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1 Nervous System Practice Questions 1. Which of the following are the parts of neurons? A) brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column B) dendrite, axon, and cell body C) sensory and motor D) cortex, medulla and sheath E) sympathetic and parasympathetic 2. A dendrite conducts nerve impulses the cell body. A) away from B) toward C) both toward and away from D) around, bypassing E) only inside 3. An axon conducts nerve impulses the cell body. A) away from D) around, bypassing B) toward E) only inside C) both toward and away from 4. Which of the following is/are type(s) of neurons? A) sensory B) motor C) interneurons 5. Sensory nerve cells act as the decision-making cells to sum up all signals for certain stimuli. 6. Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the. A) muscle cells C) neurons B) glands D) nephrons 7. Neurons often have many short dendrites and a long axon. 8. A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system takes nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the. A) motor neurons B) interneurons C) autonomic nervous system D) central nervous system 9. Nerve impulses go from sensory neurons in sense organs directly to the muscles and glands that respond. 10. An interneuron has. A) long dendrites and a short axon B) long dendrites and a long axon C) short dendrites and a long axon D) short dendrites and a long or short axon 11. Schwann cells are the main neurons of the spinal cord. 12. Schwann cells are one of several types of cells in the nervous system. A) sensory B) motor C) association D) neuroglial
2 13. Schwann cells produce layers of membrane containing myelin, which provides nutrition for the dendrites. 14. Gaps in the myelin sheath are called. A) nodes of Ranvier B) the synapse C) axonal interstices D) myelinoids 15. A nerve impulse is the way a sensory neuron receives information. 16. Nerve impulses create a change in voltage which is measured by and can be seen on a(n). A) stethoscope B) electrocardiogram C) oscilloscope D) laparoscope 17. When the axon is conducting an impulse, the oscilloscope records a constant membrane potential, equal to about 65mV. 18. The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is compared to the outside. A) under ionic pressure C) negative B) positive D) inactive 19. The "sodium-potassium pump" pumps. A) sodium ions out and potassium ions in B) sodium ions in and potassium ions out C) sodium and potassium ions in D) sodium and potassium ions out 20. The action potential pattern that appears on the oscilloscope screen is caused by rapid. A) polarity changes B) ph changes C) breakdown of the membrane structure 21. The action potential is measured in millivolts (mv) and is ranged from: A) 90mV to +20mV C) 65mV to +40mV B) 70mV to +30mV D) 30mV to +60mV 22. With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing to flow into the axon. A) potassium ions B) H+ ions C) sodium ions 23. The action potential changes the charge inside the axon from positive to negative. 24. A nerve fiber obeys an all-or-none law insofar as it either fires or does not fire depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold. 25. As the action potential swings down, A) potassium ions move out of the axon. B) potassium ions move into the axon. C) sodium ions move into the axon.
3 26. As the potassium ions move out of the axon, the oscilloscope records a. A) depolarization B) repolarization C) equalizing of negative and positive ions D) shutdown of the membrane pumps 27. A refractory period is. A) a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse B) the period during which potassium and sodium ions are completely stable C) the same as the resting potential D) the short time the myelin sheath provides insulation from another impulse E) is a reverse impulse that resets the sodium and potassium balance 28. In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by. A) sodium ions C) neurotransmitter molecules B) potassium ions D) the nodes of Ranvier 29. Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a. A) ionic bonding B) diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft C) physical contact of axon to dendrite allowing the nerve impulse to continue onward D) diffusion of sodium ions across the cleft 30. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known. A) postsynaptic receptors B) enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters C) drugs of abuse D) neurotransmitters 31. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the membrane. A) axonal C) presynaptic B) cell body D) postsynaptic 32. Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter? A) acetylcholine C) dopamine B) serotonin D) acetylcholinesterase 33. Excitatory signals have a effect. A) hyperpolarizing B) neutral C) depolarizing D) positive E) negative 34. What are the main divisions of the nervous system? A) the sensory system and the motor system B) the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system C) the dendritic and the axonal systems D) the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems 35. The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves, which are neurons with cell bodies that occur in the. A) sympathetic nervous system B) brain, spinal cord, or in ganglia C) motor system D) autonomic system
4 36. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) lies outside the central nervous system (CNS). 37. The PNS nerves are part of either the somatic system or the. A) motor system B) central nervous system C) sympathetic system D) parasympathetic system E) autonomic system 38. The somatic system contains nerves that control. A) skeletal muscles B) internal organs, joints, and glands C) skeletal muscles, skin, and glands D) smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands 39. Nerves are structures that contain many short fibers joined end-to-end. 40. The peripheral nervous system includes mixed nerves that. A) serve the muscular and skeletal system B) serve the sympathetic system C) serve the parasympathetic system D) contain both sensory and motor fibers 41. The sensory neurons that come from internal organs send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions. A) are critical to conscious decision making B) help maintain homeostasis C) trigger all neurotransmitters D) control our emotional moods 42. Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic system? A) inhibits the digestive tract C) accelerates the heartbeat B) dilates the bronchi 43. The parasympathetic system is called the "housekeeper system" because it keeps us alert and ready for "fight or flight." 44. Which of the following is/are characteristic of the parasympathetic system? A) causes the pupil to contract C) retards the heartbeat B) promotes digestion of food 45. The central nervous system consists of the. A) combination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems B) brain and spinal cord C) combined sensory and motor systems D) cranial and spinal nerves 46. The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order to make decisions is called the. A) peripheral nervous system B) sympathetic nervous system 47. The central nervous system consists only of the brain. C) parasympathetic nervous system D) central nervous system
5 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. E 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. D 47. B
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