Constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in various organs. Visual accommodation, pupillary size.
|
|
- Henry Parks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Dr. L. Al tmimi Academic year This text is focused mostly on the anatomy and physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), more specifically, about the two division of autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), the different receptors related to this system and the neurotransmitters that stimulate these receptors. Nothing is mentioned about the pathology that affects this system or the commercial drugs that stimulate or inhibit these systems. Introduction The nervous system (NS) in general can be divided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. The later can be more divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS). The somatic nervous system controls organs under voluntary control while the autonomic nervous system acts mainly below the level of consciousness and mostly not subject to voluntary control. The ANS has efferent and afferent nerve fibers, which transmit the impulses from the central nervous system to the peripheral organs and vice versa. Activation of Autonomic Nervous System In general activation of the ANS lead to the following effects in different organs Control of heart rate and force of contraction. Constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in various organs. Visual accommodation, pupillary size. Secretions from exocrine and endocrine glands. Autonomic Nervous System division The ANS is divided into two divisions: The parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) The sympathetic Nervous Systems (SNS) Both parts consist of myelinated preganglionic fibers that synapse with unmyelinated postganglionic fibers, and then innervate the effectors organ. Most organs are innervated by fibers from both systems except sweats glands and spleen are only innervated by SNS. The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) Promotes a "rest and digest" response, supports calming of the nerves, return to regular function, and enhances digestion. The preganglionic outflow arises from the cell bodies of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X in the brain stem and from the 2 nd, 3 rd & 4 th sacral segments of the spinal cord. It is therefore also
2 known as cranio-sacral outflow. The cranial nerves III, VII and IX affect the pupil and salivary gland secretion. The Vagus nerve (X) carries fibers to the heart, lungs, stomach, upper intestine and ureter. The sacral fibers innervate the distal colon, rectum, bladder and reproductive organs. Preganglionic fibers pass directly to the organs. Postganglionic bodies lie near or within the viscera of the organ. There is a limited distribution of the postganglionic fibers with a ratio of postganglionic to preganglionic in many organs is 1:1 or 3:1 except in distal colon 8000:1. This lead to limited PNS effect, e.g. vagal bradycardia occurs without changes in intestinal motility. In physiological terms, the parasympathetic system is concerned with conservation and restoration of energy It causes a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure, facilitates digestion and absorption of nutrients, and consequently the excretion of waste products. Parasympathetic Nervous System Transmission The chemical transmitter at both pre and postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic system is Acetylcholine (Ach). The synthesis of Ach occurs in the cytoplasm of nerve endings and is stored in vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Ach performs its effect when it binds with its receptors. These receptors have been subdivided pharmacologically by the actions of the alkaloids into muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Most transmissions occur in two stages: When a parasympathetic stimulation takes place, the preganglionic nerves release Ach at the ganglion, which acts on nicotinic receptors of postganglionic neurons. The postganglionic nerve then releases Ach to stimulate the muscarinic receptors of the target organ. The action of acetylcholine is terminated when the enzyme acetylcholinesterase degrades it. The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Its general action is to mobilize the body's resources under stress; to induce the fightor-flight response. The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are arising in the intermediolateral horns of the spinal segments T1-L3, the so-called thoracolumbar outflow. Activation of the SNS produces a diffused physiologic response (mass reflex) rather than discrete effects. This is because SNS postganglionic neurons outnumber the preganglionic neurons in an average ratio of 20:1 to 30:1.2. The preganglionic fibers travel a short distance in the mixed spinal nerve, and then branch off as white rami (myelinated) to enter the sympathetic ganglia. These sympathetic ganglionic chains are two paravertebral chains, lay anterolateral to the vertebral bodies and extend from the cervical to the sacral region. The preganglionic fibers may follow one of three courses: 1. Synapse with postganglionic fibers in ganglia at level of exit. 2. Path upward or downward in the trunk of the SNS chain to synapse in ganglia at other levels 3. Track for variable distances through the sympathetic chain and exit without synapsing to terminate in an outlying, unpaired, SNS collateral ganglion. Below is a summery of the SNS stimulation in different organs: On heart and circulation: Increase in heart rate, increase in force of heart contraction and also increase in blood pressure. The effects on the Lungs are: Bronchodilitation with increase in frequency of ventilation. On Skin: Increased sweating and piloerection. On blood: Mobilization of red blood cells from spleen and reduced blood clotting time.
3 On Gastrointestinal system: Decrease peristaltic activity and at the same time all the parasympathetic activities will be diminished. Sympathetic Nervous System Transmitter As PNS the preganglionic neurotransmitters of the SNS is Ach. Traditionally, the catecholamines epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) are considered the mediators of peripheral SNS activity. NE is released from localized presynaptic vesicles of nearly all postganglionic sympathetic nerves except the sweat glands. The SNS fibers ending in the adrenal medulla are preganglionic, and ACh is the neurotransmitter. Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Cholinergic receptors: Can be divided into Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors: Are mostly found in the postganglionic junctions of the PNS. They exist also in other sites like the presynaptic membrane of sympathetic nerve terminals in the myocardium, coronary vessels, and peripheral vasculature that is way they called them adrenergic muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are mostly stimulated by muscarine however Ach can also stimulate these receptors. In general stimulation of the muscarinic receptors lead to bradycardia, negative inotropic effect, bronchoconstriction, miosis, salivation, gastrointestinal hypermotility, and increased gastric acid secretion. In addition to that stimulation of the adrenergic muscarinic receptors lead to inhibition of release of norepinephrine. Atropine blocks these receptors but has no effect on nicotinic receptors. So atropine may have a sympathomimetic effect through blocking of the muscarinic receptors and also vagal blockade. Some neuromuscular blockers like Pavulon (Pancuronium) may also induce tachycardia through this mechanism. Nicotinic receptors: Exist at the synaptic junctions of both SNS and PNS ganglia. Ach works also at these receptors together with nicotine the latter in low dose may induce a stimulation of the receptors while in high concentration will induce blockade effect. Nicotinic stimulation of the SNS ganglia produces hypertension and tachycardia by causing the release of EPI and NE from the adrenal medulla. Adrenergic receptors: These can be divided into β and α-receptors, which can be further subdivided into β1, 2 and 3 and α1 and 2 respectively. β-adrenergic receptors: Stimulation of β1 receptors lead to the following effects: On the heart: Increases myocardial contractility, Increases heart rate, Accelerates sinoatrial node and Accelerates ectopic pacemakers. On the kidney: stimulate the release of Renin and the metabolic effect: Fat cell lipolysis. While stimulation of β2 receptor lead to the following: Vasodilatation of the blood vessels, bronchodilation of the bronchus, relaxation of the bladder wall, relaxation of the pregnant uterus and encourage liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Finally β3 receptors are thought to be responsible for enhancement of lipolysis in adipose tissue and have some central nervous system effect.
4 α-adrenergic receptors: These receptors have been further subdivided into clinically important classes α1 and α2 receptors. α1-adrenergic receptors: are found in the smooth muscle cells of the peripheral vasculature of the coronary arteries, skin, uterus, intestinal mucosa, and splanchnic beds. They serve as postsynaptic activators of vascular and intestinal smooth muscle as well as of endocrine glands. Their activation results in either decreased or increased tone, depending on the effector organ. The response in resistance and capacitance vessels is constriction, whereas in the intestinal tract it is relaxation. According to some evidence, α1 may also be available in the heart and may cause a positive inotropic effect and they may be responsible on arrhythmia during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. So in summery their stimulation may lead to: coronary arteries constriction, intestinal vessels dilatation, positive inotropic effect on the heart, α2-adrenergic receptors: Stimulation of α2 in brain lead to antihypertension and sedation effect. While stimulation of the peripheral postsynaptic α2- receptors mediate constriction of smooth muscle, modulates large vessel tone, arteriolar and venous vasoconstriction. α2-receptors presynaptic effect opposes α1-receptor effect. Dopaminergic receptors: These receptors are localized in the CNS, blood vessels and postganglionic sympathetic nerves. It can be subdivided into DA1 and DA2. DA1 are postsynaptic receptors while DA2 are both pre and postsynaptic. The greatest numbers of DA1 postsynaptic receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle cells of the kidney and mesentery, but they can be also found in other systemic arteries like coronary, cerebral, and cutaneous arteries. The vascular receptors are, like the β2-adrenergic receptors, linked to adenylate cyclase and mediate smooth muscle relaxation. Activation of DA1 produces vasodilatation, increasing blood flow to these organs. Stimulation of DA2 presynaptic appears similar to the α2-adrenergic presynaptic receptors, inhibit NE release and lead to vasodilatation. While stimulation of DA2 postsynaptic receptors lead to vasoconstriction. DA receptors in the hypothalamus are involved in prolactin release. Parkinson disease may occur when the DA neurons that lies in substantia nigra, are degenerated. Another well-known central action of DA is stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla, producing nausea and vomiting. DA antagonists such as haloperidol and droperidol are clinically effective in countering this action. There is still doubt if dopaminergic receptors also are present in the myocardium. Adenosine Receptors: Adenosine produces inhibition of NE release. The effect of adenosine is blocked by caffeine, theophylline and other methylxanthines. The physiologic function of these receptors may be the reduction of sympathetic tone under hypoxic conditions when adenosine production is enhanced. As a consequence of reduced NE release, cardiac work would be decreased and oxygen demand reduced. Adenosine has been effectively used to produce controlled hypotension. Stimulation of adenosine receptors laying in the central nervous system help regulating the release of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate
5 Serotonin receptors: Serotonin or also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is primarily found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system. The serotonin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels that mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. They have influence on various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. A widely use antiemetic drug called Zofran serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is an example of the drugs that antagonize the serotonin receptors. Another example is antidepressants medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are widely used now a day in treating of depression. An example of these drugs is Cipramil. Last but not least are the prostaglandin E2 receptors. Still to be read together with the pharmacology of autonomic nervous system in the Paul G. Barash Clinical Anesthesia, 6th edition CHAPTER 15. References: Paul G. Barash. Clinical Anesthesia, 6th edition. G Edward Morgan. Clinical Anesthesiology 2nd edition.
The Autonomic Nervous
Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous Assess Prof. Fawzia Al-Rouq System Department of Physiology College of Medicine King Saud University LECTUR (1) Functional Anatomy & Physiology of Autonomic
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Keri Muma Bio 6 Organization of the Nervous System Efferent Division Somatic Nervous System Voluntary control Effector = skeletal muscles Muscles must be excited by a motor neuron
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic nervous system organization Sympathetic Nervous System division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System Responsible for control of visceral effectors and visceral reflexes: smooth muscle, glands, the heart. e.g. blood pressure, cardiac output, plasma glucose The autonomic system
More informationHuman Anatomy. Autonomic Nervous System
Human Anatomy Autonomic Nervous System 1 Autonomic Nervous System ANS complex system of nerves controls involuntary actions. Works with the somatic nervous system (SNS) regulates body organs maintains
More informationComposed by Natalia Leonidovna Svintsitskaya, Associate professor of the Chair of Human Anatomy, Candidate of Medicine
Theoretical background to the study of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Features of the structure, function Composed by Natalia Leonidovna
More informationChapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathways Preganglionic neuron
More informationDrugs Affecting The Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)
Drugs Affecting The Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) ANS Pharmacology Lecture 1 Dr. Hiwa K. Saaed College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani 2018-2019 AUTOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) The ANS is the major
More informationChapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline Module 14.1 Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (Figures 14.1 14.3) A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the involuntary arm of the peripheral
More informationAutonomic Division of NS
Autonomic Division of NS Compare and contrast the structures of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, including functions and neurotransmitters. Show the levels of integration in the ANS,
More informationAutonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
More informationNeuropsychiatry Block
Neuropsychiatry Block Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System By Laiche Djouhri, PhD Dept. of Physiology Email: ldjouhri@ksu.edu.sa Ext:71044 References The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal
More informationLujain Hamdan. Ayman Musleh & Yahya Salem. Mohammed khatatbeh
12 Lujain Hamdan Ayman Musleh & Yahya Salem Mohammed khatatbeh the last lecture, we have studied the differences between the two divisions of the ANS: sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways which work
More informationCHAPTER 15 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 15 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. B. Operation of the ANS to maintain homeostasis,
More informationAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PART I: SPINAL CORD
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PART I: SPINAL CORD How is the organization of the autonomic nervous system different from that of the somatic nervous system? Peripheral Nervous System Divisions Somatic Nervous
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 20 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Introduction (p. 632) 1. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. 2.
More informationAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS):
University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology & Biochemistry Medical 1 st year students, 2017/2018. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Textbook of Medical Physiology,
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System Outline of class lecture for Physiology
The Autonomic Nervous System Outline of class lecture for Physiology 1 After studying the endocrine system you should be able to: 1. Describe the organization of the nervous system. 2. Compare and contrast
More informationDivisions of ANS. Divisions of ANS 2 Divisions dualing innervate most organs. Autonomic Nervous System (Chapter 9)
Autonomic Nervous System (Chapter 9) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) general properties anatomy Autonomic Effects on Target Organs Subs of Nervous System Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral
More informationIntroduction to Autonomic
Part 2 Autonomic Pharmacology 3 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology FUNCTIONS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM The autonomic nervous system (Figure 3 1) is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic
More informationThe Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System Pearson Education, Inc.
17 The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System Introduction The autonomic nervous system: Functions outside of our conscious awareness Makes routine adjustments in our body s systems The autonomic nervous
More informationIntegrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology Third Edition
Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology Third Edition Chapter 3 Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System Multimedia Directory Slide 19 Slide 37 Slide 38 Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Slide 42 Slide 43
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition Human Anatomy & Physiology C H A P T E R 14 Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images 2013 Pearson Education,
More informationI. Neural Control of Involuntary Effectors. Chapter 9. Autonomic Motor Nerves. Autonomic Neurons. Autonomic Ganglia. Autonomic Neurons 9/19/11
Chapter 9 I. Neural Control of Involuntary Effectors The Autonomic Nervous System Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Autonomic
More informationThe Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
17 The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction The autonomic nervous system functions
More informationAutonomic Nervous System Fight Or Flight Vs. Rest And Digest
Autonomic Nervous System Fight Or Flight Vs. Rest And Digest Prof. Dr. Farooq Ahmed Director Medical Education Khyber Medical College Learning objectives At the end of these 2 presentations, the students
More informationChapter 16. APR Enhanced Lecture Slides
Chapter 16 APR Enhanced Lecture Slides See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes and animations. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission
More informationAutonomic Nervous System. Introduction
Autonomic Nervous System Introduction 1 The nervous system is divided into: 1- the central nervous system (CNS; the brain and spinal cord) 2- the peripheral nervous system (PNS; neuronal tissues outside
More informationCh 9. The Autonomic Nervous System
Ch 9 The Autonomic Nervous System SLOs Review the organization of the ANS Describe how neural regulation of smooth and cardiac muscles differs from that of skeletal muscles Describe the structure and innervation
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
!! www.clutchprep.com ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: DIVISIONS AND STRUCTURE The Autonomic Nervous System and its Divisions: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 13 Done by Tamara Wahbeh Corrected by Doctor Omar Shaheen In this sheet the following concepts will be covered: 1. Divisions of the nervous system 2. Anatomy of the ANS. 3. ANS innervations. 4.
More informationDrugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System-1. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System-1 Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia The autonomic nervous system, along with the endocrine system,
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Touqeer Ahmed PhD 3 rd March, 2017 Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology Nervous System Divisions The peripheral nervous system
More informationChp. 16: AUTONOMIC N.S. (In Review: Peripheral N. S.)
Chp. 16: AUTONOMIC N.S. (In Review: Peripheral N. S.) Peripheral nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons Among the motor neurons, some of these are somatic and innervate skeletal muscles while some
More informationAutonomic Nervous System. Lanny Shulman, O.D., Ph.D. University of Houston College of Optometry
Autonomic Nervous System Lanny Shulman, O.D., Ph.D. University of Houston College of Optometry Peripheral Nervous System A. Sensory Somatic Nervous System B. Autonomic Nervous System 1. Sympathetic Nervous
More informationTHE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
1 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the portion of the nervous system which innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands, & controls the visceral functions of the
More informationAutonomic Targets. Review (again) Efferent Peripheral NS: The Autonomic & Somatic Motor Divisions
Review (again) Efferent Peripheral NS: The Autonomic & Somatic Motor Divisions Running Problem: Smoking Homeostasis and the Autonomic Division BP, HR, Resp., H 2 O balance, Temp... Mostly dual reciprocal
More informationGeneral organization of central and peripheral components of the nervous system
General organization of central and peripheral components of the nervous system Today we are focusing on the ANS Part of ANS?? Life depends on the innervation of the viscera... all the rest is biological
More informationFig Glossopharyngeal nerve transmits signals to medulla oblongata. Integrating center. Receptor. Baroreceptors sense increased blood pressure
Fig. 5. Integrating center Glossopharyngeal nerve transmits signals to medulla oblongata Receptor 3 Vagus nerve transmits inhibitory signals to cardiac pacemaker Baroreceptors sense increased blood pressure
More informationAhmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat. Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat. Mohd.Khatatbeh
10 Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat Mohd.Khatatbeh Before you start: Important terminology: 1 Ganglion: Nerve cell cluster, where neurons are typically linked by synapses. Also, it`s
More informationNeuron types and Neurotransmitters
