Rodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models. From Mechanisms of Memory, 2 nd Edition by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
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1 Rodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models From Mechanisms of Memory, 2 nd Edition by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
2 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron
3 of Mice and Rats
4 Figure 1 Open Field Apparatus
5 Open Field Behavior A 0.4 Center/total distance B Time (min) Center/Total Distance C 30 Total distance (cm) Vertical activity Time (min) Time (min) Total Distance Vertical Activity
6 Figure 3 Elevated Plus Maze
7 Figure 4 Roto Rod
8 Rotating Rod Behavior 150 Time (sec) Trial Figure 5
9 Acoustic Startle and Prepulse Inhibition Acoustic startle reflex to 120 db noise Figure A % Inhibition db B
10 Nociception Behavior Hind Paw Lick Latency (s) Hot Plate Test +/+ n=26 -/- n=20 Stimulus Intensity (ma) Shock Threshold -/- n=6 +/+ n=6 Flinching Jumping Vocalizing Figure 7
11 Figure 8 Visual Cliff
12 Image courtesy of Johns Hopkins Medical Institute Ivan Pavlov with his canine subjects
13 Pavlovian Associative Conditioning Conditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response
14 Categories of Associative Conditioning Delay Conditioning CS US Time Trace Conditioning CS US Time
15 Figure 9 Fear Conditioning Chamber
16 Fear Conditioning TRAINING Animal is placed in novel context Hears a tone Receives foot shock CONTEXTUAL TEST CUED TEST Animal is returned to same context Test for freezing behavior Animal is placed in modified context Hears a tone Test for freezing behavior
17 Fear Conditioning Paradigm Train What s that noise?
18 Fear Conditioning Paradigm Train Yow..!!!
19 Fear Conditioning Paradigm Train What s going on?
20 Fear Conditioning Paradigm Test Train Help! What s going on?
21 Fear Conditioning Paradigm Test Train Help! What s going on? Help!
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24 Fear Conditioning TRAINING Animal is placed in novel context Hears a tone Receives foot shock CONTEXTUAL TEST CUED TEST Animal is returned to same context Test for freezing behavior Animal is placed in modified context Hears a tone Test for freezing behavior
25 Variations of Fear Conditioning A. Cue-plus-contextual Fear Conditioning B. Context Alone Conditioning TRAINING CONTEXTUAL TEST CUED TEST C. Context Discrimination TEST TRAINING TRAINING Context 1 CONTEXTUAL TEST Context 2 Context 1
26 Fear Conditioning in Angelman Syndrome Mice
27 Control Experiments for Fear Conditioning
28 Control Experiments Performance: Open Field Activity Coordination Perception: Nociception Hearing Vision Anxiety
29 Latent Inhibition Train Oh No! Context + Shock Freezing Behavior Pre-exposure Train Test ---!@#$ --- Latent Inhibition Shock Freezing Behavior
30 Freezing Behavior (Percent of Time) Freezing Behavior (Percent of Time) Contextual Fear Conditioning 100 ** 100 *** Context + Shock Treatment Latent Inhibition 0 Saline 100 mg/kg 300 mg/kg MK-801 Treatment
31 Figure 25 Memory Reconsolidation
32 Passive Avoidance Paradigm Step-Through Passive Avoidance Step-Down Passive Avoidance Train Train Test: measure time to step through Test: measure time to step down
