Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report
|
|
- Kimberly Webster
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report Alagiri Sivaranjini, Sekar Uma, Kindo Anupma Jyoti, V. Shankar ABSTRACT Introduction: Cryptococcus species is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in the world today. The clinical differences between the two Cryptococcus species, namely, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii depends on the ecology, epidemiology, virulence of the strain and immune status of the host. Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental fungus of the tropics and subtropics but is now known to cause sporadic infections in non-endemic regions as well. Case Report: This paper reports a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a young, immunocompetent male, in South India, which is deemed a non-endemic region for Cryptococcus gattii infections. The patient presented with sub acute symptoms of headache and visual disturbances of two months duration. Cerebrospinal fluid was sent for investigation. Diagnosis was done by demonstration of capsule by microscopy, culture, detection of capsular antigen by latex agglutination and further confirmed by gene sequencing. In spite of intensive therapy, the disease progressed rapidly and the patient succumbed to the infection. Conclusion: Cryptococcus gattii, which was reported as a fungal pathogen of the endemics, is no longer considered as an accidental pathogen. Prompt detection and timely intervention is of utmost importance in treating this serious infection. International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties. Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations. IJCRI publishes Review Articles, Case Series, Case Reports, Case in Images, Clinical Images and Letters to Editor. Website: (This page in not part of the published article.)
2 Sivaranjini et al. 702 CASE case REPORT report Peer Reviewed OPEN ACCESS Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report Alagiri Sivaranjini, Sekar Uma, Kindo Anupma Jyoti, V. Shankar Abstract Introduction: Cryptococcus species is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in the world today. The clinical differences between the two Cryptococcus species, namely, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii depends on the ecology, epidemiology, virulence of the strain and immune status of the host. Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental fungus of the tropics and subtropics but is now known to cause sporadic infections in non-endemic regions as well. Case Report: This paper reports a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a young, immunocompetent male, in South India, which is deemed a non-endemic region for Cryptococcus gattii infections. The patient presented with sub acute symptoms of headache and visual disturbances of two months duration. Cerebrospinal fluid was sent for investigation. Diagnosis was done by demonstration of capsule Alagiri Sivaranjini 1, Sekar Uma 2, Kindo Anupma Jyoti 3, V. Shankar 4 Affiliations: 1 MBBS, Final year post graduate in MD Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India; 2 Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India; 3 Professor, Department of Microbiolgy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India; 4 Professor of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India. Corresponding Author: Dr. Anupma Jyoti Kindo, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India ; Ph: ; anupmalakra@ gmail. com Received: 02 July 2015 Accepted: 22 August 2015 Published: 01 November 2015 by microscopy, culture, detection of capsular antigen by latex agglutination and further confirmed by gene sequencing. In spite of intensive therapy, the disease progressed rapidly and the patient succumbed to the infection. Conclusion: Cryptococcus gattii, which was reported as a fungal pathogen of the endemics, is no longer considered as an accidental pathogen. Prompt detection and timely intervention is of utmost importance in treating this serious infection. Keywords: Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Invasive fungal infections, Meningitis How to cite this article Sivaranjini A, Uma S, Jyoti KA, Shankar V. Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report. Int J Case Rep Images 2015;6(11): doi: /ijcri cr INTRODUCTION Invasive fungal infections are a significant threat to immunocompromised patients. Recently, reports of systemic mycosis in previously healthy individuals are on the rise [1]. This may be attributed to the evolution of the fungal pathogens with increased virulence. This necessitates a high index of suspicion for fungal infections with atypical presentations. Cryptococcus neoformans species complex belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota. These group of yeasts can cause fatal infections of the central nervous system, lung and skin not only in humans but also in animals.
