Viral Hepatitis. Background
|
|
- Randolf Gregory
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Viral Hepatitis Background Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver can be caused by infectious and noninfectious problems. Infectious etiologies include viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Noninfectious causes include certain medications, toxins such as alcohol, and autoimmune diseases. Of the viral hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A accounts for 30% of acute infections in the United States, hepatitis B for 40% and hepatitis C for 30%. The clinical presentation of acute hepatitis varies from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic to serious illness or death. It is the leading cause of fulminant liver failure in the US causing 4,000 to 5,000 deaths each year. Chronic infection is possible with hepatitis B or C and causes approximately 16,0000 deaths/year. Seventy percent of chronic hepatitis in the US is due to hepatitis C, 20% from hepatitis B and 10% from a coinfection with both B and C. Phases of Infection There are four recognized phases in patients infected with viral hepatitis. Phase one is the viral replication stage during which the patient is asymptomatic. Serologic testing is positive and liver function tests may be abnormal. In phase 2, the prodromal stage, the patient complains of nonspecific symptoms such as fever chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alteration in taste, malaise, arthralgias, headache and fatigue. They may experience itching or rash and develop an aversion to smoking cigarettes. If medical care is sought during this phase, the patient is often diagnosed with a viral syndrome or gastroenteritis. In phase three, the icteric phase, the patient develops dark urine and light-colored stools. The skin and eyes become jaundiced. Gastrointestinal symptoms worsen and right upper quadrant pain develops. A painful, enlarged, firm liver may be noted on examination. In the convalescent phase, phase 4, symptoms and icterus resolve and the liver function tests normalize. Hepatitis A Approximately 1/3 of cases of acute viral hepatitis reported in the US are caused by hepatitis A. The highest incidence is in children age 5 to 14 years. HAV exists in highest concentrations in the stool of infected patients and is transmitted from person-to-person mainly via the fecal-oral route. Contaminated food such as shellfish collected from
2 sewage-contaminated water has also been implicated. HAV may spread through infected serum but this is much less common. Infection occurs worldwide, but risk is greatest in developing countries, areas of low socioeconomic status and areas without sufficient sanitation. Because of the increased incidence of fecal-oral spread, daycare centers are also sites of increased transmission. Other groups at high risk include travelers to Africa, Asia, Central and South America and the Middle East, intravenous drug abusers, homosexual men and military personnel stationed in foreign countries. Close contacts to infected persons are also at risk. Maternal-neonatal transmission does not occur. The incubation period of HAV is two to six weeks and clinical symptoms develop more rapidly than in the other forms of viral hepatitis. The most common symptoms are fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, enlarged liver, jaundice, dark urine, loss of appetite and rash. HAV is usually a mild self-limited disease that confers lifelong immunity. However, the older the patient, the more severe the illness is likely to be. Complications include fulminant liver failure (rare) and relapsing hepatitis (15%). With relapsing hepatitis, the patient experiences episodic symptoms for six to nine months. Chronic infection does not occur. The mortality rate from acute hepatitis A infection is extremely low ( %). Improved sanitation, strict personal hygiene and frequent hand washing especially after using the restroom, changing diapers or when preparing food, may help prevent transmission of HAV. Travelers to endemic areas should not drink water or eat raw seafood. In addition, they should cook and peel all fruits and vegetables. A vaccine to prevent HAV infection was produced in 1995 and is > 90% effective. The vaccine is recommended for those traveling to areas of increased risk, homosexual men, intravenous drug abusers, and patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is the most virulent form of acute viral hepatitis. It is estimated that 400 to 500 million people worldwide are carriers of HBV and one million deaths occur each year due to liver disease caused by hepatitis B. In the United States, approximately 1,250,000 people are chronically infected and 50,000 to 250,000 become newly infected each year. HBV is primarily a disease of adults and adolescents. Transmission occurs parenterally, sexually and perinatally. Saliva, serum and semen are all potentially infectious. Percutaneous exposures causing transmission include transfusion of HBV-infected blood or blood products, intravenous drug use with shared needles,
