Sarkis K Mazmanian, California Institute of Technology
|
|
|
- Paulina Powers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sarkis K Mazmanian, California Institute of Technology
2 The human microbiota The human gut harbors bacteria per gram colonic content (>10 14 total bacteria) Total bacteria outnumber human cells 10:1 Total bacterial genes outnumber human genes >100:1 >1,000 different species of bacteria are resident in the human intestinal microbiota ( per person) Lee & Mazmanian, Science (2010)
3 Bacteria play a critical role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Antibiotics ameliorate symptoms in humans and animals Germ-free animals do no develop IBD in several models No definitive pathogens identified Immune reactivity to commensal organisms Predicted defects in immune regulation Alterations in the microbiota of IBD patients
4 The human gastrointestinal tract is populated by both harmful and beneficial bacteria Pederson D, Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
5 Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria B. fragilis is a prominent commensal of in the human GI tract B. fragilis synthesizes at least eight unique capsular polysaccharide complexes from distinct genomic loci At least two of these polysaccharides (PSA and PSB) have a novel zwitterionic structure (both a positive and negative charge within each repeating subunit) Polysaccharide A (PSA) Mazmanian et al, Cell (2005)
6 PSA protects from chemically induced intestinal inflammation Mazmanian et al, Nature (2008)
7 Colitis is driven pro-inflammatory T-helper cells and elevated IL-17/IL-23 levels Colitis Neurath, M, Nature Medicine (2007)
8 PSA mediates the expansion of functionally suppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs during TNBS colitis Round et al., PNAS (2010)
9 Protection from TNBS colitis by PSA requires Toll-like receptor 2 signaling
10 PSA is packaged into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) Shen et al., (submitted)
11 OMVs protect mice from colitis in a PSA-dependent manner
12 OMVs protect mice from colitis in a PSA-dependent manner
13 Gene expression profile of PSA-specific and TLR2 dependent genes in dendritic cells
14 Gadd45a expression in dendritic cells is required for PSAmediated protection from colitis
15 Gadd45a expression in dendritic cells is required for PSAmediated protection from colitis
16 PSA of B. fragilis prevents pro-inflammatory immune responses in the gut to protect from colitis Gadd45a
17 PSA of B. fragilis prevents pro-inflammatory immune responses in the gut to protect from colitis Gadd45a Is there a role for PSA during homeostasis?
18 PSA restrains Th17 responses to B. fragilis CD4 Conventional Germ-free B. fragilis B. fragilis PSA IL17A % CD4+IL-17A *** *** 10 5 CD4 Foxp3 Foxp3-DTR mice with B. fragilis -DT +DT -DT +DT (-Tregs) CD IL-17A % IL-17A *** - DT +DT Round et al., Science (2011)
19 PSA restrains Th17 responses to B. fragilis CD4 Conventional Germ-free B. fragilis B. fragilis PSA IL17A % CD4+IL-17A *** *** 10 5 CD4 Foxp3 Foxp3-DTR mice mono-colonized with B. fragilis -DT +DT -DT +DT (-Tregs) CD IL-17A % IL-17A *** - DT +DT Round et al., Science (2011)
20 Toll-like receptors on innate cells activate T cells
21 Toll-like receptors on innate cells activate T cells
22 TLR2 expression on CD4+ T cells is required for in vitro IL-10 production by PSA
23 TLR2 expression on CD4+ T cells is required for in vitro IL-10 production by PSA
24 PSA is required for efficient mucosal colonization of germ-free mice by B. fragilis Germ-free B. fragilis mono-colonized B. fragilis mono-colonized
25 PSA is required for efficient mucosal colonization of germ-free mice by B. fragilis Germ-free B. fragilis mono-colonized B. fragilis mono-colonized Colon a Lumen rel. units CFU/g
26 PSA signals through TLR2 on Tregs to suppress Th17 cell responses during mucosal colonization by B. fragilis rel. units DT Germ-free mice with B. fragilis Colon +DT (-Tregs) CFU 1,0E+11 1,0E+10 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 1,0E+02 1,0E+01 1,0E+00 -DT Lumen +DT
27 PSA signals through TLR2 on Tregs to suppress Th17 cell responses during mucosal colonization by B. fragilis rel. units WT CD4+ rel. units DT B. fragilis B. fragilis PSA Colon Tlr2 -/- CD4+ Germ-free mice with B. fragilis +DT (-Tregs) CFU/g CFU 1,0E+11 1,0E+10 1,0E+09 1,0E+08 1,0E+07 1,0E+06 1,0E+05 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 1,0E+02 1,0E+01 1,0E+00 Iso -DT Lumen +DT Germ-free mice with B. fragilis PSA Colon α-il-17a rel. units Iso Colon α-il-17a
28 PSA evolved to promote mucosal tolerance during commensal colonization by Bacteroides fragilis WT B. fragilis TLR2 Gadd45a
29 PSA evolved to promote mucosal tolerance during commensal colonization by Bacteroides fragilis B. fragilis PSA WT B. fragilis TLR2
30 The inverse correlation between infectious diseases and human inflammatory disorders Bach JF, NEJM, 2002