3 C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) and C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) have been isolated worldwide, causing disease in immunocompromised hosts. C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B and C), has been recently elevated to species level as Cryptococcus gattii, due to its phenotypic and molecular differences [2, 3]. Moreover, C. gattii infects mainly immunocompetent hosts. It is an environmental fungus, first isolated in Vancouver Islands, British Columbia in By two decades, it has been associated with 176 cases and 8 deaths worldwide [3, 5]. This fungi is generally restricted geographically to the tropical and subtropical climates [6]. It spreads through the inhalation of spores. It is known to produce large space occupying lesions. The sequencing of the genomes of the two species reveals distinct functional differences in similar genes. The microevolution in the genome of C. gattii has lead to a change in its ecological niche and its virulence factors, which explains reports of sporadic cases of C. gattii infections in non-endemic regions [6]. C. gattii meningitis requires a more aggressive and longer duration of therapy when compared to Cryptococcus neoformans. Though reported rarely, prevalence of C. gattii infections is now on the rise [7]. This paper describes a case of primary central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii. The infection was diagnosed by detection of Cryptococcal capsular antigen and demonstration of capsulated yeast cells in negative staining microscopy and further confirmed by culture and gene sequencing. Sivaranjini et al. 703 yeasts, compatible with Cryptococcus species (Figure 2). Fungal culture of the CSF sample on Sabouraud s dextrose agar yielded cream colored, mucoid colonies, which were identified as Cryptococcus gattii by VITEK 2 (BioMerieux, Inc, Durham NC, USA. panel YST ) (Figure 3). The identification was further confirmed by gene sequencing. The sequence has been submitted to the databank. The accession number is Banklt Cryptococcus KT The patient was started on Injection amphotericin B for treatment of meningitis, but since he developed anaphylactic reaction to it, the medication was discontinued. Fluconazole 400 mg per day plus flucytosine100 mg/kg/d in 4 divided doses was given since this patient was unable to tolerate amphotericin B. He was put on mechanical ventilation. A therapeutic lumbar puncture was done to decrease the raised intracranial pressure. A repeat CT brain, done at this point of time, revealed diffuse cerebral edema (Figure 4). A repeat MRI could not be performed. The patient s condition deteriorated through a period of 16 days. Cardiopulmonary decompensation and superadded bacterial infections worsened his condition. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old unmarried male presented to our hospital with chief complaints of headache, bilateral visual disturbance (diplopia), photosensitivity and intermittent fever. He was an engineering graduate by profession, with no history of travel in the previous 5 years. He gave no history of association with animals. His residence was not in proximity to any vegetation which might serve as a source of Cryptococcus infection. He was seronegative for retroviral infection and had no overt immunodeficiency state. It was later found that his CD4 count was below normal (292 cells/mm 3 ). On admission, his systemic examination revealed no abnormalities. Ocular examination showed bilateral lateral rectus palsy and papilledema. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of brain were normal. As the patient developed increasing drowsiness and restlessness, he was admitted in the ICU with a provisional diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. Lumbar puncture was done in which cerebrospinal fluid pressure was high. The CSF parameters showed: sugar-3 mgs/dl, protein 73mg/dl, white blood cells 63 cells/cm 3. red blood cells 26 cells/cm 3. Gram staining of CSF revealed occasional pus cells and plenty of yeast cells with a clear halo, suggestive of capsule (Figure 1). Negative staining with India ink showed plenty of capsulated Figure 1: Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid showing round to oval budding yeast cells ranging from 5 20 µm in size, with clearing around them suggestive of capsule (Magnification x100). Figure 2: Direct microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid with 10% Nigrosin showing round to oval yeast cells ranging from 5 20 µm in size with a distinct halo, suggestive of capsule (Magnification, x100).
4 Sivaranjini et al. 704 Figure 3: 48 hr old culture of Cryptococcus gattii on Sabouraud Dextrose agar without actidione showing mucoid, cream colored colonies. Figure 4: Computed tomography scan of brain (plain study) showing diffuse cerebral edema. response to therapy [1, 9]. Radiographic imaging is used to identify mass lesions, which may be the primary finding in this indolent infection. Phenotypically, C. gattii is differentiated from C. neoformans by L-Canavanineglycine-bromothymol blue agar. Serotypic determination can be by slide agglutination tests. Molecular methods like PCR and gene sequencing aid in the confirmation of the isolate to species level. Cryptococcal meningitis is treated in 3 phases: Induction (AmpB plus Flucytosine for 2 weeks), Consolidation (Fluconazole for 8 weeks) and Maintenance (Fluconazole for 6 months to 1 year). The first report of C. gattii as a pathogen was in 1896 by pathologist, Ferdinand Curtis. First case of human meningitis by C. gattii was reported in 1999 in Vancouver Islands, British Columbia, Canada [5]. Nearly 60 cases of C. gattii infection have been reported in United States during the outbreak in Between 2004 and 2011, 96 cases of C. gattii infections were reported from Pacific Northwest. In India, the first case of C. gattii infection in an AIDS patient was documented by Abraham et al. [8]. Chakrabarti et al. reported five isolates of C. gattii from eucalyptus trees in Northern India, and traced the origin of these trees to Australia, thus validating spread of C. gattii infection in nonendemic areas [10]. Marriott et al. recorded five cases of C. gattii meningitis among seven HIV patients with cryptococcal infection [11]. Few reports of C. gattii meningitis among immunocompetent population of India and other countries are tabulated (Table 1) [12]. It is inferred that though there have been sporadic cases of C. gattii infections in immunocompetent individuals, isolated primary cerebral cryptococcosis is found to be rare. Table 1: Few Reports of cerebral Cryptococcus gattii infections in immunocompetent patients globally. Reported By Year Site Geographical Area After three weeks of intensive therapy, he succumbed to the infection. DISCUSSION Being an environmental fungus of the tropics and subtropics, Cryptococcus gattii has been reported as an accidental infection in apparently immunocompetent individuals, with history of residing in or recent travel to an endemic area like British Columbian Islands and North West Pacific Coast of America. It has a specialized ecological niche in eucalyptus and almond trees [4, 7]. C. gattii more frequently causes pulmonary infections while C. neoformans has increased cerebral tropism [8]. C. gattii meningitis is characterized by larger space occupying lesions than C. neoformans, and associated with more neurological complications increased incidence of neurosurgical intervention and delayed Zahra et al Cerebral Malta, Southern Europe Georgi et al Cerebral Zurich, Switzerland Shu Hao Chang Manoj Kumar Pranigrahi et al Disseminated (Cerebral & Cutaneous) 2010 Disseminated ( Pulmonary & Cerebral) Suchitha et al Disseminated (Cutaneous, Pulmonary & Cerebral) Rajesh T Patil et al. Olivia Cometti et al. Taichung, Taiwan Tamilnadu, India Mysore, India 2013 Cerebral Uttarakhand, India 2014 Cerebral Cuiaba, Brazil
