuron interneuron (in spinal cord ) - motor neuron - effector. Serotonin deficits associated with depression (SSRI-medications Zoloft, Paxil, Prozac) Serotonin reuptake inhibitors Reflexes automatic, subconscious response to stimuli Maintain homeostasis (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) responses = vomiting, sneezing, swallowing, etc. knee-jerk reflex (patellar tendon reflex) sprain protection monosynaptic reflex (no interneuron). withdrawal reflex Injury protection sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons. At the same time, antagonistic extensor muscles inhibited
6 Meninges Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord between bone and soft tissues. 1- Dura mater: outermost, is made of tough, white, dense connective tissue, contains many blood vessels. forms the inner periosteum of skull bones. In some areas, forms partitions between lobes of the brain in others, forms dural sinuses arachnoid mater, Middle membrane, thin & lacks blood vessels. does not follow convolutions of brain. subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia maters contains cerebrospinal fluid Pia Matter: Innermost is thin and contains many blood vessels and nerves. Spinal Cord extends to the level of the intervertebral disk between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. is attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows their contours
7 37 38 Structure of the Spinal Cord 31 segments, each gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves. cervical enlargement gives rise to nerves leading to the upper limbs, lumbar enlargement gives rise to those innervating the lower limbs Two deep longitudinal grooves (anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus) divide the cord into right and left halves. 4. White matter, made up of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers (nerve tracts), surrounds a butterflyshaped core of gray matter housing interneurons. Functions of the Spinal Cord two major functions: transmit impulses to and from the brain house spinal reflexes. 5. A central canal contains cerebrospinal fluid
8 Brain A. The brain is the largest, most complex portion of the nervous system, containing 100 billion multipolar neurons. B. can be divided into the cerebrum (largest portion and associated with higher mental functions), the diencephalon (processes sensory input), the cerebellum (coordinates muscular activity), and the brain stem (coordinates and regulates visceral activities) Cerebrum 1. largest portion of the mature brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres. 2. A deep ridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum connects the hemispheres. 3. The surface of the brain is marked by convolutions, sulci,andfissures. Copyright The McGaw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4. The lobes are named according to the bones they underlie and include the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and the insula. 5. A thin layer of gray matter, the cerebral cortex, lies on the outside of the cerebrum and contains 75% of the cell bodies in the nervous system Beneath the cortex lies a mass of white matter made up of myelinated nerve fibers connecting the cell bodies of the cortex with the rest of the nervous system
9 Functions of the Cerebrum 1. provides higher brain functions, such as interpretation of sensory input, initiating voluntary muscular movements, memory, and integrating information for reasoning. Hemisphere Dominance a. Both cerebral hemispheres function in receiving and analyzing sensory input and sending motor impulses to the opposite side of the body. b. Most people exhibit hemisphere dominance for the language-related activities of speech, writing, and reading c. The left hemisphere is dominant in 90% of the population, although some individuals have the right hemisphere as dominant, and others show equal dominance in both hemispheres. d. The non-dominant hemisphere specializes in nonverbal functions and controls emotions and intuitive thinking. Diencephalon 1. The diencephalon lies above the brain stem and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. 2. The thalamus functions in sorting and directing sensory information arriving from other parts of the nervous system, performing the services of both messenger and editor The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis by: regulating heart rate and arterial blood pressure, body temperature, water and electrolyte balance, hunger and body weight, movements and secretions of the digestive tract, growth and reproduction, and sleep and wakefulness. Brain Stem 1. consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. lies at the base of the cerebrum, and connects the brain to the spinal cord
