ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.)

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1 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect? a. They are produced by endocrine glands. b. They are modified amino acids, peptides, or steroid molecules. c. They are carried by the circulatory system. d. They are used to communicate between different organisms. e. They elicit specific biological responses from target cells. 2. Which of the following examples is incorrectly paired with its class? a. histamine-local regulator b. estrogen-steroid hormone c. prostaglandin-peptide hormone d. ecdysone-steroid hormone e. neurotransmitter-local regulator 3. How is a cell's response to a water-soluble hormone amplified? a. regulation of intracellular hormone levels b. regulation of cell volume c. changes in the intracellular levels of cytokines d. regulatory proteins present inside of the cell e. regulation of the number of surface receptors 4. Which of the following statements about hormones is correct? a. Steroid and peptide hormones produce different effects but use the same biochemical mechanisms. b. Steroid and peptide hormones produce the same effects but differ in the mechanisms that produce the effects. c. Steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins, whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already present in the cell. d. Steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mrna. e. Steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins to be exported from the cell, whereas peptide hormones affect the synthesis of proteins that remain in the cell. 5. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of a. releasing hormones. b. second messengers. c. third messengers.

2 b. second messengers. c. third messengers. d. antibodies. e. pyrogens. 6. Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby? a. prolactin and calcitrone b. oxytocin and prolactin c. follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone d. luteinizing hormone and oxytocin e. oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone 7. Iodine is added to commercially-prepared table salt to help prevent deficiencies of this essential mineral. Which gland(s) require(s) iodine to function properly? a. parathyroids b. adrenal c. thyroid d. pancreas e. ovaries and testes 8. One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to a. an undersecretion of thyroxine. b. a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. c. a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. d. hyposecretion of oxytocin. e. a higher than normal level of endorphins. 9. Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is incorrect? a. The parathyroids regulate metabolic rate. b. The thyroid participates in blood calcium regulation. c. The pituitary participates in the regulation of the gonads. d. The adrenal medulla produces "fight-orflight" responses. e. The pancreas helps to regulate blood sugar concentration. 10. Which of the following is an endocrine gland? a. parathyroid gland b. salivary gland c. sweat gland d. sebaceous gland e. gallbladder 11. All of the following are steroid hormones except a. androgen. b. cortisol. c. estrogen. d. insulin. e. testosterone.

3 d. insulin. e. testosterone. 12. Blood samples taken from an individual who had been fasting for 24 hours would have which of the following? a. high levels of insulin b. high levels of glucagon c. low levels of insulin d. low levels of glucagon e. both B and C 13. Which of the following glands is controlled directly by the hypothalamus or central nervous system but not the anterior pituitary? a. ovary b. adrenal medulla c. adrenal cortex d. testis e. thyroid 14. Where is the most likely location of a group of nerve cell bodies known as a ganglion? a. in the central nervous system b. in the peripheral nervous system c. anywhere in the nervous system d. within the brain e. within the spinal cord 15. The sodium-potassium pump of neurons pumps a. Na + and K + into the cell. b. Na + and K + out of the cell. c. Na + into the cell and K + out of the cell. d. Na + out of the cell and K + into the cell. e. Na + and K + into the cell and H + out of the cell through an antiport. For the following questions, refer to the graph of an action potential in the figure below and use the letters to indicate your answer. 16. The membrane is at resting potential. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 17. A drug might act as a stimulant of the somatic nervous system if it a. makes the membrane permanently impermeable to sodium. b. stimulates the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. c. increases the release of substances that cause

4 in the synaptic cleft. c. increases the release of substances that cause the hyperpolarization of the neurons. d. increases the sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane to acetylcholine. e. increases the sensitivity of the presynaptic membrane to acetylcholine. 18. Which part of the vertebrate nervous system is most involved in preparation for the fight-or-flight response? a. sympathetic b. somatic c. central d. visceral e. parasympathetic 19. What controls the heart rate? a. neocortex b. medulla c. thalamus d. pituitary e. cerebellum 20. What would be most affected if an accident caused trauma to the hypothalamus? a. sorting of sensory information b. processing of motor information in the cerebellum c. the production of CSF d. regulation of body temperature e. cognitive response ability 21. The motor cortex is part of which part of the nervous system? a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. spinal cord d. midbrain e. medulla 22. Why are we able to differentiate tastes and smells? a. The action potentials initiated by taste receptors are transmitted to a separate region of the brain than those initiated by receptors for smell. b. The sensory region of the cerebral cortex distinguishes something we taste from something we smell by the difference in the action potential. c. The brain distinguishes between taste, arising from interoreceptors, from smell arising from exteroreceptors. d. Because we are able to see what we are tasting, the brain uses this information to distinguish taste from smell. e. Taste receptors are able to detect fewer

