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1 JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 12 December 2012 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: /jcm Copyright 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 Biographical Feature; Michael A. Pfaller, M.D Stephen A. Moser, Ph.D.# Department of Pathology Division of Laboratory Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL Corresponding Author: moser@uab.edu Downloaded from on December 11, 2018 by guest

2 Michael A. Pfaller is an accomplished physician, educator and researcher in the areas of antifungal agents and resistance, the epidemiology of bacterial and fungal infections, and in the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in hospital infection control. Dr. Pfaller is a life-long Oregonian. He attended Linfield College, a small private liberal arts college located in McMinnville, Oregon, where he majored in chemistry and graduated magna cum laude in 1972 with a B.A. degree. After graduation he attended Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri where he earned his M.D. degree in 1976 and met his wife, Bev, who was also a medical student at Washington University. Following an internship in surgery at The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis at Washington University, Dr. Pfaller served in the Indian Health Service until 1979 as a General Medical Officer (U.S.-PHS) at Red Lake Indian Health Service Hospital in Red Lake, Minnesota. During his tenure at Washington University, Dr. Pfaller was encouraged by Dr. George Kobayashi, an early pioneer in medical mycology, to pursue a career in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Heeding this advice, he returned in 1979 to St. Louis to pursue further training, and entered the Laboratory Medicine residency program at Barnes Hospital (Barnes- Jewish Hospital) at Washington University School of Medicine. Concurrent with his training in Laboratory Medicine, he completed a two-year research fellowship in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases from 1980 to He completed his postgraduate training in Laboratory Medicine as Chief Resident from 1982 to 1983 and received his board certification in Clinical Pathology the same year. Dr. Jay M. McDonald, then Chief of the Division of Laboratory Medicine at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Hospital, describes Dr. Pfaller as someone who put patients first, was quietly assertive, extremely confident, and as Chief Resident led by example. These are characteristics that Dr. Pfaller has maintained throughout his career.

3 Following his residency Dr. Pfaller was recruited by the University of Iowa as Assistant Professor, Assistant Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Director of Special Microbiology Laboratory, and Director of the Chlamydia-Herpesvirus Laboratory at The University of Iowa Hospitals. He was promoted to the position of Co-director of Clinical Microbiology in 1986 and Professor in He also served as Director of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology Laboratories at the Veterans Affairs hospital located on the campus of the University of Iowa (1984 to 1990). Most clinical microbiologists would be fully occupied with only one of these responsibilities; however, this exemplifies the work ethic and productivity of Dr. Pfaller. Hospital infection control and epidemiology was a topic that Dr. Pfaller focused on from 1984 to 1997 (72 publications). He helped establish the role of the clinical microbiologist and the Microbiology Laboratory in epidemiology and hospital infection control. The emphasis was on a team approach involving the clinical microbiologist, hospital epidemiologist, and infection control professional to control the transmission of hospital-acquired infections by yeasts, bacteria, and viruses. In 1991 he returned to his home state of Oregon as Professor and Vice-Chair of the Department of Pathology, Medical Director of the Clinical Laboratories and Medical Director of the Medical Technology Training Program at the Oregon Health Sciences University. However, he must have missed the corn fields and the Iowa Hawkeyes, returning to the University of Iowa in Dr. Pfaller picked up where he left off serving as Co-Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Director of the Virology Laboratory, Co-Director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory, and interim Director of Clinical Laboratories at the University of Iowa Hospitals until his retirement as Professor Emeritus in He has continued to publish,

4 participate in CLSI committees and is currently a Consultant to JMI Laboratories, North Liberty IA. In addition to Dr. Pfaller s clinical and academic responsibilities he was an active teacher in the areas of the epidemiology of infectious diseases, medical microbiology, clinical microbiology and antifungal chemotherapy and susceptibility testing. He supervised and mentored over 30 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in Clinical Epidemiology and in Clinical Microbiology. When former trainees were contacted for comment, a common theme was his strength as a mentor to students, fellows, and junior faculty. Dr. Pfaller was one of the first individuals to realize the threat to public health caused by nosocomial and community-acquired fungal infections. He made three seminal contributions in response to this threat. First, he developed a series of surveillance programs [NEMIS, SCOPE and SENTRY] based at the University of Iowa to capture epidemiologic data on such infections as well as to document antifungal resistance in the causative fungal isolates. Second, he pioneered efforts to develop and validate in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing methods in broth microdilution, solid medium (E-test), and disk diffusion as member then Chair of the CLSI Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility. He made critical contributions to the development of the CLSI breakpoints for species of Candida and Aspergillus. Finally, he was one of the first individuals to apply molecular typing methods in epidemiologic studies of antifungal resistance and hospital acquired infections. These contributions have served to document the critical threats posed by fungal infections in hospitalized populations, and have provided a foundation for prevention and control efforts. Over his career Dr. Pfaller has authored or co-authored 685 articles in 72 different peerreviewed scientific journals, including 172 articles in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology alone; more than 70 book chapters and 15 books. He has served as a volume editor for three editions of