31 The inverse correlation between infectious diseases and human inflammatory disorders Bach JF, NEJM, 2002
32 The inverse correlation between infectious diseases and human inflammatory disorders Regulatory T cells protect against these diseases in mice Bach JF, NEJM, 2002
33 Potential causes of dysbiosis due to western lifestyles its role in intestinal health and disease Genetics and Environment Round & Mazmanian, Nature Rev Immunol (2009)
34 June Round (Utah) Yue Shen Janet Chow Melanie Lee Jennifer Li Yun Kyung Lee Arya Khosravi Haiqing Tang Huitung Chu Gil Sharon Sara McBride Katie Schretter Gregory Donaldson Talal Chatila (UCLA) Bana Jabri (UChicago) Jonathan Ashwell (NIH) Alexander Rudensky (MSKCC) Lora Hooper (UT Southwestern)
Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease
Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease February 27, 2015 Master s Course in Gastroenterology Prof. Kathy McCoy 1 Overview Overview of Gut Microbiota Microbiota in Health Microbiota in Disease 2 Gut
Innate immune regulation of T-helper (Th) cell homeostasis in the intestine
Innate immune regulation of T-helper (Th) cell homeostasis in the intestine Masayuki Fukata, MD, Ph.D. Research Scientist II Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, F. Widjaja Foundation,
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients PNAS 105(43): 16731-16736, 2008. Speaker: Ming-Cheng Chen Advisor:
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity Pavan Bhargava, MD - Neuroimmunology Fellow Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. May, 2015 None Disclosures
Dysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
Gut Microbiota and IBD. Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI
Gut Microbiota and IBD Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI 1393.3.1 2 GUT MICROBIOTA 100 Trillion Microbes - 10 times more than cells in our body Collective weight of about 1kg in human
Felix Yarovinsky. Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Innate immune defense to Toxoplasma gondii
Felix Yarovinsky Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center Innate immune defense to Toxoplasma gondii Pathogen recognition by innate immune cells Pathogen Parasites Viruses Bacteria Initiator
The enteric microbiota: Implications for IBD. Eugene B. Chang, M.D. University of Chicago
The enteric microbiota: Implications for IBD Eugene B. Chang, M.D. University of Chicago On a per cell basis, humans are mostly prokaryote 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EuK ProK The microbial flora
Immunological Tolerance
Immunological Tolerance Definition: Making sure antibodies or T cells recognizing self components are either eliminated or brought under tight control. Failure of tolerance can lead to autoimmunity. (Also
Gut Microbiome Essentials
CORE COMPONENTS I: Gut Microbiome Essentials 2016 Tom Fabian, PhD Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities
4/17/2019 DISCLOSURES OBJECTIVES GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW. Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services. There are no disclosures
GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services DISCLOSURES There are no disclosures OBJECTIVES Definitions: GI microbiota, GI microbiome, probiotic, prebiotic
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management KT Park, M.D., M.S. Assistant Professor Co-Director, Stanford Children s Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Stanford University School
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report Qiurong Li Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital Nanjing Univeristy Gut Microbiota 100 trillion cells 10-fold of
Commensal Bacteria, Toll-like Receptors and Intestinal Injury. Journal Club December 16, 2004
Commensal Bacteria, Toll-like Receptors and Intestinal Injury Journal Club December 16, 2004 Gut-Commensal Interactions Nutrient metabolism Tissue development Resistance to colonization with pathogens
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche Reema Subramanian PhD Candidate (4 th year) Supervisor: Prof. Margaret Ip Department of Microbiology, CUHK Joint Graduate Student Seminar
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of the Immune System
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of the Immune System Patricia Denning, M.D. Associate Professor in Pediatrics Division of Neonatology Emory University School of Medicine What is NEC? What is NEC? Necrotizing
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT Nutrients Looking at individual nutrients that are involved with gut health can be misleading This is not about taking individual nutrients It supports more a whole food
Exploration of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases. Matthew Stoll MD Research Computing Day September 13, 2012
Exploration of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases Matthew Stoll MD Research Computing Day September 13, 2012 We re surrounded by bugs Human body contains 100 trillion microbes Out-number human cells
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH THE INTESTINAL BARRIER AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY Intestinal Barrier: a functional body Defense from translocation of dietary antigens, bacteria or bacterial endotoxins
17 th International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association: Wednesday AM (Day 4) September 9-13, 2012
17 th International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association: Wednesday AM (Day 4) September 9-13, 2012 The Sagamore Resort, Bolton Landing, NY, USA The following report includes highlights
Accepted Manuscript. Innate immune cells regulate oncoimmunity and cancer development. Ai-Ping Bai, Yuan Guo
Accepted Manuscript Innate immune cells regulate oncoimmunity and cancer development Ai-Ping Bai, Yuan Guo PII: S0016-5085(18)34974-6 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.057 Reference: YGAST 62119 To appear
Genetics. Environment. You Are Only 10% Human. Pathogenesis of IBD. Advances in the Pathogenesis of IBD: Genetics Leads to Function IBD
Advances in the Pathogenesis of IBD: Genetics Leads to Function Pathogenesis of IBD Environmental Factors Microbes Scott Plevy, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology UNC School
Slide 1. Slide 2 Learning outcomes. Slide 3. Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota. The importance of microbiota
Slide 1 Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota Professor Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Research Unit Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk
Issues at Hand. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Paradigm. Diet changes the fecal microbiome. Experience with diet in IBD
Diet s Role in IBD David Suskind M.D. Professor of Pediatrics Director of Clinical Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology University of Washington Seattle Children s Hospital Issues at Hand Inflammatory
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis The Research Institute, Nationwide Children s Hospital Department
INTRODUCING YOUR GUT BACTERIA
INTRODUCING YOUR GUT BACTERIA Microflora Intestinal flora 1.5 kg We would die with 5 years of birth if we did not have them as we would not develop a proper immune system 1000 species and 5000 strains
Inflammation in the clinic
Inflammation in the clinic Stephen T. Holgate MRC Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology ILSI Europe Workshop, Seville, May 14-15 2012 The immune system acts in four general ways to ensure host defence
INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA Microbiota in the animal or human intestine has evolved together with the host. Consequently, the gastrointestinal tract could be considered a metacommunity,
The Role of Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Gut Permeability in Immunomodulation: The Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Paradigms
The Role of Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Gut Permeability in Immunomodulation: The Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Paradigms Alessio Fasano, M.D. W. Allan Walker Chair in Pediatric Gastroenterology
MICROBIOMA E IMMUNITA LORENZO EMMI
MICROBIOMA E IMMUNITA LORENZO EMMI Human Microbiome Project The Human Microbiome Project has characterized the microbial communities found at several different sites on the human body. Human Microbiome
Tolerance 2. Regulatory T cells; why tolerance fails. Abul K. Abbas UCSF. FOCiS
1 Tolerance 2. Regulatory T cells; why tolerance fails Abul K. Abbas UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Regulatory T cells: functions and clinical relevance Pathogenesis of autoimmunity: why selftolerance fails
Microbes as Agents of Infectious Disease
Microbes as Agents of Infectious Disease Normal Flora Virulence and Pathogenicity Toxicity vs. Invasiveness WE ARE NOT ALONE! We are outnumbered. The average human contains about 10 trillion cells. On
THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN IBD
Disclosures THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN IBD Janssen UCB No relevance to the talk Subra Kugathasan, MD Professor of Pediatrics & Human Genetics Marcus Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology Emory University
The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
Bibliografia Microbiota
Bibliografia Microbiota Systematic Review: Gut Microbiota in Fecal Samples and Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms. The role of the intestinal microbiome in ocular inflammatory disease. The gut microbiome
Gut microbiota, metabolic syndrome, obesity and the nutrient sensor pathways
Gut microbiota, metabolic syndrome, obesity and the nutrient sensor pathways Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism Medical University Innsbruck Herbert Tilg Nothing to disclose Fig.
IL-12 family members in experimental colitis. Markus F. Neurath I. Medical Clinic Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
IL-12 family members in experimental colitis Markus F. Neurath I. Medical Clinic Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany IBD - Pathogenesis Genetic Predisposition Bacterial Antigens Activation of
The Potential For Microbiome Modification In Critical Illness. Deborah Cook
The Potential For Microbiome Modification In Critical Illness Deborah Cook To review Objectives The microbiome & concepts about its modification during critical illness Interventions Predisposition to
Intestinal Microflora and Immunoregulation
Intestinal Microflora and Immunoregulation Monica Boirivant Istituto Superiore di Sanità Roma Microflora-immune cells interactions Ethanol AT 12 T Effect of ir Ethanol 5% administration 115 weight (% of
Hygiene Hypothesis: 10 years later. Christina Ciaccio MD, MSc Assistant Professor The University of Chicago
Hygiene Hypothesis: 10 years later Christina Ciaccio MD, MSc Assistant Professor The University of Chicago none Disclosures Definitions Microbe: Microscopic organism Microbiota: Microbial community Definition
What Have We Learned About the Microbiome in Pediatric IBD?
What Have We Learned About the Microbiome in Pediatric IBD? Ted Denson, MD Cincinnati Children s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Disclosures: NIH, CCF, AbbVie
Current Concepts in VAP: Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis & Probiotics. Deborah Cook
Current Concepts in VAP: Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis & Probiotics Deborah Cook Objectives VAP The Old: Gastropulmonary route of infection The New: Microbiome modification Role of acid suppression Influence
Bio Microbiology - Spring 2013 Study Guide 20 Normal Flora - Normal Responses - Disease
Bio 230 - Microbiology - Spring 2013 Study Guide 20 Normal Flora - Normal Responses - Disease It has been calculated that the normal human houses about 10 12 bacteria on the skin, 10 10 in the mouth, and
Microbiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy
Microbiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy Giuliana Magri, Ph.D Optimizing Immunotherapy New Approaches, Biomarkers, Sequences and Combinations PRBB Auditorium, Barcelona October
Understanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nat Rev Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 July 14.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 May ; 9(5): 313 323. doi:10.1038/nri2515. The gut microbiome shapes intestinal immune responses during health
Microbes as Agents of Infectious Disease
Microbes as Agents of Infectious Disease Normal Flora Virulence and Pathogenicity Toxicity vs. Invasiveness WE ARE NOT ALONE! We are outnumbered. The average human contains about 10 trillion cells. On
Pathophysiologic Basis of Autoimmune Disorders
Pathophysiologic Basis of Autoimmune Disorders Linda Felver, Ph.D., R.N. Associate Professor School of Nursing Oregon Health & Science University The immune system has two arms: Adaptive (Acquired) Immune
The gut kidney axis in IgA nephropathy. Rosanna Coppo. Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Torino
The gut kidney axis in IgA nephropathy Rosanna Coppo Turin, Italy Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Torino IgA nephropathy (IgAN): a disease originated from mucosal immunity dysregulation IgA: most prevalent
Tolerance, autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of immunemediated inflammatory diseases. Abul K. Abbas UCSF
Tolerance, autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of immunemediated inflammatory diseases Abul K. Abbas UCSF Balancing lymphocyte activation and control Activation Effector T cells Tolerance Regulatory T cells
4/16/2018. Go with your gut: the gutjoint. Learning objectives: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest. Collaboration: OpenBiome
Go with your gut: the gutjoint axis James T. Rosenbaum April 27, 2018 Rheumatology Research Foundation Spondylitis Association of America Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest Collaboration: OpenBiome Funding:
Links between gut, allergy and obesity?
Centre for Environment and Toxicology, DHI Links between gut, allergy and obesity? Anders Permin, HoD, DVM, PhD The consortium DanORC Background Background Obesity: Globally > 1 billion overweight, at
Nature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 NLRP12 is downregulated in biopsy samples from patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). (a-g) NLRP12 expression in 7 UC mrna profiling studies deposited in NCBI GEO database.
1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h.
1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h. 2. The waste is then stored for 2 days in the large bowel. 3. Do modern humans need a large bowel?
Gut Microbes: Potential targets in the prevention and treatment of IBD. Neelendu Dey, MD Instructor Division of Gastroenterology
Gut Microbes: Potential targets in the prevention and treatment of IBD Neelendu Dey, MD Instructor Division of Gastroenterology Disclosure The following are my disclosures. Potential conflicts of interest
Mark Manary MD. International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions
Possible role of the microbiome in the development of acute malnutrition and implications for food-based strategies to prevent and treat acute malnutrition International Symposium on Understanding Moderate
Human intestinal microbiology and probiotics
Human intestinal microbiology and probiotics Michiel Kleerebezem Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences Wageningen University NIZO food research P.O. Box 20 6710 BA Ede The Netherlands phone: +31-(0)318-659629
The A, B, C s of Bowel Flora
The A, B, C s of Bowel Flora Cynthia L. Sears, M.D. Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Gastroenterology & Tumor Immunology Departments of Medicine, Oncology & Molecular Microbiology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive
Microbiome and Asthma
제 12 차천식연구회 COPD 연구회공동심포지엄 Microbiome and Asthma 한양대학교병원호흡기알레르기내과 김상헌 Disclosure 내용 1 Lung Microbiome 2 Lung Microbiome and Asthma 3 Gut Microbiome and Asthma Microbiome and Microbiota human microbiome
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) Clinical aspects Nitsan Maharshak M.D., IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Soura
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) Clinical aspects Nitsan Maharshak M.D., IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv, Israel IBD- clinical features
Microbiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
Perinatal Nutrition. Disclosure Statement. Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN. Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned
Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN Chicago, ILL October 10-13, 2013 Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned Allan Walker, M.D. Boston, MA Disclosure Statement Dr. Allan Walker
NOD2 Activation promotes anti-inflammatory activity of human Umbilical cord blood MSCs against Inflammatory bowel disease
NOD2 Activation promotes anti-inflammatory activity of human Umbilical cord blood MSCs against Inflammatory bowel disease Prof. Kyung-Sun Kang, DVM, PhD. Adult Stem Cell Research Center Seoul National
Module Outline. 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know
Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities & taxonomy 3. Other microbes: archaea, fungi, viruses, parasites
The effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses
The effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses Guillaume Tabouret Animal Health Dept. Joint Unit 1225 Host Pathogens Interactions History of probiotics and definition
It Takes Guts to Grow a Brain. Josef Neu, M.D. University of Florida
It Takes Guts to Grow a Brain Josef Neu, M.D. University of Florida neuj@peds.ufl.edu The Versatile Intestine: The intestine is not only a digestive-absorptive organ Largest immune organ of the body. Harbors
Ali Keshavarzian MD Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
Ali Keshavarzian MD Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL Ulcerative colitis Crohn s disease Optimize Quality of Life Induce remission [treat flare up] Maintain remission [avoid flare up] Prevent
Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization with a Host-Specific Microbiota
Journal Club Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization with a Host-Specific Microbiota Hachung Chung, 1,2 Sünje J. Pamp, 3,6 Jonathan A. Hill, 2,8 Neeraj K. Surana, 1,2,7 Sanna M. Edelman, 1,2 Erin
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
Module Four: The GI System Module Five: The Gut Microbiome. The GI System. LLiana Shanti, CN
Module Four: The GI System Module Five: The Gut Microbiome The GI System LLiana Shanti, CN www.healthmasteryinstitute.com Review Review Review The Gut Hippocrates has been quoted as saying death sits in
Supplemental Information. Gut Microbiota Promotes Hematopoiesis to Control Bacterial Infection. Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 15
Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 15 Supplemental Information Gut Microbiota Promotes Hematopoiesis to Control Bacterial Infection Arya Khosravi, Alberto Yáñez, Jeremy G. Price, Andrew Chow, Miriam Merad, Helen
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
Normal Human Flora. (Human Microbiome) Dr.Sarmad M.H. Zeiny Baghdad College of Medicine
Normal Human Flora (Human Microbiome) Dr.Sarmad M.H. Zeiny Baghdad College of Medicine 2014-2015 Objectives Describe important human normal flora. Demonstrate the epidemiology of human normal flora. Determine
Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance. Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco
Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco EIP Symposium Feb 2016 Why do some people respond to therapeutic proteins?
Innate immunity as a therapeutic target in IBD. Elke Cario Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Hospital of Essen Essen, Germany
Innate immunity as a therapeutic target in IBD Elke Cario Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Hospital of Essen Essen, Germany The intestinal mucosa must rapidly recognize luminal pathogens
The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
Immunoregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases New therapeutic approaches Probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Andreas Sturm Medizinische Klinik m.s. Hepatologie, Gastroenterologie, Endokrinologie
general meeting 1 20 October 2016
general meeting 1 20 October 2016 introductions today s topics the human microbiome about the study the human microbiome the human microbiome human microbiota: the microorganisms that live within and on
FOR OPTIMAL GUT HEALTH KEMIN.COM/GUTHEALTH
FOR OPTIMAL GUT HEALTH KEMIN.COM/GUTHEALTH ALETA A SOURCE OF 1,3-BETA GLUCANS Aleta is highly bioavailable, offering a concentration greater than 5% of 1,3-beta glucans. Aleta provides a consistent response
Gut microbiome interactions; implications for human health
Gut microbiome interactions; implications for human health Knut E. A. Lundin, MD, PhD, Ass. Professor, FACP, FEFIM Dept of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Centre for Immune Regulation,
Functional Nutrition Approaches to Gut Health 20 CPEU Module accredited by Nutrition Mission
Topics Covered 1. Good Health Starts in the Gut 2. Microbiome Part 1 3. Microbiome Part 2 4. What Can Go Wrong 5. FODMAP Intolerance 6. GERD 7. Celiac Disease 8. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity 9. Intestinal
Gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and metabolite sensing GPCRs protect against food allergy
Gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and metabolite sensing GPCRs protect against food allergy Laurence Macia, PhD 5 th European Immunology & Innate Immunity Increased prevalence of inflammatory diseases
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System 4 Feb 2016 The Intestinal Microbiota 10 fold more bacterial cells than human cells 100-1000 fold more bacterial genes than human genes Why does
Probiotics in the ICU. Who could benefit? Nadia J van Rensburg RD(SA) Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
Probiotics in the ICU. Who could benefit? Nadia J van Rensburg RD(SA) Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town Outline Introduction: a brief overview Probiotics: Current guidelines Reviews and Meta-analyses IBD
A STUDY INTO THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
A STUDY INTO THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS BY CESAR CHAPARRO DR. HEATHER BRUNS ADVISOR
T Regulatory Cell and Body Tolerance
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2017, 9 [5]:23-28 [http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html] ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4
CROHN S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Slide 1 CROHN S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS Slide 2 Slide 3 Crohn s Inflammation in the GI tract but usually in the lower part of the small intestines and the colon. Inflammation occur between healthy
Understanding clinical aspects of Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis: Implications for the basic scientist
Understanding clinical aspects of Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis: Implications for the basic scientist Scott Plevy, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology UNC School of Medicine
Clinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders. TERRAGASTRO - Good health starts in the gut
Clinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE Referred to as gastrointestinal diseases, they are common disorders which affect the esophagus,
Adaptive immunity in the host microbiota dialog
nature publishing group REVIEW See REVIEW page 8 See REVIEW page 22 See REVIEW page 31 See ARTICLE page 43 See ARTICLE page 53 Adaptive immunity in the host microbiota dialog T Feng 1 and C O E ls on 1
ALLERGY AND AUTOIMMUNITY
ALLERGY AND AUTOIMMUNITY Allergies and Autoimmunity Allergies and autoimmunity can be prevented It all starts in the gut It is more than preventing leaky gut IgE allergies do not necessarily involve leaky
Topic (Final-03): Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity-Part II
Topic (Final-03): Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity-Part II MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY The possibility that an individual s immune system may react against autologous antigens and cause tissue injury
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells.
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells. The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic
The role of gut microbiome in IBS
The role of gut microbiome in IBS Chung Owyang, MD H. Marvin Pollard Professor of Internal Medicine Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Director, Pollard
New and Emerging Therapies in IBD. Sarah Streett MD, AGAF Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Stanford University
New and Emerging Therapies in IBD Sarah Streett MD, AGAF Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Stanford University New and Emerging Therapies in IBD I have no relevant financial disclosures. IBD is
Say Hello to Your Little Friends
Say Hello to Your Little Friends By Marcus Y. Woo Bacteria are mostly known for making you sick. But not all microbes are malicious, and in fact, trillions of them live in your gut. It turns out that these
Gut Reaction. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Gut Reaction Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Ley, R. et al (2005) PNAS vol. 102 no. 31 Bacterial diversity in the distal gut (ceca) of C57BL6 mice. (A) Phylogenetic tree of
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
The Microbiome & the Effect on Health
The Microbiome & the Effect on Health Dr. Wendy Abraham Naturopathic Physician Microbial genes outnumber our genes 100-150:1 No 2 people share the same microbial make-up genes encode proteins proteins
1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 17A: Adaptive Immunity Part I 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity 2. T and B Cell Production 3. Antigens & Antigen Presentation 4. Helper T cells 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity The Nature of Adaptive