The CQUIN Learning Network The Science & Practice of Scale Up
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1 The Science & Practice of Scale Up Viral Load Utilization: Why Don t We Use Viral Load Results? Gech Kassa ICAP Columbia Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health June The Kingdom of Eswantini
2 Outline Introduction and Context RVLT Result Utilization: Challenges What Works? 2
3 Introduction Routine viral load testing (RVLT) is a critical component of successful HIV treatment If used correctly, RVLT has the potential to optimize the effectiveness of ART by: Assisting clinicians to detect early ART failure Facilitating adherence counseling Averting HIV resistance (if paired with effective interventions) Identifying patients who are eligible for differentiated service delivery (DSD) MOH and their partners have emphasized the scale up of RVLT coverage But without appropriate utilization of VL test results, coverage will not have the desired impact 3
4 What do we mean by Viral Load Utilization?
5 IllustraNve data Utilization in the Viral Load Cascade Viral Load Results UNlizaNon % of eligible panents on ART Eligible for RVLT RVLT requested by HCW RVLT specimen collected RVLT specimen transported to lab VL test performed Results returned to clinic Results entered into chart Results shared with panent Results used to guide tx
6 The VL Utilization Cascade (Illustrative data) 4,000 3,500 Enhanced Adherence Counseling 3,000 Number of Pa,ents 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 DSD 500 Switch ART 0 Unsuppressed VL (UVL) 1st EAC session 2nd EAC session 3rd EAC session repeat VL Persistent UVL Switched ART
7 Viral Load Utilization is the Gateway to DSD In many countries, suppressed VL is an eligibility criteria for DSD In order to be categorized as stable a client must have suppressed VL If VL is not suppressed, clients may be eligible for DSD models designed for unstable clients (patients at high risk of HIV disease progression) Both RVLT coverage and effective utilization are needed to take DSD to scale 7
8 Outline Introduction and Context RVLT Result Utilization: Challenges What Works? 8
9 Why Worry about VL Utilization? Test utilization is often suboptimal Approximately 50% of CD4 and EID tests performed in SSA were never used [Peter et al. JIAS 2017] Early warning signs for RVLT: In a national review from Kenya, only 4.1% of patients with unsuppressed VL (UVL) had a repeat VL test; only 1.6% of these occurred within 4 months [Mwau et al. PLoS One 2017] In a retrospective cohort study in Mozambique, ONLY 35% of patients with UVL had a repeat VL test [Swannet et al. Int Health 2017]
10 Why Worry about VL Utilization? Since everyone with an unsuppressed VL should be retested, these data indicate that results were used in < 10% of pa,ents. Lara Vojnov, WHO Addis Ababa, 2017 Why are we scaling up viral load coverage if we are not using the results?
11 Why is VL Utilization so Challenging? ü Test Results ü Clinician ü Patient Action!
12 What is the Problem? 1 Identifying unsuppressed viral load (UVL) Systematically connecting results to patients, getting data into a chart or register Flagging as an emergency
13 What is the Problem? 2 Acting on the results Identifying a responsible individual Incentivizing urgent action Contacting/recalling patients
14 What is the Problem? 3 Supporting patient engagement Counseling Transportation support Demand creation
15 Outline Introduction and Context RVLT Result Utilization: Challenges What Works? 15
16 What Works? VL focal persons / champions Immediate (daily) review of VL results UVL patient forms UVL registers Stickers on charts / color-coded files UVL management SOPs Standardized EAC strategies and tools Case managers Quality improvement BUT ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL
17 Enhanced Adherence Counseling Resources Viral load toolkit (CDC & ICAP) Training curriculum Flip charts Job aides and tools for health workers
18 Thank You 18
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