5 The present report is a case of C. gattii meningitis in a young adult who was seronegative for HIV infection and apparently immunocompetent. He presented with indolent signs of meningitis like intensifying headaches and diplopia of two months duration, which later progressed to acute cryptococcal meningitis. Further, anaphylaxis to amphotericin B posed a hurdle in clearing the cryptococcal infection. Hence, the patient was started on fluconazole combined with flucytosine. However, the combination of fluconazole and flucytosine is clinically inferior to amphotericin B based therapy. The patient expired after 23 days of stay in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION This case report heralds the need for suspicion of Cryptococcus gattii infection even in non-endemic regions. It contradicts the popular belief that invasive cryptococcosis is usually caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and not by Cryptococcus gattii. Environmental and clinical surveillance of cryptococcosis is important in preventing under reporting of C. gattii infections in non-endemic areas. ********* Author Contributions Sivaranjini Alagiri Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published Uma Sekar Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Anupma Jyoti Kindo Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published V. Shankar Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Guarantor The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission. Conflict of Interest Authors declare no conflict of interest. Copyright 2015 Sivaranjini Alagiri et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information. REFERENCES Sivaranjini et al Perfect JR. The triple threat of cryptococcosis: it s the body site, the strain, and/or the host. MBio 2012 Jul 10;3(4). pii: e Smith RM, Mba-Jonas A, Tourdjman M, et al. Treatment and outcomes among patients with Cryptococcus gattii infections in the United States Pacific Northwest. PLoS One 2014 Feb 19;9(2):e Kwon-Chung KJ, Boekhout T, Fell JW, Diaz M. Proposal to conserve the name Cryptococcus gattii against C. hondurianus and C. bacillisporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Tremellomycetidae). Taxon 2002;51(4): McLaughlin J. Cryptococcus gattii-an Emerging Infectious Disease in the Pacific Northwest. State of Alaska Epidemiology-Bullettin 2010; Galanis E, Waters S, Li M, Hoang L, MacDougall L, Phillips P. Cryptococcus gattii in BC: Update on an emerging disease. BCMJ 2007;49(7): Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Dec 7;101(49): Springer DJ, Chaturvedi V. Projecting global occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii. Emerg Infect Dis 2010 Jan;16(1): Heitman J. Clinical perspectives on Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococus gattii: implications for diagnosis and management. ASM; p Cogliati M. Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types. Scientifica (Cairo) 2013;2013: Chakrabarti A, Jatana M, Kumar P, Chatha L, Kaushal A, Padhye AA. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India. J Clin Microbiol Dec;35(12): Nagarathna S, Kumari HB, Arvind N, Prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii causing meningitis in a tertiary neurocare center from south India: a pilot study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol Oct- Dec;53(4): da Costa MM, Teixeira FM, Schalcher TR, Mioni Thielli Figueiredo Magalhães de Brito, Valério ES, Monteiro MC. Cryptococcosis, A Risk for Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Individuals. The Open Epidemiology Journal 2013;6:9 17.
6 Sivaranjini et al. 706 Access full text article on other devices Access PDF of article on other devices
7 Edorium Journals Edorium Journals et al. EDORIUM JOURNALS AN INTRODUCTION Edorium Journals: An introduction Edorium Journals Team About Edorium Journals Edorium Journals is a publisher of high-quality, open access, international scholarly journals covering subjects in basic sciences and clinical specialties and subspecialties. Invitation for article submission We sincerely invite you to submit your valuable research for publication to Edorium Journals. But why should you publish with Edorium Journals? In less than 10 words - we give you what no one does. Vision of being the best We have the vision of making our journals the best and the most authoritative journals in their respective specialties. We are working towards this goal every day of every week of every month of every year. Exceptional services We care for you, your work and your time. Our efficient, personalized and courteous services are a testimony to this. Editorial Review All manuscripts submitted to Edorium Journals undergo pre-processing review, first editorial review, peer review, second editorial review and finally third editorial review. Peer Review All manuscripts submitted to Edorium Journals undergo anonymous, double-blind, external peer review. Early View version Early View version of your manuscript will be published in the journal within 72 hours of final acceptance. Manuscript status From submission to publication of your article you will get regular updates (minimum six times) about status of your manuscripts directly in your . Our Commitment Six weeks You will get first decision on your manuscript within six weeks (42 days) of submission. If we fail to honor this by even one day, we will publish your manuscript free of charge. Four weeks After we receive page proofs, your manuscript will be published in the journal within four weeks (31 days). If we fail to honor this by even one day, we will publish your manuscript free of charge and refund you the full article publication charges you paid for your manuscript. Most Favored Author program Join this program and publish any number of articles free of charge for one to five years. Favored Author program One is all it takes to become our favored author. You will not only get fee waivers but also get information and insights about scholarly publishing. Institutional Membership program Join our Institutional Memberships program and help scholars from your institute make their research accessible to all and save thousands of dollars in fees make their research accessible to all. Our presence We have some of the best designed publication formats. Our websites are very user friendly and enable you to do your work very easily with no hassle. Something more... We request you to have a look at our website to know more about us and our services. We welcome you to interact with us, share with us, join us and of course publish with us. CONNECT WITH US Edorium Journals: On Web Browse Journals This page is not a part of the published article. This page is an introduction to Edorium Journals and the publication services.
Pneumopericardium resulting in pneumoperitoneum in a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Pneumopericardium resulting in pneumoperitoneum in a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia Thomas Pennaforte, Antoine Payot ABSTRACT
More informationSuccessful treatment of pneumomediastinum in a patient with interstitial lung disease due to anti-synthetase syndrome: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Successful treatment of pneumomediastinum in a patient with interstitial lung disease due to anti-synthetase syndrome: A case report Roy
More informationProminent tibial tubercles
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Prominent tibial tubercles Michael Flannery, Damien Knudson, Yumeng Zhang ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International
More informationInternational Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Is it just another case of acute uncomplicated cholecystitis? A case of emphysematous cholecystitis an uncommon complication and associated
More informationUnusual root canal anatomy in a maxillary second molar
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Unusual root canal anatomy in a maxillary second molar Toshiko Inoue, Makoto Saito, Fumio Nishimura, Takashi Miyazaki ABSTRACT Abstract
More informationGranular lymphoblast in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare morphology
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Granular lymphoblast in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare morphology Shehab Fareed Mohamed, Dina Sameh Soliman, Firyal Ibrahim
More informationRenal cell carcinoma of the native kidney in a renal transplant recipient
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Renal cell carcinoma of the native kidney in a renal transplant recipient Vikrampal Bhatti, Ananthalaxmi Vangapalli, Deepti Bhattacharya,
More informationA case of idiopathic azygos vein aneurysm
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case of idiopathic azygos vein aneurysm Adrian Iordache, Mary Bernadette Stevenage, Javed Sultan, Andrew Carne ABSTRACT Abstract is not
More informationTrapezo-metacarpal dislocation diagnosed as sprain
www.edoriumjournals.com Letter to Editors open ACCESS Trapezo-metacarpal dislocation diagnosed as sprain Monsef Boufettal, Rida-Allah Bassir, Mohamed S. Berrada, Moradh El Yaacoubi ABSTRACT Abstract is
More informationA rare cause of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding: Colonic lipoma causing intussusception
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A rare cause of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding: Colonic lipoma causing intussusception Daniela Ferreira, Marta Salgado, Isabel
More informationSmall bowel obstruction in an adult patient with situs ambiguous and mid gut malrotation
www.edoriumjournals.com Case report peer REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Small bowel obstruction in an adult patient with situs ambiguous and mid gut malrotation Shwe Phyo Han, Jonathan Grassby ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationInternational Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Porencephalic cyst Mugtaba Alghazali, Ikhlas Abdelaziz, Hatim Zain Alabdeen ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International
More informationDiagnosis and management of two intrapelvic mislocated intrauterine contraceptive devices: A very rare case
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Diagnosis and management of two intrapelvic mislocated intrauterine contraceptive devices: A very rare case ABSTRACT Abstract is not required
More informationSchwannoma of the median nerve
www.edoriumjournals.com LETTERS TO THE EDITOR PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Schwannoma of the median nerve ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International Journal of Case Reports and Images
More informationPerforated inferior vena cava filter removal by concurrent femoral and internal jugular vein approaches
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Perforated inferior vena cava filter removal by concurrent femoral and internal jugular vein approaches Raymond Yap, Ankur Sidhu, Mark
More informationIntrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst mimicking primary lung cancer with atypical radiological findings
www.edoriumjournals.com Case report peer REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst mimicking primary lung cancer with atypical radiological findings Toru Nakamura, Shouichi Takayama, Tomonari
More informationA rare cause of acute pancreatitis: Groove pancreatitis
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A rare cause of acute pancreatitis: Groove pancreatitis Yusuf Kayar, Mehmet Yigit, Iskender Ekinci, Kenan Ahmet Turkdogan ABSTRACT Abstract
More informationMassive subcutaneous emphysema after domestic fall
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Massive subcutaneous emphysema after domestic fall Ida Carine Bø, Erik Waage Nielsen ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images
More informationAnomalous origin of left circumflex coronary artery: An easy pick on transthoracic echocardiography
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Anomalous origin of left circumflex coronary artery: An easy pick on transthoracic echocardiography Keyur Vora, Alok Ranjan ABSTRACT Abstract
More informationUrinary bladder cancer showing surface calcification on computed tomography scanning
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Urinary bladder cancer showing surface calcification on computed tomography scanning Yasuyuki Taooka, Yuka Ide, Gen Takezawa ABSTRACT Abstract