Neuron types and Neurotransmitters Faisal I. Mohammed. PhD, MD University of Jordan 1 Transmission of Receptor Information to the Brain the larger the nerve fiber diameter the faster the rate of transmission
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System 6 th March, 2015 & 19 th March, 2015 Touqeer Ahmed Ph.D. Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology Autonomic Nervous System Role
More informationBIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system o Integumentary system
BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system o Integumentary system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 Textbook and required/recommended
More information4/8/2015. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Learn and Understand: Divisions of the ANS. Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Dual innervation
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Learn and Understand: Divisions of the ANS Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Dual innervation ~ All visceral organs served by both divisions, usually cause opposite
More informationAutonomic Nervous System (ANS):
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): ANS is the major involuntary, unconscious, automatic portion of the nervous system. involuntary voluntary The motor (efferent)portion of the ANS is the major pathway for
More informationOrganization of Nervous System: Comparison of Somatic vs. Autonomic: Nervous system. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS)
NS Parasympathetic Somatic NS Organization of Nervous System: Nervous system Comparison of Somatic vs. : Cell body location NTs organs Marieb & Hoehn Figure 14.2 Ganglion: A group of cell bodies located
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System
Les Co-assistenten 2011-2012 L. Al tmimi, MD Department Of Anesthesia Catholic University Hospital Of Leuven dinsdag 19 juli 2011 1 dinsdag 19 juli 2011 2 dinsdag 19 juli 2011 3 is divided into Peripheral
More informationSystems Neuroscience November 21, 2017 The autonomic nervous system
Systems Neuroscience November 21, 2017 The autonomic nervous system Daniel C. Kiper kiper@ini.phys.ethz.ch http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html How is the organization of the autonomic nervous
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton, 12th ed: 729-738, 11th ed. P748-760, and 10th ed. p697-708. Fig.17.02 General functions Control and Adaptation
More information4/9/2019. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Learn and Understand: What appears to be two separate systems actually work together to maintain homeostasis under varying conditions. Receptors on the membranes of ANS effectors
More informationThe Nervous System. Autonomic Division. C h a p t e r. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas
C h a p t e r 17 The Nervous System Autonomic Division PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson
More informationBIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system
BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 Textbook and required/recommended
More informationChapter 17. Nervous System Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands. !
Chapter 17 Sensory receptor Sensory input Integration Nervous System Motor output Brain and spinal cord Effector cells Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) 28.1 Nervous systems
More informationI. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) A. Dual Innervation B. Autonomic Motor Pathway 1. Preganglionic Neuron a. Preganglionic Fibers (Axons) (1)
I. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) A. Dual Innervation B. Autonomic Motor Pathway 1. Preganglionic Neuron a. Preganglionic Fibers (Axons) (1) Acetylcholine - ACh 2. Ganglion (Ganglia) 3. Ganglionic Neuron
More informationSympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System Lecture Objectives Review the subdivisions of the nervous system. Review the general arrangement and compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. Describe the following
More informationChapter 15 Lecture Outline
Chapter 15 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or
More informationAutonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system Sompol Tapechum, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Objectives เม อจบบทเร ยน น กศ กษาสามารถ 1. บอกความแตกต างระหว าง Autonomic และ Somatic
More informationHuman Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 15: The Autonomic Nervous System
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 15: The Autonomic Nervous System Question No. 1 of 10 Which of the following statements is correct about the component of the autonomic nervous system identified
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 15 The Autonomic Nervous System Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems The somatic nervous system includes both sensory and motor
More informationAutonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system Key notes Autonomic: an independent system that runs on its own The ANS is a visceral and involuntary sensory and motor system The visceral motor fibers in the autonomic nerves
More informationAutonomic Nervous System. Autonomic (Visceral) Nervous System. Visual Anatomy & Physiology First Edition. Martini & Ober
Visual Anatomy & Physiology First Edition Martini & Ober Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System Lecture 21 1 Autonomic (Visceral) Nervous System CNS PNS 2 Autonomic Nervous System functions without conscious
More informationNeural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
16 Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris Figure 16-1 An Overview of Neural
More informationWhen motor nervous severed (cut, damaged), SK. Ms enter state of paralysis & atrophy
11/25/2012 1 Somatic NS have their cell bodies within CNS Conduct impulses along single axon from spinal cord to neuromuscular junction Send axon to SK.M Muscles consciously induced to contract or relax
More information2401 : Anatomy/Physiology
Dr. Chris Doumen Week 11 2401 : Anatomy/Physiology Autonomic Nervous System TextBook Readings Pages 533 through 552 Make use of the figures in your textbook ; a picture is worth a thousand words! Work
More informationPart 1. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Stimulatory
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Leslie Hendon University of Alabama, Birmingham C H A P T E R 15 Part 1 The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons The ANS and Visceral Sensory Neurons
More informationAutonomic Nervous System. Part of the nervous system that controls most of the visceral functions of the body ( Automatically?