3 hemodialysis and needlesticks. Sexual contact is the cause for 50% of acute HBV infections in the US. Intravenous drug use accounts for another 20%. The risk of acquiring hepatitis B from a blood transfusion is 1/250,000 due to a screening test in use since the early 1970s. Dialysis patients and hemophiliacs are at increased risk. Perinatal transmission is a major cause of HBV worldwide. Infection occurs due to direct contact with the mother s contaminated blood during the delivery process and not transplacentally. Though hepatitis B is less common in the pediatric patient, 95% of children with HBV infection become chronically infected. The incubation period for hepatitis B is 30 to 180 days. Patients then enter the prodromal phase, developing the gradual onset of malaise, fatigue and loss of appetite. Liver enzymes start to rise as the liver becomes inflamed. The patient may begin to experience pain in the right upper quadrant. Next the patient enters the icteric phase during which the liver becomes tender to palpation and jaundice arises. Nausea, vomiting, and itching also occur. The patient may notice dark urine and light stools. The remainder of the clinical course is variable. Ninety-five percent of adult patients have a fairly rapid improvement of their symptoms and develop antibodies to HBV that confer lifelong immunity. Approximately 5% of adults become chronically infected. They are carriers who have virus present in their blood for > six months. Of those with chronic infection, 70-90% are asymptomatic but contagious. Ten to thirty percent develop chronic hepatitis with increased liver enzymes in their blood and abnormal liver cells noted on biopsy. These patients can also remain symptom free though some have chronic fatigue and dyspepsia. Patients with chronic hepatitis are at increased risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer. A small subset of patients (0.5-1%) with acute hepatitis B infection develops rapid progression to fulminant hepatic failure, which is acute liver failure in the setting of hepatic encephalopathy. Fulminant hepatic failure may resolve, but > 50% of cases end in death unless urgent liver transplantation is performed. Immunization with the three-dose recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine may prevent infection. This vaccine is recommended for all children and healthcare workers. Non-immunized persons in close contact with infected patients or those who experience a significant occupational exposure should receive the HBV immune globulin as well as the vaccine as this combination prevents 80-95% of transmission in these settings.
4 Hepatitis C Hepatitis C is five times as widespread as HIV, infecting 170 million people worldwide. An estimated 3.9 million Americans have been infected making it the most common blood borne infection in the United States. Of these, 2.7 million are chronically infected. Approximately 30,000 new cases of HCV infection occur annually. Many of these people are asymptomatic and, therefore, unaware that they are infected. In the US, HCV causes approximately 20% of acute hepatitis cases. Forty percent of chronic liver disease in this country is HCV related. It is the primary reason for liver transplantation. The highest rates of disease occur in intravenous drug abusers and hemophiliacs. Transmission mainly occurs parenterally with intravenous drug use accounting for 60%. Transfusion of infected blood, blood products or organs and needlestick exposures are also routes of transmission. Since testing of donors for HCV began in 1992, the risk of acquiring the infection is 1/100,000 per unit of blood transfused. Perinatal transmission occurs as well. Sharing paraphernalia used for intranasal substance abuse has also been noted to transmit the virus. Sexual contact with an infected partner is felt to be low risk. The incubation period for HCV is 15 to 150 days. Symptom onset is insidious. During acute infection, symptoms may be similar to those seen in acute HBV infection. However, up to 80% of patients with acute HCV are asymptomatic and anicteric. Chronic infection occurs in 75 to 85% of infected persons and as many as 70% of these develop chronic hepatitis. Of the patients who have chronic hepatitis, 20% develop cirrhosis over a period of ten to forty years. As with HBV infection, patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are at increased risk for primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma); 8,000 to 10,000 people die in the US per year secondary to end stage liver disease related to HCV infection. There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C nor is there any postexposure prophylaxis. Prevention is primarily aimed at eliminating high-risk behaviors such as intravenous drug use. Contacts of patients who are infected with HCV should not share any personal care items (e.g. razors or toothbrushes) that may have blood on them. Health care providers must use universal precautions. Though the risk of transmission from sexual contact is low, condoms are recommended for people with multiple sexual partners. Hepatitis D