10 Midbrain a. located between the diencephalon and pons, contains bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that convey impulses to and from higher parts of the brain, and masses of gray matter that serve as reflex centers. b. contains centers for auditory and visual reflexes Pons a. lies between the midbrain and medulla oblongata, transmits impulses between the brain and spinal cord, and contains centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing. Medulla Oblongata a. transmits all ascending and descending impulses between the brain and spinal cord. b. Functions include: heart rate control, blood pressure control, works along with the pons to control the rate and depth of breathing and is associated with coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting Cerebellum 1. The cerebellum is made up of two hemispheres connected by a vermis. 2. The cerebellum functions to integrate sensory information about the position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscle activity and maintains posture. Peripheral Nervous System A. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial and spinal nerves that arise from the central nervous system and travel to the remainder of the body. B. The PNS is made up of the somatic nervous system that oversees voluntary activities, and the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary activities
11 C. Cranial Nerves 1. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves arise from the underside of the brain, most of which are mixed nerves. 2. The 12 pairs are designated by number and name and include the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigenimal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves Refer to Figure 9.31 and Table 9.6 for cranial nerve number, name, type, and function. D. Spinal Nerves 1. Thirty-one pairs of mixed nerves make up the spinal nerves. 2. Spinal nerves are grouped according to the level from which they arise and are numbered in sequence, beginning with those in the cervical region. 3. Each spinal nerve arises from two roots: a dorsal, or sensory, root, and a ventral, or motor, root The main branches of some spinal nerves form plexuses. 5. Cervical Plexuses a. The cervical plexuses lie on either side of the neck and supply muscles and skin of the neck. 6. Brachial Plexuses a. The brachial plexuses arise from lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves and lead to the upper limbs
12 7. Lumbrosacral Plexuses a. The lumbrosacral plexuses arise from the lower spinal cordandleadtothelower abdomen, external genitalia, buttocks, and legs. Autonomic Nervous System A. maintains homeostasis of visceral activities without conscious effort. B. General Characteristics 1. two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, exert opposing effects on target organs. parasympathetic operates under normal conditions. 67 sympathetic operates under conditions of stress or emergency. 68 Autonomic Nerve Fibers motor pathways include two fibers: preganglionic fiber that leaves the CNS postganglionic fiber that innervates the effector. Sympathetic Division Fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, and synapse in paravertebral ganglia close to the vertebral column. Postganglionic axons lead to an effector organ Parasympathetic Division Fibers arise from the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse in ganglia close to the effector organ
13 Autonomic Neurotransmitters Preganglionic fibers of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions release acetylcholine. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are cholinergic fibers and release acetylcholine Sympathetic postganglionic fibers are adrenergic and release norepinephrine. The effects of these two divisions, based on the effects of releasing different neurotransmitters to the effector, are generally antagonistic. Determine what action some of your organs would have if they were sympathetically stimulated verses parasympathetically stimulated. (Ex. What happens in the pancreas? Blood vessels? Intestines?) Control of Autonomic Activity largely controlled by reflex centers in the brain and spinal cord. The limbic system and cerebral cortex alter the reactions of the autonomic nervous system through emotional influence
Chapter 9. Nervous System
Chapter 9 Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) vs. Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) CNS Brain Spinal cord PNS Peripheral nerves connecting CNS to the body Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Neurons transmit
More informationNervous System. Human Anatomy & Physiology P. Wilson
Nervous System Human Anatomy & Physiology P. Wilson 1 2 Types of cells in the nervous system: Neurons & Neuroglial cells Neuroglial (aka glial) cells perform functions that are vital to neurons by filling
More informationUnit Three. The brain includes: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, & cerebellum. The brain lies within the cranial cavity of the skull.
Human Anatomy & Physiology 11 Divisions of the Nervous System Karen W. Smith, Instructor Unit Three BRAIN & SPINAL CORD Refer to the following URLs. Be sure to study these along with your book. http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nervous.html
More informationHole s Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Hole s Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology David Shier Jackie Butler Ricki Lewis Created by Dr. Melissa Eisenhauer Trevecca Nazarene University Amended by John Crocker Chapter 9 1 Chapter 9 Nervous
More informationCentral N.S. Peripheral N.S. 2) List the functional subdivisions. 1) List the anatomical subdivisions.