More informationMonotherapy with erythromycin results in severe rhabdomyolysis
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Monotherapy with erythromycin results in severe rhabdomyolysis Lukas Birkner, Dimitri Zolotov, Mario Iasevoli ABSTRACT Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis
More informationSpontaneous subcutaneous orbital emphysema following nose blowing
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Spontaneous subcutaneous orbital emphysema following nose blowing Ozgur Tatli, Faruk Ozsahin, Selim Yurtsever, Gurkan Altuntas ABSTRACT
More informationPouch and tunnel technique: Minimally invasive periodontal plastic surgery for root coverage
www.edoriumjournals.com case Series OPEN ACCESS Pouch and tunnel technique: Minimally invasive periodontal plastic surgery for root coverage Sangeeta Singh ABSTRACT Introduction: The indications for root
More informationBicipitoradial bursitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Bicipitoradial bursitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International Journal
More informationCryptococcus gattii Fungal Meningitis. By Cassy Hedberg BI 234
Cryptococcus gattii Fungal Meningitis By Cassy Hedberg BI 234 This disease s deadliest weapon is the fact you ve never heard of it -Kausik Datta, Post-doctoral Fellow at Johns Hopkins Medicine A deadly
More informationExtensive pericardial thickening without constriction
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Extensive pericardial thickening without constriction ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International Journal of Case
More informationScrub typhus cases in a family
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Scrub typhus cases in a family Yasuyuki Taooka, Gen Takezawa ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International Journal
More information14-ID-07. Standardized Surveillance Case Definition for Cryptococcus gattii infection
14-ID-07 Committee: Infectious Disease Title: tandardized urveillance Case Definition for Cryptococcus gattii infection I. tatement of the Problem Cryptococcal infections are caused by the environmentally
More informationA rare case of huge intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm
www.edoriumjournals.com case Report open ACCESS A rare case of huge intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm Muharrem Battal, Mustafa Ozer Ulukan, Burhan Akdana, Rabia Karasu, Uğur Temel ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationPediatric omental infarction: Value of the laparoscope
www.edoriumjournals.com clinical images PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Pediatric omental infarction: Value of the laparoscope Ian Robertson, Domhnall O Connor, Waqar Khan, Kevin Barry ABSTRACT Abstract is not
More informationReport of a case of pancreatic hemangioma: A difficult preoperative diagnosis
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Report of a case of pancreatic hemangioma: A difficult preoperative diagnosis AL Hashmi Al Warith, Lagrange Xavier, Fara Régis, Camerlo Antoine
More informationNeglected case of hydrocephalus in a five-year-old child
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Neglected case of hydrocephalus in a five-year-old child Moataz Hesham Abdelreheem, Marwa Mohammed Basyouni ABSTRACT Introduction: Hydrocephalus
More informationA case of collagenous colitis with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case of collagenous colitis with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia Yasuyuki Taooka, Yuka Ide, Yusuke Higashi, Gen Takezawa ABSTRACT Abstract
More informationPost laparoscopic massive vulvar edema in woman with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Post laparoscopic massive vulvar edema in woman with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Negjyp Sopa, Mette Toftager ABSTRACT Abstract is
More informationClinical applications of minimally invasive periodontal plastic surgery
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE SERIES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Clinical applications of minimally invasive periodontal plastic surgery Sangeeta Singh, Saravanan SP, Devendra Srivastava, Raghvendra MH, A.
More informationBiphasic T-wave in patient with chest pain (Wellens syndrome)
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Biphasic T-wave in patient with chest pain (Wellens syndrome) Ahmed Zedan, Osama Mukarram, Umer Malik, Raja Naidu ABSTRACT Abstract is
More informationMorel Lavallée lesions: A rare cause of post-traumatic lower back and hip pain
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Morel Lavallée lesions: A rare cause of post-traumatic lower back and hip pain Yuzeng Shen ABSTRACT Introduction: Lower back and hip pain after
More informationToo Competent for Cryptococcus Starr Steinhilber, MD Victoria Johnson, MD
SGIM Clinical Vignettes Session F May 12, 2012 Too Competent for Cryptococcus Starr Steinhilber, MD Victoria Johnson, MD 48 yo healthy AAM Sx Fevers Chills Headache Back pain Vomiting Headache Back pain
More informationAmoebic liver abscess revealing a situs inversus totalis
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Amoebic liver abscess revealing a situs inversus totalis Papa Abdoulaye Bâ, Papa Amath Diagne, Thomas Marcel Mbar Wade, Babacar Mbengue, Balla
More informationIatrogenic saline toxicity complicated by malnutrition
www.edoriumjournals.com case REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Iatrogenic saline toxicity complicated by malnutrition Muhammad Uneib, Parin Rimtepathip, Harold P. Katner ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypotension
More informationKAP conference 19 th March 2008: Dr Mohamed Hussein Jin.