33 Passive Avoidance
34 Active Avoidance Paradigm Shuttle Box Active Avoidance Train Test: Can the animal avoid the shock?
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36 Eye-Blink Conditioning in Rabbits Corneal Air Puff Elicits Eyeblink Response Corneal Air Puff Given with Tone Tone Given Alone Elicits Eyeblink Response
37 Higher-order Learning
38 Types of Rodent Mazes Lashley Maze Finish 4 Arm Radial (Plus) Maze 8 Arm Radial Maze Start Triangle Maze T Maze Y Maze
39
40 Spatial Learning
41 The Morris Water Maze Camera Distal Visual Cues Platform
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52 Escape Latency (sec) SL327 Impairs Performance in the Morris Water Maze Hidden Platform Training Block (4 trials each) Control SL327
53 Morris Water Maze
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55 Escape Latency (sec) No Effect of SL327 in the Visible Platform Version of the Morris Water Maze Visible Platform Control SL Training Block (4 trials each)
56 Morris Water Maze
57 Quadrant Search Time (% of total time) Platform Crossings The ERK/MAPK Cascade Is Required For Spatial Learning Right Opposite Trained Left *** *** 0 Control 30 mg/kg SL Control 30 mg/kg SL327
58 Vehicle 30 mg/kg SL327
59 Quadrant Search Time (% of total time) Platform Crossings ERK Is Not Required for Maintenance of Spatial Memories Right Opposite Trained Left ** *** 0 Control (1-5) SL327 (6) SL327 (1-5) Control (6) 0.0 Control (1-5) SL327 (6) SL327 (1-5) Control (6)
60 Joel Selcher and Paige Adams
61 The Barnes Maze Escape Chamber Spatial Cues Search strategy A Search strategy B
62 Higher-order Learning
63 Figure 15 Bar Press Operant and/ or Conditioned Place Preference
64 Novel Object Recognition
65 Figure 24 Novel Object Recognition
66 Hermissenda Image courtesy of Mike Johnson
67 Lifelong Single-trial Learning
68 Taste Learning NEOPHOBIA TASTE AVERSION? DAY 1 10 DAY 1 10 LiCl DAY 2 10 DAY 2 10 Measure increased consumption as index of long-term memory of novel taste Measure decreased consumption as index of long-term memory of novel taste
69 grams blueberry bar Conditioned Taste Aversion A DAY 1 B st Exposure to Food Item Injection of LiCl or NaCl 0.2 DAY LiCl NaCl 2 nd Exposure to Food Item Grams Ingested on 2 nd Exposure (LiCl treated group compared to NaCl treated control)
70 Neophobia grams blueberry bar A DAY 1 B st Exposure to Food Item DAY st intake 2nd intake 2 nd Exposure to Food Item Grams Ingested (1 st exposure compared to second exposure)
71 gustatory visceroceptive NTS Amygdala Insular cortex Figure courtesy of Michael Swank
72 Imprinting Konrad Lorenz
73 Behavioral Tests Commonly Used in Rodents Test Name Measurement Index Of: Open Field Analysis Distance Moved Over Time Activity Elevated Plus Maze Time Spent in Open Arms Anxiety Rotating-rod Time to Fall Off Coordination and Motor Learning Acoustic Startle Force of Jump Hearing Pre-pulse Inhibition Suppression of Startle Sensorimotor Gating Hot Plate Time to Lick Paw Nociception Hargreave s Apparatus Time to Lift Paw Nociception Light-Dark Exploration Time in Lit Chamber Vision Visual Cliff Suppression of Movement Vision Fear Conditioning: Cued Freezing or Startle Auditory Associative Learning Fear Conditioning: Contextual Freezing or Startle Spatial Associative Learning Passive Avoidance Time Spent in Lit Chamber Spatial Associative Learning Active Avoidance Time Spent in Cued Chamber Operant Conditioning Lever Press Number of Bar Presses Operant Conditioning Conditioned Place Preference Time Spent in One Chamber Operant Conditioning Eye-blink Conditioning Blink in Response to Cue Associative Conditioning Simple Maze Learning Errors or Time to Completion Spatial Learning, Working Memory Morris Water Maze Quadrant Time, Platform Crossings Spatial Memory Barnes Maze Errors Spatial Memory Conditioned Taste Aversion Food or Taste Avoidance Taste Learning Novel Taste Learning Attenuation of Neophobia Taste Learning Novel Object Recognition Time Spent with Object Recognition Memory
Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
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