S T U D Y G U I D E 8 1. Divisions of the Nervous System 1) List the anatomical subdivisions. Central N.S. Peripheral N.S. 2) List the functional subdivisions. Somatic N.S. Autonomic N.S. 2. Nerve Tissue
More informationNervous and Endocrine System Exam Review
Directions: Read each question and complete the statement using the multiple choice responses I. Nervous System 1. The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function
More informationNeurology study of the nervous system. nervous & endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis
Nervous System Neurology study of the nervous system nervous & endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis Nervous System works very fast Uses electrical signals called nerve impulses Short-lived
More informationaction potential afferent neuron Weblike; specifically, the weblike middle layer of the three meninges. arachnoid astrocytes autonomic nervous system
action potential A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber. afferent neuron Nerve cell that carries impulses
More informationChapter 17 Nervous System
Chapter 17 Nervous System 1 The Nervous System Two Anatomical Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Two Types of Cells Neurons Transmit nerve impulses
More informationPrimary Functions. Monitor changes. Integrate input. Initiate a response. External / internal. Process, interpret, make decisions, store information
NERVOUS SYSTEM Monitor changes External / internal Integrate input Primary Functions Process, interpret, make decisions, store information Initiate a response E.g., movement, hormone release, stimulate/inhibit
More informationThe neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
More informationWeek 7 and 8 Master Worksheet
The Nervous System Week 7 and 8 Master Worksheet 1. Complete the chart regarding the 3 functions of the nervous system: Sensory input What does it do? Integration Motor output 2. Complete the chart: Component
More informationChapter 8 Nervous System
Chapter 8 Nervous System Two message centers: Functions of these systems: 1. * 2. * Overview of the Nervous System Parts: General Functions: Functions Sensory input: Sensation via nerves Integration: interpretation
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
More informationNervous System - PNS and CNS. Bio 105
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More information3/15/17. Outline. Nervous System - PNS and CNS. Two Parts of the Nervous System
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More informationNOTES CHAPTER 9 (Brief) The Nervous System LECTURE NOTES
NOTES CHAPTER 9 (Brief) The Nervous System LECTURE NOTES I. Divisions of the Nervous System two major divisions A. Central Nervous System (CNS) 1. brain 2. spinal cord B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
More informationChapter 17. Nervous System Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands. !
Chapter 17 Sensory receptor Sensory input Integration Nervous System Motor output Brain and spinal cord Effector cells Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) 28.1 Nervous systems
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function
More informationFunctional Organization of the Central Nervous System
Functional Organization of the Central Nervous System Hierarchical orgnization CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord The brain analyzes and interprets the information Response messages are
More informationNervous System and Brain Review. Bio 3201
Nervous System and Brain Review Bio 3201 Dont worry about: glial cells Oligodendrocytes Satelite cells etc Nervous System - Vital to maintaining homeostasis in organisms - Comprised of : brain, spinal
More informationLaboratory Manual for Comparative Anatomy and Physiology Figure 15.1 Transparency Master 114
Neuron Capillary Astrocyte Microglial cell Neuron Fluid-filled cavity Process of oligodendrocyte Ependymal cells Brain or spinal cord tissue Myelin sheath Nerve fibers Figure 15.1 Transparency Master 114
More informationBIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended.
BIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended. 1. This figure depicts a typical neuron. What structures
More informationUnit 3 : Nervous System
Unit 3 : Nervous System Mind Map Structural Classification The nervous Tissue Disorders of The nervous system Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System The brain Spinal Cord Sensory
More informationChapter 7 Nervous System
Chapter 7 Nervous System Two message centers: Functions of these systems: 1. * 2. * Overview of the Nervous System Parts: General Functions: Functions Sensory input: Sensation via nerves Integration: interpretation
More informationThe nervous system regulates most body systems using direct connections called nerves. It enables you to sense and respond to stimuli
The nervous system regulates most body systems using direct connections called nerves. It enables you to sense and respond to stimuli The basic function of nervous system are: Receive sensory input internal
More informationInstructor s Review for Final Exams. The Nervous System
Instructor s Review for Final Exams The Nervous System Divisions of the Central Nervous System? Brain and spinal cord. Key word, central. Divisions of the nervous system Central and Peripheral Coverings
More informationCHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system.
