Immune System. Grade Level: 4-6

Transcription

1 Immune System Grade Level: 4-6 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 4 Activity Page pages 5 Practice Page page 6 Homework Page page 7 Answer Key page 8 9

2 Classroom Procedure: 1. Ask: Who has ever been sick and what was the illness? 2. Allow for responses and discussion. 3. Ask: What do you think caused the sickness and how did you get better? 4. Allow for responses and discussion. 5. Ask: Why do you think you do not get sick every day? 6. Allow for responses and discussion? 7. Ask: Have you ever had shots for anything? Why? 8. Allow for responses and discussion. Introduce the body s immune system, telling students it is used to protect them from illnesses. 9. Distribute Immune System content pages. Read and review the information with the students. Use the additional resources to enhance understanding. Discuss the final two questions at the closing of the lesson. 10. Distribute Activity page. Read and review the instructions. 11. Distribute Practice page. Check and review the students responses. Allow different students to read about how a vaccine works in the body. 12. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, check and review the students responses. 13. In closing, allow students to respond to the content page questions: What prevents you from getting enough sleep? What causes you to worry? 14. Allow students to discuss the responses. Stress the importance of getting enough rest and sleep. This is also an opportunity for students to unload on things they may worry about in their lives. Encourage students to find ways to cope with the stress they may face. 15. Remind students that being mentally and emotionally healthy helps with keeping the body healthy. Approximate Grade Level: 4-6 Objectives: The students will be able to define describe the immune system, its parts, and how it works to keep the human body healthy. Common Core State Standards: CSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.7 Class Sessions (45 minutes): At least 2 class sessions. Teaching Materials/Worksheets: Immune System content pages (2), Activity page, Practice page, Homework page Student Supplies: Scrap paper, writing paper or access to word processing program, handouts Prepare Ahead of Time: Copy handouts. Options for Lesson: Students may work alone or in threes for the activity. Distribute construction paper or similar supplies for students to display their stories. Also, you may require students to include drawings or sketches for the activity. Send a letter home to parents asking if their child has allergies, and with permission, the student may discuss the precautions he or she must take due to the allergies. Assign each student in the class a part of the immune system to research and present to the class. Invite a doctor or other medical professional to the class to help explain the immune system to the students. Assign the Practice page to complete prior to beginning the Activity page. 2

3 Teacher Notes The lesson introduces the students to the human body s immune system and several of its parts. It explains how the immune system works and its interaction and effect on the body. Prior to the lesson, the students should have some understanding of the human body and its organs and systems and how they work together. In addition, the students learn how to keep their immune system working well leading to good health. Additional Resources: CONTENT: (And video) WORKSHEETS: VIDEOS: (9 min) (7 min) (5 min) (4 min-no narration) (Intro to ) 3

4 Immune System The human body often takes care of itself without the person who owns the body knows what is happening. The body takes care itself through its immune system. The immune system is in charge of keeping the body safe from invading germs that try to attack it every day. The immune system involves the different organs of the body, as well as works together with the circulatory system, which controls the flow of blood throughout the body. Everywhere around you there are things in the air trying to attack your body. The immune system defends the body against attacks by these germs and bacteria in the air, from other people, or in foods. The immune system is made up of cells just like the rest of your body. The system includes the skin, white blood cells, and the lymph system. The immune system works like a fort protecting the body and will increase its defenses when it is necessary. OUR DEFENSE SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEM CELL SKIN: The first defense against germs, or antigens, entering the body. Covers the body like a guard against harmful bacteria. Body must be kept clean. It is the first place germs attack. Germs spread easily through contact with the skin. Handwashing helps prevent the spread of germs and bacteria. WHITE BLOOD CELLS: The watchers of the blood. Three types of white blood cells called lymphocytes (see below), neutrophils, and macrophages. Neutrophils move in the blood seeking out germs and bacteria that should not be there. Macrophages are the biggest blood cells. They live throughout the body and help keep it clean during the healing process. White blood cells are made constantly since they live for a few weeks. Other types of white blood cells attack germs and bacteria when they are detected in the body. 4

5 LYMPHOCYTES: White blood cells that attack infections. Types of infections attacked: viral and bacterial. Two types of lymphocytes. T-cells and B-cells T-cells find hidden germs or unhealthy cells and destroy them. B-cells produce antibodies (proteins produced to fight the germs) and are used for specific germs. A B-cell attaches itself to the germ and then other white blood cells in the body know it needs to be destroyed. There are also Helper T-Cells that tell B-cells to start making antibodies, and instruct Killer T-cells to attack. The Killer T-cells destroy infected cells. Memory cells remember the germs that attacked the body, and when the same germs come back again they are ready to fight them off. LYMPH SYSTEM: Includes lymphocytes which travel through the body. Lymph fluid travels to different parts of the body where it will pick up bacteria and viruses. It carries them to lymph nodes- glands that collect and destroy the bacteria and viruses before it travels to the rest of the body. 5