5 HDV is an incomplete virus and requires the presence of the hepatitis B virus in order to replicate. Infection can occur concurrently with HBV infection or can be superimposed on a chronically infected hepatitis B patient. Transmission occurs via the same route as hepatitis B although perinatal transmission is rare. The incubation period of HDV is approximately 35 days. Patients coinfected with HBV and HDV often have more severe disease than do those with HBV alone. Thirty three to fifty percent develop fulminant hepatic failure. Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis also occurs more frequently in the presence of infection with both viruses. Since the HDV can only infect a person when the HBV is present, transmission can be decreased by vaccinating against hepatitis B. There is no known way of preventing HDV infection in a person who is a carrier of hepatitis B. Treatment of Viral Hepatitis The treatment of viral hepatitis is mostly supportive with intravenous fluids to correct dehydration, analgesics for pain, and antiemetics for nausea. As the liver is a primary source of the factors needed in coagulation, patients may need blood products to correct any clotting problems they may have as a result of liver inflammation. Specific treatment for chronic infections caused by HBV and HCV do exist. Interferon alfa-2b is an effective treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection who have ongoing liver inflammation as evidenced by elevated liver enzymes. It attaches to healthy cells and helps them defend themselves against viruses and also helps the immune system stop viral replication. One third of patients with chronic HBV treated with 5 million units per day experience remission and 10% become hepatitis B antigen negative (cured). Interferon has the disadvantage of intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. Lamivudine (Epivir) is also used in patients with chronic HBV infection. Lamivudine works by inhibiting HBV polymerase, the viral enzyme that mediates DNA synthesis, thereby stopping viral replication. By reducing the HBV viral levels, progressive liver inflammation is suppressed which decreases the risk of further damage to the liver. Fifty two percent of patients had decreased evidence of liver inflammation as compared to 36% of those taking interferon and 23-25% taking placebo. Studies evaluating combination treatment with interferon and lamivudine in chronic HBV patients are ongoing. Three million units of interferon given three times per week to patients with chronic HCV leads to remission in 50 to 70%; unfortunately most patients relapse after treatment is discontinued. Use of the antiviral medication ribavirin in combination with interferon
6 has been shown to provide a more sustained remission in chronic HCV patients. Ribavirin is felt to directly inhibit viral RNA replication and also cause mutation in the viral structure. Peginterferon, a chemically altered version of interferon with a longer half life, in combination with ribaviron produces a significantly higher sustained viral response and affords once a week treatment.
Confirmed (Laboratory Tests) Serum positive for IgM anti-hbc or, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg).
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Hepatitis
More informationViral hepatitis. Supervised by: Dr.Gaith. presented by: Shaima a & Anas & Ala a
Viral hepatitis Supervised by: Dr.Gaith presented by: Shaima a & Anas & Ala a Etiology Common: Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Less common: Cytomegalovirus EBV Rare: Herpes
More informationViral Hepatitis - Historical Perspective
Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspective Infectious A E Enterically transmitted Viral hepatitis NANB Serum B D F, G,? other C Parenterally transmitted Before the discovery of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and
More informationChapter 2 Hepatitis B Overview
Chapter 2 Hepatitis B Overview 23 24 This page intentionally left blank. HEPATITIS B OVERVIEW Hepatitis B Virus The hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family and is known to cause both
More informationCOURSE DESCRIPTION. Copyright Information
COURSE DESCRIPTION This continuing education course will review six types of hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, and Hepatitis G. Information about symptoms, diagnosis,
More informationHepatitis STARS Program. Geri Brown, M.D. Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine October 4, 2003
Hepatitis 2003 STARS Program Geri Brown, M.D. Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine October 4, 2003 Outline n Hepatitis A Epidemiology and screening Transmission n Hepatitis B Epidemiology
More informationCommonly Asked Questions About Chronic Hepatitis C
Commonly Asked Questions About Chronic Hepatitis C From the American College of Gastroenterology 1. How common is the hepatitis C virus? The hepatitis C virus is the most common cause of chronic viral
More informationBlood Borne Pathogens. Becky Walch, R.N. Micheel Valdez, L.V.N.