SENSITIVITY PATTERNS, SEROTYPES OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF INDIA INK IN PATIENTS WITH CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL. KAP conference 19 th March 2008: Dr
More informationCryptococcosis*,** *usually considered to be an opportunistic mycosis that often becomes systemic.
Cryptococcosis*,** Definition - a chronic, subacute or rarely acute pulmonary, systemic or meningitic infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans - the encapsulated Blastomycetes anamorph of Filobasidiella
More informationExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the foot: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com case REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the foot: A case report Carlos Cano Gala, Germán Borobio León, Roberto González Alconada, Laura Alonso
More informationdevelop capsules when released from the basidia. Budding may begin after encapsulation, thereby completing the life cycle.
INTRODUCTION Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans which has become increasingly prevalent in immunocompromised patients. The microbiology and epidemiology of Cryptococcus
More informationDengue and typhoid co-infection: A case report from a tertiary care hospital in South India
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE SERIES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Dengue and typhoid co-infection: A case report from a tertiary care hospital in South India Vigna Seshan R.V., Gopalsamy S., Padma Srikanth
More informationA rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm
www.edoriumjournals.com Case Report open ACCESS A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm Negi RC, Brij Sharma, Bhupender, Gaurav Kapoor, Bal Beer Verma, Ashok Sharma
More informationClozapine associated diabetic acidosis
www.edoriumjournals.com Letter To Editor open ACCESS Clozapine associated diabetic acidosis Kalliopi Kotsa, Evangelos Potolidis, Vasiliki Lygoura, Charalampos Mandros, Panagiotis Fanourgiakis ABSTRACT
More informationFungal Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Clin Drug Investig (2013) 33 (Suppl 1):S47 S50 DOI 10.1007/s40261-012-0021-5 CASE REPORT Fungal Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Patient Ricardo Louro Rui Ferreira Catarina Pinheiro Helena Parada Domitília
More informationExtracorporeal membrane oxygenator venovenous in treatment of a fulminant varicella pneumonia in an adult
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator venovenous in treatment of a fulminant varicella pneumonia in an adult Rita Rei Neto, Sara Ferraz, Petra
More informationUse of a fracture table for irreducible bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Use of a fracture table for irreducible bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation: A case report Chelsea S. Mathews, Robert L. Garrison, Regis L.
More informationManagement of osseous defects in aggressive periodontitis: A report of four cases using different techniques
www.edoriumjournals.com case series OPEN ACCESS Management of osseous defects in aggressive periodontitis: A report of four cases using different techniques Sangeeta Singh, Parul Sharma ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationSarcoidosis associated with pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Sarcoidosis associated with pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor Elhadidy Tamer, Morsy Nesreen Elsayed, Abdelwahab Heba Wagih, Refky Basel, Zalata
More informationRole of immunohistochemistry in metastatic clear cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Role of immunohistochemistry in metastatic clear cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma: A case report Yash Pradeep Vaidya, Rajan Vaithianathan,
More informationChallenges in Management of Cryptococcal Meningitis. Yunus Moosa Department of ID NRMSM Durban
Challenges in Management of Cryptococcal Meningitis Yunus Moosa Department of ID NRMSM Durban Overview Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical presentation Diagnosis Prognostic factors Antifungal Treatment
More informationRectosigmoid cancer recurrence surgically treated for bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism and liver metastases: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com Case report peer REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Rectosigmoid cancer recurrence surgically treated for bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism and liver metastases: A case report Hiroshi Maekawa,
More informationCalcified nodule as a cause of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Calcified nodule as a cause of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease Kaitlyn E. Dugan, Akiko Maehara, Raymond Y.
More informationAccidental foveal burn following pan retinal photocoagulation and its long-term outcome
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Accidental foveal burn following pan retinal photocoagulation and its long-term outcome Khan Perwez, Pandey Kankambari, Khan Lubna, Saxena
More informationCryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal Meningitis Dr N Thumbiran Infectious Diseases Department UKZN Index patient 27 year old female Presented to King Edward Hospital on 17/07/2005 with: Severe headaches Vomiting Photophobia X
More informationAtraumatic elbow dislocation without fractures in an elderly patient
www.edoriumjournals.com case report open ACCESS Atraumatic elbow dislocation without fractures in an elderly patient Rida-Allah Bassir, Monsef Boufettal, Mustapha Mahfoud, Ahmed Elbardouni, Mohamed Saleh
More informationGeneral History. 林陳 珠 Female 69 years old 住院期間 : ~ Chief Complaint : sudden loss of conscious 5 minutes in the morning.
General History 林陳 珠 Female 69 years old 住院期間 : 93.5.8~93.5.15 Chief Complaint : sudden loss of conscious for 2-52 5 minutes in the morning. General History DM under regular medical control for 10 years.