Autonomic Response? Autonomic Nervous System Part of the nervous system that controls most of the visceral functions of the body ------ ( Automatically?) Classification Of CNS Autonomic Nervous System
More informationIntroduction. Autonomic means self-governed ; the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is independent of our will
Introduction Autonomic means self-governed ; the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is independent of our will It regulates fundamental states and life processes such as heart rate, BP, and body temperature
More informationLujain Hamdan. Tamer Barakat. Faisal Mohammad
17 Lujain Hamdan Tamer Barakat Faisal Mohammad Review : Summary of synaptic transmission: 1) Action potential arrives to presynaptic terminals of a nerve and causes depolarization by opening Ca 2+ voltage-gated
More informationParasymPathetic Nervous system. Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem
ParasymPathetic Nervous system Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem In this lecture we are going to discuss Parasympathetic, in the last lecture we took sympathetic and one of the objectives of last lecture was
More informationT. Laitinen Departments of Physiology and Clinical Physiology, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AUTONOMOUS NEURAL REGULATION T. Laitinen Departments of Physiology and Clinical Physiology, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Keywords: Autonomic nervous system, sympathetic
More informationGanglionic Blockers. Ganglion- blocking agents competitively block the action of
Ganglionic Blockers Ganglion- blocking agents competitively block the action of acetylcholine and similar agonists at nicotinic (Nn) receptors of both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic ganglia.
More informationChapter 16. Autonomic nervous system. AP2 Chapter 16: ANS
Chapter 16 Autonomic nervous system AP2 Chapter 16: ANS 1 Quick Review Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Sensory Division Motor Division Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous
More informationChapter 15 Lecture Outline
Chapter 15 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or
More informationChapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Why This Matters Understanding the autonomic
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System
14 The Autonomic Nervous System Lecture Presentation by Lori Garrett Note to the Instructor: For the third edition of Visual Anatomy & Physiology, we have updated our PowerPoints to fully integrate text
More informationAutonomic Nervous System 4: Reflexes Margaret C. Biber, D.Phil.
Autonomic Nervous System 4: Reflexes Margaret C. Biber, D.Phil. OBJECTIVES: Please note that these objectives pertain to ANS lectures 1-4. At the end of these lectures you should know and understand the
More informationChapter 12 Nervous Tissue. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1
Chapter 12 Nervous Tissue Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1 Terms to Know CNS PNS Afferent division Efferent division Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic
More informationDo Now pg What is the fight or flight response? 2. Give an example of when this response would kick in.
Do Now pg 81 1. What is the fight or flight response? 2. Give an example of when this response would kick in. Autonomic Nervous System The portion of the PNS that functions independently (autonomously)
More informationIntroduction to The Autonomic Nervous System. Sympathetic VS Parasympathetic Divisions. Adrenergic and Cholinergic Fibers. ANS Neurotransmitters
Chapter 15 Introduction to The Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic VS Parasympathetic Divisions Adrenergic and Cholinergic Fibers ANS Neurotransmitters Autonomic Nervous System Portion of the nervous
More information2.4 Autonomic Nervous System
2.4 Autonomic Nervous System The ANS regulates visceral activities normally outside the realm of consciousness and voluntary control: Circulation. Digestion. Sweating. Pupillary size. The ANS consists
More informationAutonomic Nervous System DR JAMILA EL MEDANY
Autonomic Nervous System DR JAMILA EL MEDANY OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system. Describe the structure of autonomic nervous system Trace
More informationDerived copy of Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System *
OpenStax-CNX module: m56161 1 Derived copy of Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System * Stephanie Fretham Based on Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX
More informationUsing Figure 14.1, match the following: 1) Myelin sheath. 1) 2) Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron. 2)
Practice Exam 1 AP 2 chapters 14 and 18 Name MATCHING: Match labeled areas with the appropriate terminology from the list below. Figure 14.1 Using Figure 14.1, match the following: 1) Myelin sheath. 1)
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System & Higher Order Functions. An overview of the ANS. Divisions of the ANS. The Sympathetic Division (16-3) 2/19/2015
The Autonomic Nervous System & Higher Order Functions Chapter 16 An overview of the ANS The autonomic nervous system coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive functions
More informationNervous System. Master controlling and communicating system of the body. Secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters
Nervous System Master controlling and communicating system of the body Interacts with the endocrine system to control and coordinate the body s responses to changes in its environment, as well as growth,
More informationLaith Khreisat. Ahmad Ali Massad. Faisal Muhammad
21 Laith Khreisat Ahmad Ali Massad Faisal Muhammad * Note: I tried my best to include everything mentioned in the slides, but feel free to refer back to them in case I missed anything. * Last time we talked
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Objectives 1. Describe the CNS components of the ANS 2. Understand the peripheral pathways that connect the ANS with targets in the body. 3. Understand the classes of disorders
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
ANS..??? Autonomic Nervous System Nervous system CNS PNS Autonomic Somatic Symp Parasymp Enteric SOMATIC AUTONOMIC Organ supplied Skeletal muscle Other organs Distal most synapse Nerve fibre Peripheral
More informationTymaa Al-zaben & Amin Al-ajalouni
Done by: Tymaa Al-zaben & Amin Al-ajalouni ** Hello SERTONIN! SLIDE 3 note:: the slide included within the sheet but make sure back to slide for pictures The Autonomic Nervous System Function : Regulate
More informationPheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines
36 PHYSIOLOGY CASES AND PROBLEMS Case 8 Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines Helen Ames is a 51-year-old homemaker who experienced what she thought were severe menopausal symptoms. These awful "attacks"
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous System Introduction. Autonomic Nervous System - Overview
The Autonomic Nervous System Introduction Edward JN Ishac, Ph.D. Professor Smith Building, Room 742 eishac@vcu.edu 828 2127 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical College of Virginia Campus
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Malik
number 21 Done by Corrected by Dania Alkouz Doctor Malik Dr. Malik is going to repeat what Dr. Omar said about the cholinergic agonists and antagonists. The Autonomic Nervous system (ANS) (Just a quick
More informationThe Nervous System and Metabolism
= P1: JZP 8 The Nervous System and Metabolism Dendrites Cell body Axon (may be sheathed in myelin) Nucleus Axonal terminals (synapses) Figure 8.1 Basic structure of a nerve cell (neuron). CH 3_ CH 3 CH
More informationNervous Systems: Diversity & Functional Organization
Nervous Systems: Diversity & Functional Organization Diversity of Neural Signaling The diversity of neuron structure and function allows neurons to play many roles. 3 basic function of all neurons: Receive
More information(PP VIII) Dr. Samir Matloob
DRUGS ACTING ON THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM AND THE NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS I (DIRECT ACTING CHOLINOMIMETIC AGONISTS) (PP VIII) Dr. Samir Matloob Dept. of Pharmacology Baghdad College of Medicine Drugs
More informationThe Nervous System. Chapter 4. Neuron 3/9/ Components of the Nervous System
Chapter 4 The Nervous System 1. Components of the Nervous System a. Nerve cells (neurons) Analyze and transmit information Over 100 billion neurons in system Four defined regions Cell body Dendrites Axon
More informationStudy Guide Answer Key Nervous System
Biology 12 Human Biology Textbook: BC Biology 12 Study Guide Answer Key Nervous System 1. Draw a neuron, label 3 parts and give the function of those parts. Dendrite: carry signals to the cell body Cell
More informationOrganisation of the nervous system
Chapter1 Organisation of the nervous system 1. Subdivisions of the nervous system The nervous system is divided: i) Structurally The central nervous system (CNS) composed of the brain and spinal cord.
More informationNeuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5
Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5 1) Biogenic amines include ACh, NE, EPI and? a) Melatonin b) Dopamine c) Serotonin d) Histamine e) All of the neurotransmitters listed are biogenic amines.
More informationNeural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
16 Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the ANS and
More information