Blood Borne Pathogens Becky Walch, R.N. Micheel Valdez, L.V.N. Examples of Blood Borne Pathogens Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Other Hepatitis HIV Hepatitis Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis
More informationLiver Disease. By: Michael Martins
Liver Disease By: Michael Martins Recently I have been getting a flurry of patients that have some serious liver complications. This week s literature review will be the dental management of the patients
More informationHepatitis is an epidemic disease that can be caused by different viruses including hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D or E.
What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is an epidemic disease that can be caused by different viruses including hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D or E. Hepatitis A and E are not chronic and are mostly present in areas
More informationEpidemiology Update Hepatitis A
December 2011 Epidemiology Update Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Key Points Between 2000 and 2010, 209 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Hennepin County residents. This represents 30% of the cases reported
More informationUses and Misuses of Viral Hepatitis Testing. Origins of Liver Science
Uses and Misuses of Viral Hepatitis Testing Richard S Lang, MD, MPH, FACP Chairman, Preventive Medicine Vice-Chair, Wellness Institute Raul J Seballos, MD, FACP Vice-Chair, Preventive Medicine Wellness
More informationViral hepatitis Blood Born hepatitis. Dr. MONA BADR Assistant Professor College of Medicine & KKUH
Viral hepatitis Blood Born hepatitis Dr. MONA BADR Assistant Professor College of Medicine & KKUH Outline Introduction to hepatitis Characteristics of viral hepatitis Mode of transmission Markers of hepatitis
More informationHepatitis C (Hep C) By Joshua Rollins. Transmission/Reservoirs
Hepatitis C (Hep C) By Joshua Rollins Etiological Agent: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Transmission/Reservoirs Reservoir: Human The infection stems from the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is Blood borne pathogen
More informationObjectives. Acute Hepatitis: Symptoms. Acute Hepatitis: Signs HIHIM 409. Acute Viral Hepatitis by Type, United States,
Objectives Viral Hepatitis: ABCD&E HIHIM 409 Describe the Clinical Syndromes of Viral Hepatitis List the modes of Transmission Understand and be able to interpret Diagnostic (laboratory) tests Know the
More informationLifetime risk of infection >60% Early childhood infections common
Hepatitis Community Medicine HBV Public health sig HBV is 100 times more infectious than HIV. >350 million chronically infected worldwide. >1 million people die annually of HBV- related chronic liver disease.
More informationLearning Objectives: Hepatitis Update. Primary Causes of Chronic Liver Disease in the U.S. Hepatitis Definition. Hepatitis Viruses.
Learning Objectives: Hepatitis Update ASCLS-Michigan March 31, 2016 Dr. Kathleen Hoag Upon attendance of this seminar and review of material provided, the attendees will be able to: 1. List hepatitis viruses
More informationHepadnaviridae family (DNA) Numerous antigenic components Humans are only known host May retain infectivity for more than 7 days at room temperature
Hepatitis B Epidemic jaundice described by Hippocrates in 5th century BC Jaundice reported among recipients of human serum and yellow fever vaccines in 1930s and 1940s Australia antigen described in 1965
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 7-1. Identify the common types of hepatitis.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 7 Hepatitis. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 7-1 through 7-11. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 7-1. Identify the common types of hepatitis.
More informationHepatitis. Dr. Mohamed. A. Mahdi 5/2/2019. Mob:
Hepatitis Dr. Mohamed. A. Mahdi Mob: 0123002800 5/2/2019 Hepatitis Hepatitis means the inflammation of the liver. May cause by viruses or bacteria, parasites, radiation, drugs, chemical and toxins (alcohol).
More informationJuly Hepatitis Monthly Awareness Toolkit
July Hepatitis Monthly Awareness Toolkit World Hepatitis Day is July 28 th Together we can eliminate Hepatitis across the globe!! Hepatitis Viral Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.
More informationHBV : Structure. HBx protein Transcription activator
Hepatitis B Virus 1 Hepatitis B Virus 2 Properties of HBV a member of the hepadnavirus group Enveloped, partially double-stranded DNA viruses, smallest DNA virus Replication involves a reverse transcriptase
More informationX-Plain Hepatitis B Reference Summary
X-Plain Hepatitis B Reference Summary Introduction Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks the liver. The virus is transmitted through
More informationSandi Mitchell Nurse Educator Clinical Prevention Services BCCDC
Sandi Mitchell Nurse Educator Clinical Prevention Services BCCDC sandi.mitchell@bccdc.ca Hepatitis A, B and C Testing Transmission Treatment What Is Hepatitis? Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver
More informationMedia centre. WHO Hepatitis B. Key facts. 1 of :12 AM.
1 of 5 2013-08-02 7:12 AM Media centre Hepatitis B Share Print Fact sheet N 204 Updated July 2013 Key facts Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic
More informationHepatitis C Best Practice Guidelines For Local Health Departments
Hepatitis C Best Practice Guidelines For Local Health Departments LHDs are responsible for investigating and reporting all physician reported cases of acute hepatitis C (HCV). For clients known to have
More informationHepatitis C: Let s Talk About It. Causes of Hepatitis
Hepatitis C: Let s Talk About It Susan Thompson, RN, MPH Technical Assistance and Training Program NC Communicable Disease Branch July 2012 Causes of Hepatitis any swelling, inflammation, or irritation
More information5 th Grade Curriculum HIV and Communicable Diseases
5 th Grade Curriculum HIV and Communicable Diseases HIV and Communicable Diseases Serious subject Mature enough Consequences Informational Prevention Hypochondriac Disease HIV-AIDS HIV Human Immunodeficiency
More informationHepatitis B. Data from the Travel Health Surveillance Section of the Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre
Hepatitis B Introduction Hepatitis B virus is one of the most prevalent viruses worldwide and is a major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a hepadnavirus, consisting of
More informationpatients with blood borne viruses Controlled Document Number: Version Number: 4 Controlled Document Sponsor: Controlled Document Lead:
CONTROLLED DOCUMENT Procedure for the management of patients with blood borne viruses CATEGORY: CLASSIFICATION: PURPOSE Controlled Document Number: Version Number: 4 Controlled Document Sponsor: Controlled
More informationHEALTH SERVICES POLICY & PROCEDURE MANUAL
PAGE 1 of 5 PURPOSE To provide guidelines on the treatment and care of patients with Hepatitis. POLICY Hepatitis is an injury to hepatic cells and an inflammatory process in the liver. The major causes
More informationHepatitis E FAQs for Health Professionals
Hepatitis E FAQs for Health Professionals Index of Questions ± Overview and Statistics What is Hepatitis E? How common is Hepatitis E in the United States? Where is Hepatitis E most common? Are there different
More informationHepatitis B and C Overview, Outbreaks, and Recommendations. Viral Hepatitis Language. Types of Viral Hepatitis 7/1/2013
Hepatitis B and C Overview, Outbreaks, and Recommendations Elizabeth Lawlor, MS Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Viral Hepatitis Language Acute infection is when the infection
More informationWhat is hepatitis? What is hepatitis A? How is it spread? What are the symptoms? How soon do symptoms appear? How is hepatitis A diagnosed?
Hepatitis A Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 305 South Street, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is any kind of inflammation (a reaction which can include swelling and pain)
More informationHEPATITIS B INFECTION and Pregnancy. Caesar Mensah Communicable Diseases & Infection Control Specialist, UK June 2011
HEPATITIS B INFECTION and Pregnancy Caesar Mensah Communicable Diseases & Infection Control Specialist, UK June 2011 HEPATITIS B 26/07/2011 What is Hepatitis B? It is inflammation (infection) of the liver
More informationWhat is Hepatitis? Hepatitis A
What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is inflammation and swelling of the liver that can be caused by certain drugs, alcohol, toxins, autoimmune disorders or viral infections. Viral hepatitis will be the topic
More information-HCV genome is about 9400 nucleotides long, it is ssrna and positive sense -the 10 viral proteins are first made as a large polyprotein -individual
2013: HCV Genome -HCV genome is about 9400 nucleotides long, it is ssrna and positive sense -the 10 viral proteins are first made as a large polyprotein -individual proteins are released from polyprotein
More information"Hepatitis" means inflammation of the liver and also refers to a group of viral infections that
Understanding Viral Hepatitis in African Americans Health Note Viral Hepatitis "Hepatitis" means inflammation of the liver and also refers to a group of viral infections that Viral hepatitis is the leading
More informationHEPATITIS VIRUSES. Other causes (not exclusively hepatitis v.)also called sporadic hepatitis: HEPATITIS A(infectious hepatitis)
Dept.of Microbiology/Virology Assist.prof. Shatha F. Abdullah HEPATITIS VIRUSES Medically important hepatitis v. (liver)are: 1.HAV 2.HBV 3.HCV 4.HDV 5.HEV 6.HGV Other causes (not exclusively hepatitis
More informationA VIEW OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN DURRES REGION DURING
Interdisplinary Journal of Research and Development Alexander Moisiu University, Durrës, Albania Vol (IV), No.2, 2017 Paper presented in 1 -st International Scientific Conference on Professional Sciences,
More informationHepatitis. Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A, B, and C:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A, B, and C: An Overview Andrea L. Cox, M.D., Ph.D. The Viral Hepatitis Center The Johns Hopkins University Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Can be caused
More informationViral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Management
Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Management CLINICAL BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a relatively common disease (25 per 100,000 individuals in the United States) caused by a diverse group of hepatotropic agents
More informationHow does HBV affect the liver?
Hepatitis B Why is the liver important? Your liver is a vital organ that performs many essential functions. It s the largest solid organ in the body and is located under your rib cage on the upper right
More informationWhat is Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?
HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) What is Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)? Hepatitis is an inflammation (swelling or tenderness) of the liver. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common form of viral hepatitis and usually
More informationViral Hepatitis. Dr Melissa Haines Gastroenterologist Waikato Hospital
Viral Hepatitis Dr Melissa Haines Gastroenterologist Waikato Hospital Viral Hepatitis HAV HBV HCV HDV HEV Other viral: CMV, EBV, HSV Unknown Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Transmitted via the faecal-oral route
More informationHEPATITIS C, ACUTE CRUDE DATA. Number of Cases 5 Annual Incidence a LA County 0.05 California b 0.10 United States b 0.68 Age at Diagnosis Mean 38
2016 Annual Morbidity Report HEPATITIS C, ACUTE a Rates calculated based on less than 19 cases or events are considered unreliable b Calculated from: CDC. Notice to Readers: Final 2016 Reports of Nationally
More informationImtiaz Alam, M.D. Phone: [512] Mandy Mishra, CNS Fax: [512] Austin Hepatitis Center 12201, Renfert Way Suite 235 Austin, TX 78758
Imtiaz Alam, M.D. Phone: [512] 719-4370 Mandy Mishra, CNS Fax: [512] 719-4371 Austin Hepatitis Center 12201, Renfert Way Suite 235 Austin, TX 78758 Overview HEPATITIS A Hepatitis A is a highly contagious