More informationAcute pancreatitis due to intragastric balloon
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Acute pancreatitis due to intragastric balloon Orlando Jorge Martins Torres, Jose Maria Assunção Moraes-Junior, Camila Cristina S. Torres,
More informationA forgotten double-j stent with missing shaft and unusual large stone formation at its both the J end: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A forgotten double-j stent with missing shaft and unusual large stone formation at its both the J end: A case report Rajesh Kumar Maurya, Vikash
More informationFungal Infections. Fungal Infections
Fungal Infection in the Immune Competent Host Steven L. Primack, MD Fungal Infection in the Immune Competent Host Steven L. Primack, MD Department of Radiology Oregon Health & Science University Fungal
More informationECMM Excellence Centers Quality Audit
ECMM Excellence Centers Quality Audit Person in charge: Department: Head of Department: Laboratory is accredited according to ISO 15189 (Medical Laboratories Requirements for quality and competence) Inspected
More information101 spots: Find the primary site
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS 101 spots: Find the primary site Geraldine Bera, Gabriel Malouf, Nathanaëlle Yeni, Charlotte Lepoutre-Lussey ABSTRACT Abstract is not required
More informationBreast cancer in association with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: An unexpected discovery
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Breast cancer in association with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: An unexpected discovery Roisin M. Heaney, Patricia Cronin, Maurice Stokes ABSTRACT
More informationPain in heels: Two cases with piezogenic pedal papules
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE SERIES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Pain in heels: Two cases with piezogenic pedal papules Emrullah Hayta, Sibel Berksoy Hayta, Melih Akyol, Ozlem Sahin, Sedat Ozcelik ABSTRACT
More informationRecurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Recurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus Melissa Ng, Sadia Saber, Richard Stratton ABSTRACT Posterior
More informationLongest and left-sided gallbladder
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS Longest and left-sided gallbladder Atul Kumar Mittal, Sourabh Sharma, Selva Kumar Balakrishnan, Jeevan Kankaria, Rajkamal Jenaw ABSTRACT Introduction: As
More informationLaparoscopic treatment for hydrocele of the canal of Nuck
www.edoriumjournals.com PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Laparoscopic treatment for hydrocele of the canal of Nuck Koh F.J., Tay S.C., Ngu J. ABSTRACT Introduction: A hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is an exceedingly
More informationA case report on cervico-medullary epidermoid tumor presenting with hydrocephalus
www.edoriumjournals.com Case report peer REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case report on cervico-medullary epidermoid tumor presenting with hydrocephalus Sunil Munakomi, Binod Bhattarai, Iype Cherian ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationXanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: The great gallbladder carcinoma masquerader
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE IN IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: The great gallbladder carcinoma masquerader Massimo Arcerito, John Moon, Kevin Tri Nguyen ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationPEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case report on the use of oral thiamine in a palliative care patient in the management of peripheral edema in a community setting in New
More informationPREVALENCE OF CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS AMONGST HIV SEROPOSITIVE CASES FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
IJCRR Vol 06 issue 14 Section: Healthcare Category: Research Received on: 25/05/14 Revised on: 21/06/14 Accepted on: 12/07/14 PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS AMONGST HIV SEROPOSITIVE CASES FROM A
More informationStreptococcus pseudoporcinus subacute mitral valve endocarditis: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Streptococcus pseudoporcinus subacute mitral valve endocarditis: A case report Peir-Yu Fang, Sandeep A. Gandhi ABSTRACT This is a case of a patient with
More informationTherapeutic water soluble contrast-thrombin enema use in bleeding colonic diverticula: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Therapeutic water soluble contrast-thrombin enema use in bleeding colonic diverticula: A case report Edward Fogarty, Justin Mauch, Dakota Orvedal
More informationA novel technique for repairing a segmental patella fracture
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A novel technique for repairing a segmental patella fracture Jay N. Patel, Priyal V. Bhagat, Juluru Rao ABSTRACT Introduction: Patellar fractures
More informationObstructed direct inguinal hernia: A rare encounter
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Obstructed direct inguinal hernia: A rare encounter Sudhir Kumar Mohanty, Kumarmani Jena, Tanmaya Mahapatra, Jyoti Ranjan Dash, Ajax John,
More informationRichard Malik Centre for Veterinary Education The University of Sydney
Richard Malik Centre for Veterinary Education The University of Sydney 1 Pathology Update 3/8/2019 Pathology Update 3/8/2019 2 Pathology Update 3/8/2019 3 Pathology Update 3/8/2019 4 Pathology Update 3/8/2019
More informationA case of hepatic portal venous gas: When time is gold
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGE PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case of hepatic portal venous gas: When time is gold Orlando Artavia, Ahmed Zedan ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images
More informationUnusual third cranial nerve palsy presentation with unexpected distant departure point