6 Some germs, though, actually help make the immune system stronger. When the body remembers the bad germs that attack, it is then ready for it if it comes back to cause problems again. It is important for the body to be exposed to some germs because the immune system can then fight off the germs when they come back. This is how a vaccine works. A vaccine is a weak virus that is actually injected into the body for the immune system to fight against. The weak virus has been changed so you do not get sick from it. If the real disease or virus tries to attack, the antibodies that were produced against the weak virus will destroy the real virus. Allergies are the result of the immune system attacking too often. The system falsely believes the safe food product or other item is a bacteria or virus so it begins to attack it, which causes symptoms such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, sore throat, hives, and stomach cramps. Sometimes the immune system attacks healthy cells too. When this happens, the person will have an auto immune disease. The body believes its own cells are unhealthy. If someone has this disease it can cause a variety of problems and must be controlled by medication. How do you help the immune system? Some people have stronger immune systems than other people, but keeping it healthy is important for everyone. Reducing stress and getting enough sleep are two simple ways in keeping the immune system healthy. The immune system will begin to break down if the body gets less than five hours sleep. Worrying and getting stressed also slows down the immune system. Of course, it is also important to eat right, exercise, as well as washing your hands to prevent the spread of germs. The immune system is working when you get better after you get sick, a cut heals, you do not catch the same disease over again, you get swollen glands, you get swelling and soreness around a cut. The immune system works together along with other organs of the body and the circulatory system to keep the body healthy and strong. What prevents you from getting enough sleep? What causes you to worry? 6

7 Activity Name Date Instructions 1. You and your partner are germs or bacteria trying to enter a human body. You may also be a cell from the immune system. 2. Write an imaginary story describing your experience as you try to enter the human body from the exterior of the body to the interior of the body. 3. The story must be told from the perspective of the germs or cells. 4. Your story can be humorous, serious, or a little of both. Be creative. 5. Throughout the story, include the terms below and underline them in the story. 6. You may also include small drawings or sketches as part of the story. 7. When another person completes the story, they should be able to understand the parts of the immune system and how it helps the human body. 8. Once completed, you and your partner will read the story to the class. (You may also write it as a play with you and your partner having parts.) Terms to be Used in the Story (Place an X next to the term as it is used. You may add or remove the -s) List ideas, take notes, and then create a rough draft. Next, write or type the final copy of your story. 7

8 Practice Name Date Using your own words, describe how a vaccine works: 8

9 Homework Name Date Fill in each blanks using the word bank The immune system is in charge of keeping the body safe from invading that try to attack your body each day. It works closely with the circulatory system which controls the flow of throughout the body. Germs and bacteria can be found everywhere and may enter through your mouth, nose, or. This is the first against the germs, also called, that try to enter your body. Because of this, you must keep your clean, especially your hands, washing them to prevent the of germs between others. There are special cells in your body called blood cells. Included in these cells are lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. These cells move through the blood seeking out germs and. The macrophages are the cells. The white blood cells only live for a few. There are two types of lymphocytes called T-cells and. One of them finds hidden germs or cells and destroy them. The other type produces antibodies which are to fight the germs. Memory, Helper, and Killer also cells assisting in the against germs and bacteria. The lymph system includes a that travels to different parts of the body. It travels to lymph that collect and destroy the bacteria before it reaches the rest of the body. There are some germs which help the body, which is how a works. It is a weak virus into the body to fool the body into thinking it is the real virus. The body produces antibodies for the time when the real virus tries to the body. The real virus is then destroyed. An allergy is the result of the system attacking too often, and auto immune disease is what happens when the immune system attacks the cells of the body. Two of the best ways to the immune system is getting plenty of rest and sleep plus trying not to worry so much or become stressed. The immune system is needed to keep the body healthy and. 9

10 Practice Answer Key Name Date Using your own words, describe how a vaccine works: Answers may vary 10

11 Homework Answer Key Name Date Fill in each blanks using the word bank The immune system is in charge of keeping the body safe from invading germs that try to attack your body each day. It works closely with the circulatory system which controls the flow of blood throughout the body. Germs and bacteria can be found everywhere and may enter through your mouth, nose, or skin. This is the first defense against the germs, also called antigens, that try to enter your body. Because of this, you must keep your body clean, especially your hands, washing them regularly to prevent the spread of germs between others. There are special cells in your body called white blood cells. Included in these cells are lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. These cells move through the blood seeking out germs and bacteria. The macrophages are the biggest cells. The white blood cells only live for a few weeks. There are two types of lymphocytes called T-cells and B-cells. One of them finds hidden germs or unhealthy cells and destroy them. The other type produces antibodies which are proteins to fight the germs. Memory, Helper, and Killer also cells assisting in the battle against germs and bacteria. The lymph system includes a fluid that travels to different parts of the body. It travels to lymph nodes that collect and destroy the bacteria before it reaches the rest of the body. There are some germs which help the body, which is how a vaccine works. It is a weak virus injected into the body to fool the body into thinking it is the real virus. The body produces antibodies for the time when the real virus tries to attack the body. The real virus is then destroyed. An allergy is the result of the immune system attacking too often, and auto immune disease is what happens when the immune system attacks the healthy cells of the body. Two of the best ways to boost the immune system is getting plenty of rest and sleep plus trying not to worry so much or become stressed. The immune system is needed to keep the body healthy and strong. 11