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS OBJECTIVES: 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system. NERVOUS CENTRAL NERVOUS (BRAIN & SPINAL CORD) (INTERNEURONS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS (CRANIAL
More information1. 01/20/15 Ch 8: Muscular System /09/15 Ch 9: Nervous System 16
Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 1. 01/20/15 Ch 8: Muscular System 1 2. 02/09/15 Ch 9: Nervous System 16 i 1 Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Ch 9 Nervous System.notebook 02/09/15 Ch. 9 Nervous System
More informationBiology 3201 Unit 1: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium II
Biology 3201 Unit 1: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium II Ch. 12 The Nervous System (Introduction and Anatomy) The Nervous System - Introduction Cells, tissues, organs and organ systems must maintain a biological
More informationThe Nervous System. Chapter 9
The Nervous System Chapter 9 Objectives To identify the basic structure of a neuron. To explain the main components of the nervous system. To compare and contrast the central nervous system and the peripheral
More informationBrain Stem. Nervous System (Part A-3) Module 8 -Chapter 14
Nervous System (Part A-3) Module 8 -Chapter 14 Overview Susie Turner, M.D. 1/9/13 Cellular structure of the nervous system Neurons Neuroglia Nervous System Divisions Central nervous system Peripheral nervous
More informationDendrites Receive impulse from the axon of other neurons through synaptic connection. Conduct impulse towards the cell body Axon
Dendrites Receive impulse from the axon of other neurons through synaptic connection. Conduct impulse towards the cell body Axon Page 22 of 237 Conduct impulses away from cell body Impulses arise from
More informationChapter 9. Nervous System
Chapter 9 Nervous System 1 9.1 Introduction A. The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. 1. Neurons transmit nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons. 2. Neurons typically have
More informationBellringer: The central nervous system is comprised of: What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Brain. b.
Bellringer: The central is comprised of: a. Brain b. Spinal cord c. Sensory receptors d. Both a and b What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Arachnoid d. Pons
More informationNervous System CHAPTER 9. Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc.
Nervous System CHAPTER 9 Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. Neurons and Supporting Cells Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. 2 Communication and Control Systems nervous system endocrine system uses chemicals
More informationACTIVITY2.15 Text:Campbell,v.8,chapter48 DATE HOUR NERVOUS SYSTEMS NEURON
AP BIOLOGY ACTIVITY2.15 Text:Campbell,v.8,chapter48 NAME DATE HOUR NERVOUS SYSTEMS NEURON SIMPLE REFLEX RESTING POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL GRAPH TRANSMISSION ACROSS A SYNAPSE QUESTIONS:
More informationNervous System: An Introduction. HAP Susan Chabot Lemon Bay High School
Nervous System: An Introduction HAP Susan Chabot Lemon Bay High School Function of the Nervous System 3 overlapping functions SENSORY INPUT - Monitor changes inside and outside of the body; these changes
More informationNervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Unit 7b
Nervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Unit 7b Chetek High School Mrs. Michaelsen 9.12 Meninges A. Meninges 1. The organs of the CNS are covered by membranes a. The meninges are divided into 3 layers:
More informationGood Morning! Take out your notes and vocab 1-10! Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Good Morning! Take out your notes and vocab 1-10! Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input gathering information To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body (changes = stimuli) 2.
