Achieve universal primary education

Transcription

1 GOAL 2 Achieve universal primary education TARGET Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Considerable progress has been made in expanding primary education enrolment since 1990, particularly since the adoption of the MDGs in The global number of out-of-school children has fallen considerably since 1990, although the pace of improvement has been insufficient to achieve universal primary enrolment by Currently, 57 million children of primary school age are estimated to be out of school, down from 100 million in Of these, 33 million are in sub-saharan Africa, and more than half (55 percent) are girls. The primary school net enrolment rate in the developing regions has reached an estimated 91 percent in 2015, up from 83 percent in The number of out-of-school children of primary school age worldwide has fallen by almost half, to an estimated 57 million in 2015, from 100 million in Between 1990 and 2012, the number of children enrolled in primary school in sub-saharan Africa more than doubled, from 62 to 149 million. In the developing regions,children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households. The literacy rate among youth aged 15 to 24 has increased globally from 83 percent to 91 percent between 1990 and 2015.

2 GOAL 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 1. Halt and begin to reverse, by 2015, the spread of HIV/AIDS 2. Achieve universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it 3. Halt and begin to reverse, by 2015, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases The number of people newly infected with HIV continues to decline in many regions of the world. Access to antiretroviral therapy has increased at a remarkable pace, averting millions of deaths. Unfortunately knowledge of HIV and HIV prevention remains low among young people. Similarly, increased global attention to the devastating effects of malaria has produced significant results, and the burden of tuberculosis has declined, thanks to effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment. New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 percent between 2000 and 2013, from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million. By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally; ART averted 7.6 million deaths from AIDS between 1995 and Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-saharan Africa. Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment saved 37 million lives.

3 GOAL 8 Develop a global partnership for development 1. Develop further an open, rules-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system 2. Address the special needs of least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states 3. Deal comprehensively with developing countries debt 4. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries 5. In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially ICTs Official development assistance to least developed countries increased significantly over the MDG period. Official development assistance has plateaued in recent years, after increasing significantly in the first decade of the new millennium. Imports from developing countries, especially from least developed countries, increasingly receive preferential treatment from developed countries. Greater funding and innovation are crucial to the implementation of the post development agenda. Official development assistance from developed countries increased by 66 percent in real terms between 2000 and In 2014, 79 percent of imports from developing to developed countries were admitted duty free. The proportion of external debt service to export revenue in developing countries fell from 12 percent in 2000 to 3 percent in As of 2015, 95 percent of the world s population is covered by a mobilecellular signal. Only one third of the population in the developing regions use the Internet, compared to 82 percent in the developed regions

4 GOAL 7 Ensure environmental sustainability 1. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources 2. Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss 3. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 4. Achieve, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers Deforestation has slowed, but global greenhouse gas emissions continue their upward trend. In recent years, the net loss of forest area has slowed, due to both a slight decrease in deforestation and an increase in afforestation. Deforestation, forest degradation and poor forest management release carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. A continual rise in greenhouse gas emissions is projected to further warm the planet and cause long-lasting changes in the climate system, threatening severe and irreversible consequences for people and ecosystems. Ozone-depleting substances have been virtually eliminated, and the ozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of this century. Global emissions of carbon dioxide have increased by over 50 percent since In 2015, 91 percent of the global population uses an improved drinking water source, up from 76 percent in Since 1990, 2.1 billion people have gained access to improved sanitation, and the proportion of people practising open defecation globally has fallen almost by half. The proportion of the urban population living in slums in the developing regions fell from 39.4 percent to 29.7 percent between 2000 and 2014.

5 GOAL 4 TARGET Reduce child mortality Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the mortality rate of children under five Substantial progress in reducing child mortality has been made, but more children can be saved from death due to preventable causes. Focusing on newborns and reducing socioeconomic disparities are critical to further accelerate progress in child survival. The global under-five mortality rate has declined by more than half, dropping from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births between 1990 and The rate of reduction in under five mortality has more than tripled globally since the early 1990s. Measles vaccination helped prevent nearly 15.6 million deaths between 2000 and About 84 percent of children worldwide received at least one dose of measles-containing vaccine in Every day in 2015, 16,000 children under five continue to die, mostly from preventable causes. Child survival must remain the focus of the post-2015 development agenda.

6 GOAL 3 TARGET Promote gender equality and empower women Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015 Much progress has been made towards women s and girls equality in education, employment and political representation, but many gaps remain. Since 1995, when the Beijing Platform for Action on women s empowerment was adopted, the global average proportion of women in parliament has nearly doubled, growing from 11 per cent in 1995 to 22 percent in January Women in parliament have gained ground in nearly 90 percent of the 174 countries for which data are available for About two thirds of countries in developing regions have achieved gender parity in primary education. Globally, about three quarters of working-age men participate in the labour force, compared to half of working-age women. Today, women make up 41 percent of paid workers outside of agriculture, an increase from 35 percent in The average proportion of women in parliament has nearly doubled over the past 20 years, but still only one in five members is female.

7 GOAL 5 Improving Maternal Health 1. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio 2. Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Maternal survival has significantly improved since the adoption of the MDGs. Southern Asia and Eastern Asia have made the greatest progress in reducing maternal mortality. Despite this progress, every day hundreds of women die during pregnancy or from childbirth-related complications. Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut nearly in half, and most of the reduction has occurred since More than 71 percent of births were assisted by skilled health personnel globally in 2014, an increase from 59 percent in In the developing regions, only 56 percent of births in rural areas are attended by skilled health personnel, compared with 87 percent in urban areas. Only half of pregnant women in developing regions receive the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. Just 51 percent of countries have data on maternal cause of death.

8 GOAL 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 1. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day* 2. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people 3. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger The global mobilization behind the Millennium Development Goals has produced the most successful anti-poverty movement in history, according to UN Secretary-General Ban Kimoon. The MDG target of reducing by half the proportion of people living in extreme poverty was achieved in 2010, well ahead of the 2015 deadline. Since 1990, more than 1 billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half. One in seven children worldwide are underweight, down from one in four in Despite progress, almost half of the world s employed people work in vulnerable conditions. By the end of 2014, conflicts had forced almost 60 million people to abandon their homes.