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Unusual third cranial nerve palsy presentation with unexpected distant departure point Filipa Caiado Sousa, André Diogo Barata, Filipa Teixeira,
More informationSingle step root coverage with modified bridge flap technique: A pilot study
www.edoriumjournals.com Case series PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Single step root coverage with modified bridge flap technique: A pilot study Sandeep J. N., Jaspreet Kaur, Sushama R. Galgali ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationNeurilemmoma of the tongue: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS Neurilemmoma of the tongue: A case report Pallav Kumar Kinra, Jayakumar K, Manoj Joseph Michael ABSTRACT Introduction: Neurilemmomas, also referred to as
More informationCryptococcus gattii Meningitis Developed after Pneumonectomy in A Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia
2014 25 1-6 Cryptococcus gattii Meningitis Developed after Pneumonectomy in A Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia Chih-Chen Lin 1 *, Hsiang-Kuang Tseng 1,2,3 *, Wei-Sheng Wang 1,2,3, Yee-Chun Chen 4, Tseng-Yu
More informationA rare complication of a common procedure: Undiagnosed subcapsular renal hematoma after double-j stent insertion
www.edoriumjournals.com Case in Images OPEN ACCESS A rare complication of a common procedure: Undiagnosed subcapsular renal hematoma after double-j stent insertion Zehra Akkaya, Nurettin Oksuz, Aysegul
More informationFungal Meningitis. Stefan Zimmerli Institute for infectious diseases University of Bern Friedbühlstrasse Bern
Fungal Meningitis Stefan Zimmerli Institute for infectious diseases University of Bern Friedbühlstrasse 51 3010 Bern Death due to infectious diseases in sub-saharan Africa Park BJ. Et al AIDS 2009;23:525
More informationMultifocal testicular capillary hemangioma
www.edoriumjournals.com case Report open ACCESS Multifocal testicular capillary hemangioma Shikha Singhal, Waseem Akhtar, Mabel Das Thyveetil ABSTRACT Introduction: Capillary hemangioma of testis is extremely
More informationIsolated plexiform neurofibroma presenting as white lesion of vulva: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com case report open ACCESS Isolated plexiform neurofibroma presenting as white lesion of vulva: A case report Sunita Arora, Rupneet Kaur, Poonam Goel, RPS Punia ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationPost-appendectomy appendicitis: A case report
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Post-appendectomy appendicitis: A case report Ali Safar, Abdulrahman Al-Aqeeli, Ahmad Al-Mass, Bader Al-Shaban ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute
More informationMigration of endoluminal gastroesophageal stents: A case series
www.edoriumjournals.com Case series PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Migration of endoluminal gastroesophageal stents: A case series Kent C. Sasse, David L. Warner, Jared Brandt, Ellen Ackerman ABSTRACT Introduction:
More informationStent thrombosis after switch from nongeneric to generic clopidogrel
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS Stent thrombosis after switch from nongeneric to generic clopidogrel George Stoupakis, Louis Teichholz ABSTRACT Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
More informationUreteroscopy-assisted retrograde nephrostomy (UARN) for the patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Ureteroscopy-assisted retrograde nephrostomy (UARN) for the patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis Takashi Kawahara, Hiroki Ito, Hideyuki
More informationThroat discomfort: A harbinger of a lethal diagnosis
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE SERIES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Throat discomfort: A harbinger of a lethal diagnosis Kevin Rajakariar, Anoop Koshy, Jithin Sajeev, George Proimos ABSTRACT Atypical presentations
More informationAn unusual presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the lateral aspect of the neck
www.edoriumjournals.com Case report peer REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS An unusual presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the lateral aspect of the neck Ghassan Almaimani, Frank Forst, Thomas Zoedler, Bayan
More informationSpontaneous common iliac artery thrombosis: An unusual cause of abdominal pain
www.edoriumjournals.com case report open ACCESS Spontaneous common iliac artery thrombosis: An unusual cause of abdominal pain Ralphe Bou Chebl, Shafeek Kiblawi, Michael Nauss ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute
More informationHemodialysis catheter malposition: How to prevent this fault?
www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES OPEN ACCESS Hemodialysis catheter malposition: How to prevent this fault? ABSTRACT Abstract is not required for Clinical Images International Journal of Case Reports
More informationCalcitriol mediated hypercalcemia due to necrotizing sarcoid granuloma of the liver
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Calcitriol mediated hypercalcemia due to necrotizing sarcoid granuloma of the liver Priyadarshini Balasubramanian, Deepak Kana Kadayakkara,
More informationPulmonary Cryptococcosis in an HIV-infected Patient
Case Report Vol. 28 No. 3 Pulmonary Cryptococcosis:- Wongkulab P, et al. 203 Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in an HIV-infected Patient Panuwat Wongkulab, M.D., Nontakan Nuntachit, M.D., Romanee Chaiwarith, M.D.,
More informationA case of progressive tetraparesis due to cervical epidural abscess
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A case of progressive tetraparesis due to cervical epidural abscess Sunil Munakomi, Binod Bhattarai ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical epidural
More information