More informationThe Nervous System. Functions of the Nervous System input gathering To monitor occurring inside and outside the body Changes =
The Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System input gathering To monitor occurring inside and outside the body Changes = To process and sensory input and decide if is needed output A response to integrated
More informationCHAPTER 13&14: The Central Nervous System. Anatomy of the CNS
CHAPTER 13&14: The Central Nervous System Anatomy of the CNS in human consists of brain and spinal cord as stated earlier neurons have little support from their extracellular matrix and depend on glial
More informationLesson 14. The Nervous System. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 14 The Nervous System Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Structures and Functions of Nerve Cells The nervous system has two principal cell types: Neurons (nerve cells) Glia The functions
More informationThe Nervous System PART A
7 The Nervous System PART A PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Structural Classification
More information8.3 The Central Nervous System. SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau
8.3 The Central Nervous System SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau The Central Nervous System the structural and functional centre for the entire nervous system the site of neural integration and processing The Central
More informationHuman Anatomy. Autonomic Nervous System
Human Anatomy Autonomic Nervous System 1 Autonomic Nervous System ANS complex system of nerves controls involuntary actions. Works with the somatic nervous system (SNS) regulates body organs maintains
More informationChapter 14: Nervous System Guided Notes (A-day)
Chapter 14: Nervous System Guided Notes (A-day) Nervous System Overview Major Function: Control the body's and. Divided into the Nervous System (CNS=Brain and Spinal Cord) and the Nervous System (PNS=Cranial
More informationThe Nervous System An overview
Nervous System The Nervous System An overview Includes Nerve tissue Sense organs Functions to Sense environment Process information it receives Respond to information 1 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education,
More informationNervous system. Made up of. Peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system. The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system.
Made up of The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system Nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Brain Spinal Cord Cranial nerve Spinal nerve branch from the brain connect
More informationThe Nervous System & Nervous tissue. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
The Nervous System & Nervous tissue Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of the Nervous System 1. Nervous system and endocrine system are the chief control centers in maintaining body homeostasis. 2. Nervous
More informationII. Nervous System (NS) Organization: can be organized by location/ structure or by function A. Structural Organization 1. Central N.S.
Nervous System I. Nervous system Functions A. Detect Changes in the environment (stimuli) B. Interpret/evaluate those stimuli C. Initiate responses (trigger muscle contractions or glandular response) II.
More information1. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. FUNCTION The major function of the nervous system can be summarized as follows (Figure 1-1).
1. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION The major function of the nervous system can be summarized as follows (Figure 1-1). Sensory input. Multiple signals from both, internal and external environment are detected
More informationPeripheral Nervous system messages via spinal and cranial nerves
Biol 067: Section 13 - Nervous System A. Overview of the nervous system: 1. 2 parts of the Nervous System: Nervous system Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 2. How CNS and PNS
More informationCentral Nervous System Practical Exam. Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells. 1. Please identify the flagged structure.
Central Nervous System Practical Exam Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells 1. Please identify the flagged structure. 2. Please identify the flagged structure. 3. Please identify the flagged structure. 4. A
More informationChapter 7 The Nervous System
Chapter 7 The Nervous System Fxns of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input gathering information To monitor Δs occurring inside and outside the body (Δs = stimuli) 2. Integration to process and interpret
More informationNervous Systems: Diversity & Functional Organization
Nervous Systems: Diversity & Functional Organization Diversity of Neural Signaling The diversity of neuron structure and function allows neurons to play many roles. 3 basic function of all neurons: Receive
More informationmeninges Outermost layer of the meninge dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater membranes located between bone and soft tissue of the nervous system
membranes located between bone and soft tissue of the nervous system meninges Outermost layer of the meninge dura mater middle layer of the meninges, contains no blood vessels arachnoid mater Innermost
More informationHuman Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed,
More informationBiology 3201 Nervous System #2- Anatomy. Components of a Nervous System
Biology 3201 Nervous System #2- Anatomy Components of a Nervous System In any nervous system, there are 4 main components: (1) sensors: gather information from the external environment (sense organs) (2)
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 17 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Overview of the Nervous System (p. 537) 1. The nervous system and the endocrine system are the body s major control and integrating centers.
More informationChapter 12 Nervous System Written Assignment KEY
Chapter 12 Nervous System Written Assignment KEY 1. Describe, in correct order, the events that occur during the transmission of a nerve impulse (action potential) as it travels from point X to point Y.
More informationSHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Exam Name 1) A change in the conditions in the synaptic terminal can influence the soma as a result of axoplasmic transport. 2) The nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. A) efferent
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 37. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 37 35-3 Divisions of the Nervous 2 of 37 The Nervous The human nervous system has two major divisions: central nervous system peripheral nervous system 3 of 37 The Central Nervous The Central
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 7 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 7 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Introduction The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental
More informationBody control systems. Nervous system. Organization of Nervous Systems. The Nervous System. Two types of cells. Organization of Nervous System
Body control systems Nervous system Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Slower acting Longer lasting response
More informationDO NOW. Look over the skeletal muscle hand out for the quiz. 10 minutes. Tamesha Damarian. Fredericho. Fatoumata Briana. Donald. Keniya. Torey.
Diamond Victoria Desmond Period 8 TV/board Tamesha Kamilla Jassiem Damarian Fatoumata Briana Alexandria Rhema Janaisha Regina Diane Keniya Fredericho Donald Torey DO NOW Look over the skeletal muscle hand
More informationUnit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour
Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour Section 1: Communication in the Nervous System Section 2: Organization in the Nervous System Section 3: Researching the Brain Section 4: The Brain Section 5: Cerebral
More informationDispose of debris Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Ependymal cells Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord Circulate cerebrospinal fluid Nervous
The Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System Sensory input gathering information To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body Changes = stimuli Integration To process and interpret sensory
More informationThe Nervous System. Chapter 7. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Elaine N. Marieb. Seventh Edition
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 7 The Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input gathering information To monitor changes occurring
More informationSOME BASIC TERMINOLOGY CNS: Central Nervous System: Brain + Spinal Cord
SOME BASIC TERMINOLOGY CNS: Central Nervous System: Brain + Spinal Cord CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF): The fluid filling the ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, central canal, and subarachnoid space. It is a filtrate
More informationBIOL2010 Huaman A&P I -- Exam XX -- Form A
BIOL2010 Huaman A&P I -- Exam 5 -- 20XX -- Form A Name: 1. Axons A. have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals. B. are numerous extensions from each neuron. C. do not have a
More informationNervous System C H A P T E R 2
Nervous System C H A P T E R 2 Input Output Neuron 3 Nerve cell Allows information to travel throughout the body to various destinations Receptive Segment Cell Body Dendrites: receive message Myelin sheath
More informationChapter 9 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Chapter 9 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Copyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Overview Key Terms acetylcholine motor presynaptic action potential nerve
More informationMajor Structures of the Nervous System. Brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses and sensory receptors
Major Structures of the Nervous System Brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses and sensory receptors Nervous System Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) consists
More informationThe Nervous System 7PART B. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Nervous System 7PART B What is a reflex? What is a reflex? What is meant by the statement that
More informationTopic/Objective: Identify the structures and functions of
Cornell Notes Textbook Diagrams Video notes Topic/Objective: Identify the structures and functions of the human nervous system. Name: Class/Period: Date: Essential Question: How does the nervous system
More informationSomatic Nervous Systems. III. Autonomic Nervous System. Parasympathetic Nervous System. Sympathetic Nervous Systems
7/21/2014 Outline Nervous System - PNS and CNS I. II. Two Parts of the Nervous System Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System A. B. Brain and Spinal Cord III. Autonomic
More informationNervous System. 1. What N.S. division controls skeletal muscles? 3. What kind of neuroglia myelinates axons in the PNS?