5 the Manual of Clinical Microbiology and is currently the Co-Editor in Chief of the 11 th edition of the ASM Manual of Clinical Microbiology, and section editor for the Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. Along with colleagues Pat Murray and Ken Rosenthal, he also authored and edited several editions of the textbook Medical Microbiology, which is used in microbiology courses throughout the world. His memberships on the ASM Committee on Laboratory Practices in Microbiology, the CAP Microbiology Resource Committee, and the ASCP Council on Microbiology have promoted the profession of clinical microbiology. He served as a member of a working group of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO, Geneva), in which he has contributed toward establishing global standards for antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility testing. He also serves on the Editorial Boards of several prestigious journals, including the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews and Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Dr. Pfaller is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and of the Infectious Disease Society of America. He is the recipient of the American Society for Microbiology BD Award for Research in Clinical Microbiology and the Billy H. Cooper Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Medical Mycology given by the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas. He has also been a Littman Lecturer and Maxell Littman Award Recipient, from the Medical Mycology Society of New York City. Dr. Pfaller has numerous invited lectureships among them the Foundation Lecturer for the British Society for Medical Mycology. Few individuals have contributed more to the discipline of clinical microbiology than has Michael A. Pfaller. As a laboratorian, as an educator and as researcher, his contributions have

6 been truly without precedent. The Journal of Clinical Microbiology is privileged to honor Dr. Pfaller with this acknowledgement. 110

7 7 111 Selected Bibliography Pfaller MA Strain variation among Candida species. Application of various typing methods to study the epidemiology and pathogenesis of candidiasis in hospitalized patients. Infect. Control. 8: Pfaller MA. Nosocomial candidiasis: Emerging species, reservoirs and modes of transmission. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22(Suppl 2):S89-S94. Pfaller MA, Rex JH, Rinaldi MG Antifungal susceptibility testing: Technical advances and potential clinical applications. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24: Pfaller MA, Herwaldt LA The clinical microbiology laboratory and infection control: Emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and new technology. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25: Pfaller MA, Lockhart SR, Pujol C, Messer SA, Edmond MB, Jones RN, Wenzel RP, Soll DR Hospital specificity, region specificity, and fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans blood stream isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Messer SA, Edmond MB, Wenzel RP National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to species of Candida other than Candida albicans: Frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30:

8 Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Sader HS, Hollis RJ, Messer SA International surveillance of blood stream infections due to Candida species: Frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and South America for the SENTRY Program. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Mills K, Bolmstrom A In vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: comparison of Etest and reference microdilution methods for determining itraconazole MICs. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, Jones RN, and the International Fungal Surveillance Participant Group In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and four licensed systemic antifungal agents against Candida species infrequently isolated from blood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: Pfaller JB, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA In vitro susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp.: Comparison of Etest and microdilution methods for determining voriconazole and itraconazole MICs. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, Rice C, Tendolkar S, Diekema DJ In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 48:

9 Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Rinaldi MG, Barnes R, Hu B, Veselov AV, Tiraboschi N, Nagy E, Gibbs DL, and the Global Antifungal Surveillance Group Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study: a 6.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida and other yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole by standardization disk diffusion testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: Pfaller MA, Diekema, Sheehan DJ Interpretive breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida revisited: a blueprint for the future of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19: Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, Rice C, Tendolkar S, Hollis RJ, Diekema DJ Use of fluconazole as a surrogate marker to predict susceptibility and resistance to voriconazole among 13,338 clinical isolates of Candida spp. tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Instituterecommended broth microdilution methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Boyken L, Tendolkar S, Kroeger J, Diekema DJ Variation in susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata to fluconazole according to patient age and geographic location in the U.S., J Clin Microbiol 47: Pfaller MA and Diekema DJ Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 36: Pfaller MA, Andes D, Diekema DJ, Espinel-Ingroff A, Sheehan D, CLSI Subcommittee for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Wild-type MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values and species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida: Time for

10 harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST broth microdilution methods. Drug Resist. Updat. 13: Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Gibbs DL, Newell VA, Ellis D, Tullio V, Rodloff A, Fu W, Ling TA Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: A 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida species to fluconazole and voriconazole as determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48: Pfaller MA, Andes D, Arendrup MC, Diekema DJ, Brown SD, Motyl M, Perlin DS, Espinel- Ingroff A, Alexander BD Clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida spp. revisited: Review of microbiologic, molecular, pharmacodynamic, and clinical data as they pertain to the development of species-specific interpretive criteria. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 70: Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Andes D, Arendrup MC, Brown SD, Lockhart SR, Motyl M, Perlin DS Clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida revisited: Integration of molecular, clinical, and microbiological data to arrive at species-specific interpretive criteria. Drug Resist. Updat. 14: Pfaller MA, Castanheira M, Lockhart SR, Ahlquist AM, Messer SA, Jones RN Frequency of decreased susceptibility and resistance to echinocandins among fluconazoleresistant bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50:

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