5 distinguish taste from smell. e. Taste receptors are able to detect fewer molecules of the stimulus, which means these receptors will initiate a receptor potential before smell receptors do. 23. What is the correct sequence of events that would lead to a person hearing a sound? 1. transmission 2. transduction 3. integration 4. amplification a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 4, 2, 3 c. 2, 4, 1, 3 d. 3, 1, 2, 4 e. 3, 1, 4, Why does your arm feel cold when you reach inside the refrigerator to get a container of milk? a. Circulating levels of prostaglandins increase. b. The temperature of the blood circulating to the arm decreases. c. Thermoreceptors send signals to the cerebral cortex where the change from room temperature to refrigerator temperature is transduced. d. Thermoreceptors in the skin undergo accommodation, which increases their sensitivity. e. Thermoreceptors send signals to the posterior hypothalamus. Refer to the diagram of the ear in the figure below to answer the following questions. 25. Which structure(s) is (are) involved in equalizing the pressure between the ear and the atmosphere? a. 1 and 8 b. 5 and 7 c. 8 d. 9 e Which structure(s) is (are) involved in equilibrium? a. 2, 3, and 4 b. 2, 5, and 7 c. 4 d. 5 e. 7 and Which of the following statements about either hearing or balance is incorrect?

6 a. The semicircular canals respond to rotation of the head. b. Fish have inner ears that sense vibrations in the water. c. The volume of sound is a function of the action potential that reaches the brain. d. In mammals, the tympanic membrane transmits sound to the three middle ear bones. e. In mammals, the middle ear bones transmit sound through the oval window to the coiled cochlea of the inner ear. 28. Which of the following is a correct statement about the cells of the human retina? a. Cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. b. Cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells are. c. Cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. d. Rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. e. Rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells. 29. The central nervous system consists of a. the brain and spinal cord. c. the brain stem and cerebellum. b. the spinal nerves only. d. the cerebrum and spinal cord. 30. Gray matter includes a. cell bodies of c. myelin. neurons. b. synapses. d. nodes. 31. Information is carried from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland by a. sensory neurons. c. reticular neurons. b. afferent neurons. d. motor neurons. 32. Sensory neurons transmit messages a. from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland. b. from the brain to the spinal cord. c. from the environment to the spinal cord or brain. d. within the brain. 33. Motor neurons transmit messages a. from the environment to the brain. b. from the environment to the spinal cord. c. from the spinal cord to the brain. d. from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland.

7 34. The peripheral nervous system a. is not linked to the central nervous system. b. provides pathways to and from the central nervous system. c. consists of the cerebellum and spinal cord. d. is composed only of motor neurons. 35. The autonomic nervous system controls a. reflexes. b. voluntary movement. c. involuntary functions of the internal organs. d. locomotion. 36. The body s response to a physical threat involves activity of the a. autonomic nervous system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. peripheral nervous system. 37. A reflex a. may involve two or three neurons. b. is not under conscious control. c. is not learned. 38. Extensions at one end of a neuron s body that receive input are called a. axons. c. synapses. b. cell bodies. d. dendrites. 39. Neurotransmitters are a. electrical impulses. b. found only in neurons with myelin sheaths. c. released at synapses. d. produced by muscles. 40. The respond(s) to dim light coming into the eye. a. cones c. cornea b. lens d. rods 41. iris : amount of light entering the eye :: a. rod : amount of light entering the eye b. cornea : shape of the lens c. lens : point of focus on the retina d. retina : movement of iris muscle 42. Hair cells in the semicircular canals detect a. motion of the head. b. loudness. c. the direction of gravity. d. the direction of sounds. 43. Specialized hearing receptors are found in the a. cornea. c. cochlea. b. semicircular canals. d. cerebellum.

8 44. When we hear a sound, a. sound waves enter the ear canal and strike the eardrum. b. the fluid in the cochlea moves. c. the auditory nerve carries nerve impulses to the brain. 45. Stimulants and depressants are named for their effects on a. the respiratory system. b. the digestive system. c. behavior. d. the central nervous system. 46. In order for a hormone to work, a. it must reach its target cell. b. it must bind to a receptor protein. c. its message must cross a cell membrane. 47. Refer to the illustration above. The gland that produces insulin is gland a. 1. c. 3. b. 2. d Refer to the illustration above. The gland that is stimulated during emergency situations (causing the fight-or-flight response) is gland a. 1. c. 3. b. 2. d Thyroxine a. stimulates cell metabolism and growth. b. slows growth of its target cells. c. stimulates synthesis of DNA. 50. Which of the following hormones raises the blood sugar level? a. glucagon c. oxytocin b. insulin d. ADH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 45.1 Concept 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept 45.3

9 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Concept ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: