Innate Immunity. Jan 9 th Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Innate Immunity. Jan 9 th Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1"

Transcription

1 Innate Immunity Jan 9 th Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1

2 Immune system overview 1 st line of defense skin (2m 2 ) and mucosal membranes (~400m 2 ): physical barrier, lymphoid cells, anemicrobial molecules 2 nd line of defense Innate immune system: macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils, complement, cytokines 3 rd line of defense Adap;ve immune system: T cells, B cells, anebodies, cytokines 2

3 Epithelial barriers Skin, gastrointesenal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract epithelia that provide physical and chemical barrier against infeceon Epithelial and immune cells produce pepede anebioecs human beta-defensin HBD1 i HBD2 interferes with membrane caeons Intraepithelial lymphocytes recognize microbial lipids not very specific 3

4 Innate immune system or natural or naeve immunity 2 nd line of defense -- works against invaders that breach physical barriers of skin and mucosa microbes (and dead cells, debris) Innate - shared by all animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) 4

5 Innate immune system It is NOT specific as adapeve! It is NOT weak! Specifically targets microbes Powerful early defense mechanism Removes infec;ons Instructs adap;ve immunity 5

6 The innate immune system responds more quickly than adap;ve immune system. Why is a quick response important? StarEng with one bacterium that doubles every thirty minutes --> bacteria in one day bacteria equivalent to ~100 liters of a dense culture Total volume of blood in human ~5 liters VERY important to check a bacterial infeceon quickly! 6

7 Major ques;ons How does the innate immune system recognize microbes? How do the different components of innate immunity funceon to combat different microbes? How do innate immune reaceons semulate adapeve immune responses? 7

8 Types of innate immune responses 1. Inflamma;on (accumulaeon of leukocites and proteins on the site of infeceon) 2. An;viral defense (killing of virus infected cells) 8

9 Recogni;on of microbes Structures shared by various microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, ) But! Not present on the host cells Recognized by receptors on the surface or inside of the innate immunity cells 9

10 Receptors on the phagocyte surface LPS (lipopolysaccharide) Mannose dsrna Unmethylated CpG nt HemaggluEnin = pathogen-associated molecular panerns panern recogni;on receptors 10

11 Innate immunity receptors Encoded in the germline Not produced by somaec recombinaeon genes All of the receptors of the innate immunity recognize less than a thousand paierns (adapeve: > billion) Nonclonally distributed idenecal receptors on all cells of parecular type 11

12 Innate immunity receptors (cont.) No reaceon against healthy self (host) Why? 1. Specificity for microbial structures and damage components 2. Expression of regulatory molecules on the surface of the mammalian cells to prevent innate immune reaceons 12

13 13

14 Cellular receptors for microbes 14

15 Toll-like receptors (TLRs)! Specific for different microbial component TLR-1, TLR-2 & TLR-6: bacterial lipoglycans TLR-3, TLR-7, TLR-8 & TLR-9: viral nucleic acids TLR-4: bacterial LPS TLR-5: bacterial flagellin TLR-9: unmethylated CpG-rich nt 15

16 16

17 Toll-like receptor ac;va;on AcEvate transcripeon of various cytokines, enzymes, adhesion molecules, AcEvate transcripeon factors: NF-κB (nuclear factor κb) Toll-like receptor IRF-3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) 17

18 The nucleo;de-binding oligomeriza;on domain receptors NOD Intracellular sensors of PAMPs (fagocytosis) and DAMPs (cellular stress) lymphocytes, macrophages, dendriec cells, non-immune cells (epithelial) (CARD15) PAMP pathogene associated mollecular paierns DAMP damage associated mollecular paierns 18

19 Inflammasomes Group of protein complexes that recognize diverse set of inflammaeoninduced semuli, including PAMPs and DAMPs 19

20 Where are inflammasomes? In cytoplasm! 20

21 What are inflammasomes sensing? Pathogenic signals: Viral RNA Messenger RNA microbial origin Toxins Endogenous signals: extracelular ATP hyaluronic acid β-amyloids Uric acid crystals Environmental signals: Asbestos Silica Alum 21

22 Inflammasome acevaeon Potassium efflux: Induced by bacterial toxins, extracellular ATP Microbial digeseon products flagellin, All leads to acevaeon of inflammatory caspases ROS, asbestos, silica, Aluminum,.. 22

23 TOLL-like receptors NOD-like receptors ions, ROS, ATP pyroptosis 23

24 Other receptors Mannose receptor, lecen receptors N-formylmethionine receptor Scavenger receptors (modified LDL, atherosclerosis) RIG-like helicases (viral RNA) Cytosolic DNA sensor (CDS) 24

25 Immune cells 25

26 Phagocytes 2 types of circulaeng phagocytes: 1) Monocytes 2) Neutrophils 26

27 Phagocytosis Neutrophils and macrophages ingest and destroy microbes Steps: 1. Receptors binding to microbe 2. Membrane extension 3. Closing and pinching of phagosome 4. Fusion with lysosome for digeseon 27

28 Phagocytosis Enzymes: phagocyte oxidase & nitric oxide synthase 28

29 Neutrophils (or polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMNs) Most abundant leukocytes in blood (4-10 x 10 9 /L) Upon infeceon produceon (in bone marrow) increases rapidly (up to 20 x 10 9 /L) ProducEon semulated by CSF secreted by many cell types First cell type to respond to infeceon 29

30 Leukocyte migra;on MulEstep process Microbe breach through epithelium recognized by macrophages produceon of cytokines: TNFα and IL-1 to semulate endothelial cells to rapidly express selecens SelecEns necessary for leukocyte adhesion ProducEon of chemokines by endothelial cells and macrophages 30

31 Leukocyte migra;on INFLAMMATION 31

32 Monocytes 0,5-1 x 10 9 /L of blood When entering extravascular Essues differeneate into macrophages Blood monocyte and Essue macrophage are 2 stages of the same cell! 32

33 Macrophages Perform several funceons: 1. Phagocytosis 2. ProducEon of cytokines to acevate leukocytes 3. Secrete growth factors and enzymes to repair injured Essue 4. SEmulate T lymphocytes to enhance adapeve immunity 5. Respond to products of T cells to funceon in cell-mediated immunity 33

34 Classical macrophage ac;va;on (M1) 34

35 Macrophage ac;va;on balance 35

36 Dendri;c cells Produce cytokines to recruit leukocytes and inieate adapeve immune response Important bridge between innate and adapeve response Major funceon: An;gen display! 36

37 Natural killer cells NK cells Innate lymphoid cell, subtype of lymphocytes 10% of lymphocytes in blood and organs cytoplasmic granules specific surface markers NO TCR & Ig IFN-γ acevate macrophages IL-12 produced by macrophage acevates NK cell (+ IL-15, INF-γ) 37

38 NK cells On/Off receptors 38

39 NK cells ON/OFF receptors IdenEfy targets based on missing self Two types of NK receptors: inhibitory and ac;va;ng If inhibitory receptor recognizes a self protein (a class I MHC molecule) on a target cell, the NK cell is turned OFF even if acevaeng receptor binds a ligand on the same target cell If acevaeng receptor binds a ligand, but inhibitory receptor does not, NK cells is turned ON and kills Many virally-infected cells and tumor cells downregulate expression of class I MHC molecules 39

40 NK cells ON/OFF receptors Inhibitory receptors (egz.) 1. KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors) recognize MHC-I molecules 2. CD-94 + NKG2A receptor - Contain ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosinebased inhibitory moefs) Ac;va;ng receptors (egz.) 1. CD-94 + NKG2 typec stress induced proteins 2. NKG2D MHC1 3. Receptors recognizing IgG anebodies (CD16 ADCC) - Contain ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based ac;va;on moefs) 40

41 Mast cells Tissue residing Full of citoplasmic granules with histamin, heparin, prostaglandins and proteolyec enzymes Important for helminth infestaeon and allergies Similar to basophiles in appearance and funceon (but have different orrigin) 41

42 Eosinophils Type of granulocyte Important in defence against parasites Role in alergic reaceons (astma) Role in anetumor defense (with CTL): Secrete chemoatractans to recruite lymphocytes to tumor site Atract macrophages 42

43 Other cells γδ T cells (epithelial) NK-T cells CD1 (recognize microbial lipids and glicolipids bound to CD1d non classical MHC) Innate lymphoid cells ILC (Natural helper cells) B-1 cells (populaeon of B lymphocytes produce IgM) react to lipids and carbohydrates Marginal zone B cells (spleen) react to polysaccharide anegens 43

44 Complement system 3 acevaeon pathways: 1. AlternaEve 2. Classical (OBS! adapeve) 3. LecEn 3 funceons: 1. C3b coated microbe acevates phagocytosis 2. ChemoairacEon 3. Pore in the microbe 44

45 Other plasma proteins C-reacEve protein, CRP (opsonizes microbes) Mannose binding lecen Lung surfactant proteins Acute phase proteins: (CRP, serum amiloid P and A, complement factors, MBP, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, alpha 2 macroglobulin, ferrien, ceruloplasmin, ) 45

46 Innate immunity cytokines 46

47 Innate ac;vates adap;ve! 47

48 Two signal requirement for lymphocyte ac;va;on 48

49 Summary Innate immunity 1. Provides a barrier to prevent the spread of infeceon 2. IdenEfies and eliminates pathogens 3. IniEates an inflammatory response 4. Provides signals to acevate and regulate the type of adapeve immune response generated 5. Does not produce proteceve immunity 6. Non-anEgen-specific immunity 49

Innate Immunity. Jan 8 th Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1

Innate Immunity. Jan 8 th Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1 Innate Immunity Jan 8 th 2018. Prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir 1 Adaptive Innate 2 Immune system overview 1 st line of defense skin (2m 2 ) and mucosal membranes (~400m 2 ): physical barrier, lymphoid

More information

Overview of the immune system

Overview of the immune system Overview of the immune system Immune system Innate (nonspecific) 1 st line of defense Adaptive (specific) 2 nd line of defense Cellular components Humoral components Cellular components Humoral components

More information

Innate Immunity. Natural or native immunity

Innate Immunity. Natural or native immunity Innate Immunity 1 Innate Immunity Natural or native immunity 2 When microbes enter in the body 3 Secondly, it also stimulates the adaptive immune system 4 Immunologic memory 5 Components of Innate Immunity

More information

2. Innate immunity 2013

2. Innate immunity 2013 1 Innate Immune Responses 3 Innate immunity Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco The initial responses to: 1. Microbes: essential early mechanisms to prevent, control, or eliminate infection;

More information

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules MICR2209 Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will examine the major receptors used by cells of the innate and

More information

The Innate Immune Response

The Innate Immune Response The Innate Immune Response FUNCTIONS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: Recognize, destroy and clear a diversity of pathogens. Initiate tissue and wound healing processes. Recognize and clear damaged self components.

More information

Innate immunity. Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco. FOCiS

Innate immunity. Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco. FOCiS 1 Innate immunity Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Components of innate immunity Recognition of microbes and dead cells Toll Like Receptors NOD Like Receptors/Inflammasome

More information

Innate Immunity. Natural or native immunity

Innate Immunity. Natural or native immunity Innate Immunity 1 Innate Immunity Natural or native immunity 2 When microbes enter in the body 3 Secondly, it also stimulates the adaptive immune system 4 Immunologic memory 5 Components of Innate Immunity

More information

Innate Immunity. Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 2 August 2016

Innate Immunity. Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 2 August 2016 Innate Immunity Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 2 August 2016 Objectives: Explain how innate immune system recognizes foreign substances

More information

Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation

Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation Evolutionary View Epithelial barriers to infection Four main types of innate recognition molecules:tlrs, CLRs, NLRs, RLRs NF-κB, the master transcriptional regulator

More information

Innate Immunity. Chapter 3. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin

Innate Immunity. Chapter 3. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin Chapter Know Differences and Provide Examples Innate Immunity kin and Epithelial Barriers Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin -Activity against Gram (-) E. coli Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity

More information

MICR2209. Innate Immunity. Dr Allison Imrie

MICR2209. Innate Immunity. Dr Allison Imrie MICR2209 Innate Immunity Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au Synopsis: In this lecture we will review the different mechanisms which consbtute the innate immune response, and examine the major cells

More information

3/10/14. Ultrastructural organization. Gram Stain. Infection leads to production of inducers of inflammation. Gram negative.

3/10/14. Ultrastructural organization. Gram Stain. Infection leads to production of inducers of inflammation. Gram negative. Infection leads to production of inducers of inflammation or dendritic cell Inflammatory mediators: Complex and many, but include: Lipids and Proteins (cytokines/chemokines) TNF Others Ultrastructural

More information

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host Host Response to Disease Resistance- ability

More information

Innate Immunity. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples Chapter 3. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin

Innate Immunity. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples Chapter 3. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin Know Differences and Provide Examples Chapter * Innate Immunity * kin and Epithelial Barriers * Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin -Activity against Gram (-) E. coli Connection Between Innate and Adaptive

More information

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve

More information

Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation. Innate Immunity: An Evolutionary View

Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation. Innate Immunity: An Evolutionary View Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation Evolutionary View Epithelial barriers to infection Four main types of innate recognition molecules:tlrs, CLRs, NLRs, RLRs NF-κB, the master transcriptional regulator

More information

Chapter 3 The Induced Responses of Innate Immunity

Chapter 3 The Induced Responses of Innate Immunity Chapter 3 The Induced Responses of Innate Immunity Pattern recognition by cells of the innate immune system Pattern recognition by cells of the innate immune system 4 main pattern recognition receptors

More information

1. The scavenger receptor, CD36, functions as a coreceptor for which TLR? a. TLR ½ b. TLR 3 c. TLR 4 d. TLR 2/6

1. The scavenger receptor, CD36, functions as a coreceptor for which TLR? a. TLR ½ b. TLR 3 c. TLR 4 d. TLR 2/6 Allergy and Immunology Review Corner: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 8th Edition By Abul K. Abbas, MBBS, Andrew H. H. Lichtman, MD, PhD and Shiv Pillai, MBBS, PhD. Chapter 4 (pages 62-74): Innate Immunity

More information

Immune System AP SBI4UP

Immune System AP SBI4UP Immune System AP SBI4UP TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY EXTERNAL DEFENCES INTERNAL DEFENCES HUMORAL RESPONSE Skin Phagocytic Cells CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE Mucus layer Antimicrobial

More information

Defense mechanism against pathogens

Defense mechanism against pathogens Defense mechanism against pathogens Immune System What is immune system? Cells and organs within an animal s body that contribute to immune defenses against pathogens ( ) Bacteria -Major entry points ;open

More information

Innate Immunity. Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 25 July 2017

Innate Immunity. Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 25 July 2017 Innate Immunity Hathairat Thananchai, DPhil Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University 25 July 2017 Objectives: Explain how innate immune system recognizes foreign substances

More information

Question 1. Kupffer cells, microglial cells and osteoclasts are all examples of what type of immune system cell?

Question 1. Kupffer cells, microglial cells and osteoclasts are all examples of what type of immune system cell? Abbas Chapter 2: Sarah Spriet February 8, 2015 Question 1. Kupffer cells, microglial cells and osteoclasts are all examples of what type of immune system cell? a. Dendritic cells b. Macrophages c. Monocytes

More information

Chapter 24 The Immune System

Chapter 24 The Immune System Chapter 24 The Immune System The Immune System Layered defense system The skin and chemical barriers The innate and adaptive immune systems Immunity The body s ability to recognize and destroy specific

More information

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT Types of Adaptive Immunity Types of T Cell-mediated Immune Reactions CTLs = cytotoxic T lymphocytes

More information

Innate Immunity. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik

Innate Immunity. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Innate Immunity By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Types of immunity Immunity Innate / inborn Non-specific Acquired / adaptive Specific 3rd line of defense Physical barriers Skin, Saliva, Mucous, Stomach acid,

More information

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally!

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! Learn the language - use the glossary and index RNR - Reading, Note taking, Reviewing All materials in Chapters 1-3

More information

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses --

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses -- defenses Animal defenses -- immunity chapter 48 invertebrates coelomocytes, amoebocytes, hemocytes sponges, cnidarians, etc. annelids basophilic amoebocytes, acidophilic granulocytes arthropod immune systems

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells The Adaptive Immune Response B-cells The innate immune system provides immediate protection. The adaptive response takes time to develop and is antigen specific. Activation of B and T lymphocytes Naive

More information

Relative sizes of infectious agents

Relative sizes of infectious agents Relative sizes of infectious agents Bacteria Protozoa Viruses RBC 0.005 0.01 0.03 01 03 05 1 3 5 10 30 50 100 300 Size in microns ( µm ) - log scale Immunity to Infection Principle 1 Every clinical infection

More information

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response defense against infection & illness body defenses innate/ non-specific adaptable/ specific epithelium, fever, inflammation, complement,

More information

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3 INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 Protection Against Infection The body has several defenses to protect itself from getting an infection Skin Mucus membranes Serous membranes

More information

Topics. Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils

Topics. Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils Topics Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils Immune regulation Idiotypic network 2/15/2005 MICR 415 / 515

More information

IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES

IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES Immune Response to Bacterial Infection Characteris*cs of Bacteria 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 X 6 X 7 X Bacterial Diseases Any part of the body can be infected by many Infec;ous

More information

Resisting infection. Cellular Defenses: Leukocytes. Chapter 16: Innate host defenses Phagocytosis Lymph Inflammation Complement

Resisting infection. Cellular Defenses: Leukocytes. Chapter 16: Innate host defenses Phagocytosis Lymph Inflammation Complement Resisting infection Chapter 16: Innate host defenses Lymph Inflammation Complement Bio 139 Dr. Amy Rogers Innate defenses (ch. 16) Physical & chemical barriers; cellular defenses; inflammation, fever;

More information

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity)

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense &The Immune System Overview Immune System Agenda The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense & the Immune System Big Picture Defense Any means of preventing or

More information

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity Chapter 17A: Adaptive Immunity Part I 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity 2. T and B Cell Production 3. Antigens & Antigen Presentation 4. Helper T cells 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity The Nature of Adaptive

More information

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system Aims Immune system Lymphatic organs Inflammation Natural immune system Adaptive immune system Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Disorders of the immune system 1 2 Immune system Lymphoid organs Immune

More information

محاضرة مناعت مدرس المادة :ا.م. هدى عبدالهادي علي النصراوي Immunity to Infectious Diseases

محاضرة مناعت مدرس المادة :ا.م. هدى عبدالهادي علي النصراوي Immunity to Infectious Diseases محاضرة مناعت مدرس المادة :ا.م. هدى عبدالهادي علي النصراوي Immunity to Infectious Diseases Immunity to infection depends on a combination of innate mechanisms (phagocytosis, complement, etc.) and antigen

More information

ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY The recognition of specific antigen by naïve T cell induces its own activation and effector phases. T helper cells recognize peptide antigens through

More information

Immunology Lecture- 1

Immunology Lecture- 1 Immunology Lecture- 1 Immunology and Immune System Immunology: Study of the components and function of the immune system Immune System a network collected from cells, tissues organs and soluble factors

More information

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity The Immune System Biological mechanisms that defend an organism must be 1. triggered by a stimulus upon injury or pathogen attack 2. able to counteract the injury or invasion 3. able to recognise foreign

More information

Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release. Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation. Neutrophils & Innate Defense

Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release. Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation. Neutrophils & Innate Defense Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation Neutrophils & Innate Defense Neutrophils Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are recruited to the site of infection where they

More information

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS Exoskeleton made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens Digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and lysozyme,

More information

Immunology. Overview. Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D.

Immunology. Overview. Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D. Immunology Overview Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D. Immunology Overview Defini.ons Cells Lymphocytes An.gen-presen.ng cells Effector cells Responses The innate immune response Capturing and displaying an.gens Cell-mediated

More information

Anti-infectious Immunity

Anti-infectious Immunity Anti-infectious Immunity innate immunity barrier structures Secretory molecules Phagocytes NK cells Anatomical barriers 1. Skin and mucosa barrier 2.hemo-Spinal Fluid barrier 3. placental barrier Phagocytic

More information

JPEMS Nantes, Basic Immunology INNATE IMMUNITY

JPEMS Nantes, Basic Immunology INNATE IMMUNITY JPEMS Nantes, 2014- Basic Immunology INNATE IMMUNITY Teacher: Pr. Régis Josien, Laboratoire d Immunologie and INSERM U1064, CHU Nantes Regis.Josien@univ-nantes.fr 1 Contents 1. General features and specificity

More information

Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade

Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade Bryan L. Martin, DO, MMAS, FACAAI, FAAAAI, FACOI, FACP Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics President, American College of Allergy,

More information

Intrinsic cellular defenses against virus infection

Intrinsic cellular defenses against virus infection Intrinsic cellular defenses against virus infection Detection of virus infection Host cell response to virus infection Interferons: structure and synthesis Induction of antiviral activity Viral defenses

More information

Introduction to Immune System

Introduction to Immune System Introduction to Immune System Learning outcome You will be able to understand, at a fundamental level, the STRUCTURES and FUNCTIONS of cell surface and soluble molecules involved in recognition of foreign

More information

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions 1. Define 1) Immunity 2) Neutrophils 3) Macrophage 4) Epitopes 5) Interferon 6) Complement system 7) Histamine 8) Mast cells 9) Antigen 10) Antigens receptors 11)

More information

Body Defense Mechanisms

Body Defense Mechanisms BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of

More information

Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE

Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE The Adap4ve Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired as you are exposed to diseases The immune

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host SLOs Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity. Define antigen, epitope, and hapten. Explain the function

More information

Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan. 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1

Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan. 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1 Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1 Major components of IS & their properties Definitions IS = cells & molecules responsible for: 1- Physiologic; protective

More information

T cell-mediated immunity

T cell-mediated immunity T cell-mediated immunity Overview For microbes within phagosomes in phagocytes.cd4+ T lymphocytes (TH1) Activate phagocyte by cytokines studies on Listeria monocytogenes For microbes infecting and replicating

More information

1. Overview of Innate Immunity

1. Overview of Innate Immunity Chapter 15: Innate Immunity 1. Overview of Innate Immunity 2. Inflammation & Phagocytosis 3. Antimicrobial Substances 1. Overview of Innate Immunity Chapter Reading pp. 449-456 The Body s Defenses The

More information

Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Neutrophil granulocytes Macrophages. M-cells

Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Neutrophil granulocytes Macrophages. M-cells he immune system is everywhere Some organs have developed strategies towards the immune system to keep it out or to put it under control Immune privileged organs: Brain Eye estis hyroid gland Humoral immunity

More information

Immunity. Chapter 38 Part 1

Immunity. Chapter 38 Part 1 Immunity Chapter 38 Part 1 Impacts, Issues Frankie s Last Wish Infection with a common, sexually transmitted virus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers including the one that killed Frankie McCullogh 38.1

More information

Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells

Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells Stephanie Eisenbarth, M.D., Ph.D. FOCIS Advanced Course 2/19/18 Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale School of Medicine Department of Immunobiology Yale School

More information

ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Immunity Learning objectives Explain what triggers an immune response and where in the body the immune response occurs. Understand how the immune system handles exogenous and endogenous antigen differently.

More information

Innate Immunity & Inflammation

Innate Immunity & Inflammation Innate Immunity & Inflammation The innate immune system is an evolutionally conserved mechanism that provides an early and effective response against invading microbial pathogens. It relies on a limited

More information

Cell Mediated Immunity CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY. Basic Elements of Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Cell Mediated Immunity CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY. Basic Elements of Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) Chapter 16 CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY Cell Mediated Immunity Also known as Cellular Immunity or CMI The effector phase T cells Specificity for immune recognition reactions TH provide cytokines CTLs do the

More information

Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells. Part II: Cells (aka the Sentinels)

Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells. Part II: Cells (aka the Sentinels) Innate Immunity: (I) Molecules & (II) Cells Stephanie Eisenbarth, M.D., Ph.D. FOCIS Advanced Course 2/19/18 Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale School of Medicine Department of Immunobiology Yale School

More information

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Immunity Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated

More information

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance.

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance. L13: Acquired or adaptive (specific) immunity The resistance, which absent at the time of first exposure to a pathogen, but develops after being exposed to the pathogen is called acquired immunity. It

More information

Time course of immune response

Time course of immune response Time course of immune response Route of entry Route of entry (cont.) Steps in infection Barriers to infection Mf receptors Facilitate engulfment Glucan, mannose Scavenger CD11b/CD18 Allows immediate response

More information

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, ONDO DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY LECTURER: MR A.O. AKINOLA OBJECTIVES Leukopoiesis Thrombopoiesis Leukopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis White blood

More information

Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis Chapter. Cells and Organs of the Immune System Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis- formation and development of WBC and RBC bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cell- give rise to any blood cells (constant number,

More information

Identification of Microbes

Identification of Microbes Identification of Microbes Recognition by PRR (pattern recognition receptors) Recognize conserved molecular patterns on microbes called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are not present

More information

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 CHAPTER 16: NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE HOST I. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE A. Mechanical Barriers (Physical

More information

Disease causing organisms Resistance Immunity

Disease causing organisms Resistance Immunity Part 1 Disease causing organisms Resistance Immunity Bacteria Most common pathogens Anthrax Cholera Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria Bacterial diseases Tuberculosis Cholera Bubonic Plague Tetanus Effects

More information

Biochemistry of the immune system. B. Sopko

Biochemistry of the immune system. B. Sopko Biochemistry of the immune system B. Sopko Content The innate immune system Introduction Cells Immediate Innate Immunity Early Induced Innate Immunity Adaptive immunity Introduction Humoral Immunity Cell-Mediated

More information

Chapter 10 (pages ): Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells Prepared by Kristen Dazy, MD, Scripps Clinic Medical Group

Chapter 10 (pages ): Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells Prepared by Kristen Dazy, MD, Scripps Clinic Medical Group FIT Board Review Corner September 2015 Welcome to the FIT Board Review Corner, prepared by Andrew Nickels, MD, and Sarah Spriet, DO, senior and junior representatives of ACAAI's Fellows-In-Training (FITs)

More information

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center General Overview of Immunology Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Objectives Describe differences between innate and adaptive immune responses

More information

Components of the innate immune system

Components of the innate immune system Components of the innate immune system Before our discussion about innate immunity Differences between innate and adaptive systems: Innate immune system = natural = native -Germline: prepared before exposure

More information

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 In innate immunity, recognition and

More information

Chapter 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Chapter 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host Module 10 Chapter 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host The concept of immunity Immunity: ability to protect against from microbes and their o Aka, Susceptibility: vulnerability or lack

More information

Ch 12. Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses

Ch 12. Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses Ch 12 Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses SLOs Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity. Define and explain PRRs and PAMPs Differentiate physical from chemical factors, and list examples of

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses MICR2209 Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses Dr Allison Imrie 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will review the different mechanisms which constitute the humoral immune response, and examine the antibody

More information

Immunology for the Rheumatologist

Immunology for the Rheumatologist Immunology for the Rheumatologist Rheumatologists frequently deal with the immune system gone awry, rarely studying normal immunology. This program is an overview and discussion of the function of the

More information

3/28/2012. Immune System. Activation of Innate Immunity. Innate (non-specific) Immunity

3/28/2012. Immune System. Activation of Innate Immunity. Innate (non-specific) Immunity Chapter 5 Outline Defense Mechansims Functions of B Lymphocytes Functions of T Lymphocytes Active and Passive Immunity Tumor Immunology Diseases Caused By Immune System Immune System Anatomy - Lymphoid

More information

Title: NATURAL KILLER CELL FUNCTIONS AND SURFACE RECEPTORS

Title: NATURAL KILLER CELL FUNCTIONS AND SURFACE RECEPTORS LECTURE: 14 Title: NATURAL KILLER CELL FUNCTIONS AND SURFACE RECEPTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: Describe the general morphology of the NK-cells. Enumerate the different functions

More information

Fc receptors, phagocytosis role 128

Fc receptors, phagocytosis role 128 Subject Index Adaptive immunity dependence on innate immunity 9, 10 evolution 10 Aging anti-inflammatory agents in counteraction 202 beneficial polymorphisms 199 201 definition 18, 189 innate immunity

More information

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System Chapter 17: Specific Host Defenses: The Immune Response The Immune Response Immunity: Free from burden. Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. Immune

More information

MACROPHAGE "MONOCYTES" SURFACE RECEPTORS

MACROPHAGE MONOCYTES SURFACE RECEPTORS LECTURE: 13 Title: MACROPHAGE "MONOCYTES" SURFACE RECEPTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: Describe the blood monocytes (size, and shape of nucleus). Enumerate some of the monocytes

More information

TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND CYTOKINES IN SEPSIS

TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND CYTOKINES IN SEPSIS TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND CYTOKINES IN SEPSIS A/PROF WILLIAM SEWELL ST VINCENT S CLINICAL SCHOOL, UNSW SYDPATH, ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL SYDNEY GARVAN INSTITUTE INNATE VERSUS ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES INNATE

More information

Innate vs Adaptive Response

Innate vs Adaptive Response General Immunology Innate vs Adaptive Response Innate- non-specific (4 types of barriers) anatomic- ato mechanical ca (skin), ph, mucous, normal flora Physiologic- temperature, ph, chemicals (lysozyme,

More information

Immunology Part II. Innate Immunity. 18. April 2018, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Marcus Peters,

Immunology Part II. Innate Immunity. 18. April 2018, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Marcus Peters, Immunology Part II Innate Immunity 18. April 2018, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Marcus Peters, marcus.peters@rub.de Conserved structures of pathogens PAMPs are detected by Pattern Recognition Receptors PRRs

More information

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 INNATE IMMUNITY (all animals) Recognition of traits shared

More information

Innate Immunity. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege

Innate Immunity. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Innate Immunity Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The vertebrate, including human, immune system is a complex multilayered system for defending against external and internal threats to the integrity of the body. The

More information

Cutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses. Skin Biology Lecture Series

Cutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses. Skin Biology Lecture Series Cutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses Skin Biology Lecture Series The Immune Response: Innate and Adaptive Components Source: Wolff, Goldsmith, Katz, Gilchrest, Paller, Leffell. Fitzpatrick s Dermatology

More information

Independent Study Guide The Innate Immune Response (Chapter 15)

Independent Study Guide The Innate Immune Response (Chapter 15) Independent Study Guide The Innate Immune Response (Chapter 15) I. General types of immunity (Chapter 15 introduction) a. Innate i. inborn ii. pattern recognition b. Adaptive i. "learned" through exposure

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 IMMUNOLOGY AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTION

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 IMMUNOLOGY AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTION Slide 1 IMMUNOLOGY AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTION Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases 5214 Slide 2 IMMUNE SYSTEM A network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body against

More information

4b. Innate (nonspecific) Immunity

4b. Innate (nonspecific) Immunity 4b. Innate (nonspecific) Immunity Chapter 16: Innate (nonspecific) Immunity! Some terms:! Susceptibility: Lack of immunity to a disease.! Immunity: Ability to ward off disease.! Innate immunity: Defenses

More information

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Andrew H. Lichtman, M.D. Ph.D. Department of Pathology Brigham and Women s Hospital and Harvard

More information

In developed countries (like the U.S.) we really only have to worry about viruses and bacteria

In developed countries (like the U.S.) we really only have to worry about viruses and bacteria The immune system dis1nguishes self from non- self When we think of the immune system, we o>en only think that it protects us from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) But, the immune system

More information

Basic immunological concepts and Cells of the immune system

Basic immunological concepts and Cells of the immune system Basic immunological concepts and Cells of the immune system BBS755 Infection and Immunity Feb 5, 2015 Lecture 2 Prof. Stern Immunology: study of how an organism responds to pathogens Protozoa Fungus Bacteria

More information

I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms. Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense

I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms. Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense Innate Immunity involves nonspecific physical & chemical barriers that are adapted for

More information