. What N.S. division controls skeletal muscles? Nervous System SRS Review %. Central nervous system %. Peripheral nervous system %. Afferent division %. Somatic division %. Autonomic division %. Sympathetic
More informationNervous System. 2. Receives information from the environment from CNS to organs and glands. 1. Relays messages, processes info, analyzes data
Nervous System 1. Relays messages, processes info, analyzes data 2. Receives information from the environment from CNS to organs and glands 3. Transmits impulses from CNS to muscles and glands 4. Transmits
More informationMeyers' A&P February 15, Unit 7. The Nervous System. I. Functions of the Nervous System. Monitors body's internal and external enviornments
Unit 7 The Nervous System I. Functions of the Nervous System Monitors body's internal and external enviornments Integrates sensory information Coordinates voluntary & involuntary responses of many other
More informationUnit 7 - The Nervous System 1
Unit 7 - The Nervous System 1 I. Unit 7: The Nervous System A. Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input - gathering information a) To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body b) Changes
More informationNervous System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University
Nervous System Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University Declaration The content and the figures of this seminar were directly adopted from the
More informationNervous System. Student Learning Objectives:
Nervous System Student Learning Objectives: Identify the primary parts of the neuron Identify the major structures of the central nervous system Identify the major structures of the peripheral nervous
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Introduction The purpose of the chapter is to: 1. Understand how the brain is organized, protected, and supplied
More informationThe Nervous System: Central Nervous System
The Nervous System: Central Nervous System I. Anatomy of the nervous system A. The CNS & the body by: 1. monitoring of the body 2. & information between parts of the body 3. acting as a to gather, store,
More informationOrganization and Overview of the Central Nervous System CNS 424. By Prof. Hisham Al-Matubsi
Organization and Overview of the Central Nervous System CNS 424 By Prof. Hisham Al-Matubsi Components Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors Responsible for Sensory perceptions, mental activities,
More informationHuman Anatomy. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 1 The Spinal Cord Link between the brain and the body. Exhibits some functional independence from the brain. The spinal cord and spinal nerves serve two functions:
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM. Chapter 48-49
NERVOUS SYSTEM Chapter 48-49 Nervous System Function: coordinates and controls bodily functions with nerves and electrical impulses The system is composed of different types of nerve cells called neurons
More informationNote: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for
Chapter 13 Outline Note: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for what you need to know from Exhibits 13.1 13.4 I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves
More informationThe Nervous System. PowerPoint Lecture Slides C H A P T E R 7. Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College C H A P T E R 7 The Nervous System NERVOUS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Essential Question: What are the primary functions
More informationNervous System Worksheet
Nervous System Worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Nervous System The Nervous System regulates and coordinates activities within the body. It detects, interprets and responds to changes that occur internally
More informationThe Nervous System. Lab Exercise 29. Objectives. Introduction
Lab Exercise The Nervous System Objectives -You should be able to recognize a neuron and identify its components. - Be able to identify the principal components of the brain and be able to name at least
More informationb. The groove between the two crests is called 2. The neural folds move toward each other & the fuse to create a
Chapter 13: Brain and Cranial Nerves I. Development of the CNS A. The CNS begins as a flat plate called the B. The process proceeds as: 1. The lateral sides of the become elevated as waves called a. The
More informationCerebral hemisphere. Parietal Frontal Occipital Temporal
Cerebral hemisphere Sulcus / Fissure Central Precental gyrus Postcentral gyrus Lateral (cerebral) Parieto-occipital Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Insula Amygdala Hippocampus
More information1. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION STRUCTURE AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION The major functions of the nervous system can be summarized as follows (Figure 1-1). FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM a memory (the smell of a meal), or it could be discarded
More informationWarm-Up. Label the parts of the neuron below.
Warm-Up Label the parts of the neuron below. A B C D E F G Warm-Up 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 1-1 through 1-10. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 1-1. Identify
More information2. When a neuron receives signals, an abrupt, temporary the inside becomes more positive in the polarity is generated (an action potential).
Chapter 34 Integration and Control: Nervous Systems I. Neurons The Communication Specialists A. Functional Zones of a Neuron 1. The contains the nucleus and metabolic machinery for protein synthesis. 2.
More informationBIOL241 - Lecture 12a
Cranial Nerves, source: training.seer.cancer.gov Nervous System Overview BIOL241 - Lecture 12a 1 Topics Divisions of the NS: CNS and PNS Structure and types of neurons Synapses Structure and function of
More information