More informationAddressing Charity Issues - Christmas at Ashburton (Pietermaritzburg)
VOLUME 1 / FIRST QUARTER VOLUME SEASON YEAR Addressing Charity Issues - Christmas at Ashburton (Pietermaritzburg) The learners at the Ashburton Primary school welcomed the SRA staff and volunteers with
More informationHepatitis A Surveillance Protocol
Provider Responsibilities 1. Report all cases to your local health department within the timeframe indicated: Sporadic case of - should be reported within 24 hours of diagnosis. Outbreaks of - should be
More informationHepatitis B. What Is Hepatitis? What Are The Two Stages Of Hepatitis? Published on: 5 Oct 2010
Published on: 5 Oct 2010 Hepatitis B What Is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Inflammation causes soreness and swelling. Hepatitis can be caused by many things. Hepatitis is most commonly
More informationHepatitis A-E Viruses. Dr Nemes Zsuzsanna
Hepatitis A-E Viruses Dr Nemes Zsuzsanna Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives Infectious A E Enterically transmitted Viral hepatitis NANB Serum B D C Parenterally transmitted HGV, TTV, SEN, other
More informationHepatitis B at a Glance
Return completed form, preferably within 30 days of U.S. date of arrival, to address on reverse side of this form. Review overseas medical exam if available and document immunization dates. Indicate if
More informationChronic Hepatitis C. Risk Factors
Chronic Hepatitis C The hepatitis C virus is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease in the United States. Almost 4 million Americans or 1.8 percent of the U.S. population have an antibody
More informationHEPATITIS C. General Information. Can Hepatitis C be prevented? Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C? Will Develop Chronic Infection
Basic Hepatitis C HEPATITIS C General Information Can Hepatitis C be prevented? Yes. To reduce the risk of becoming infected with the Hepatitis C virus: Do not share needles or other equipment to inject
More informationViral Hepatitis. Dr. Abdulwahhab S. Abdullah CABM, FICMS-G&H PROF. DR. SABEHA ALBAYATI CABM,FRCP
Viral Hepatitis Dr. Abdulwahhab S. Abdullah CABM, FICMS-G&H PROF. DR. SABEHA ALBAYATI CABM,FRCP Viral hepatitis Viral hepatitis must be considered in any patient presenting with hepatitis on LFTs (high
More informationHepatitis A Virus: Old Things Made New
Hepatitis A Virus: Old Things Made New Cody A. Chastain, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Viral Hepatitis Program Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University Medical Center Cody.A.Chastain@VUMC.org
More informationyour liver Care for Think about hepatitis
your liver Care for Think about hepatitis World Hepatitis Day 2015 What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is the common name for all inflammatory diseases of the liver. Liver inflammation is most often caused by
More informationF REQUENTLY A SKED Q UESTIONS
F REQUENTLY A SKED Q UESTIONS page 1 Viral Hepatitis Pain in the stomach Skin and whites of the eyes turning yellow, also called jaundice Q: What are the types of viral hepatitis? A: Hepatitis A Q: What
More informationViral Hepatitis in Reproductive Health
Viral Hepatitis in Reproductive Health Training Course in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Geneva 2010 Dr José M Bengoa Dr Pierre Jean Malè Consultants Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
More informationHepatitis B (Part 1 - intro)
Hepatitis B (Part 1 - intro) The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) l Virology Discovered in 1966 double-stranded DNA virus l family of hepadnaviruses l HBV unique to Humans (Primates too in laboratory studies) no
More informationViral Hepatitis in Children DR. HOSSAIN IBRAHIM AGEEL PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGIST PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT KFCH JAZAN
Viral Hepatitis in Children DR. HOSSAIN IBRAHIM AGEEL PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGIST PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT KFCH JAZAN General Concepts Hepatitis = 'inflammation of the liver'. Virus causes: Hepatotropic and
More informationHepatitis A Case Investigation and Outbreak Response. Terrie Whitfield LPN Public Health Representative
Hepatitis A Case Investigation and Outbreak Response Terrie Whitfield LPN Public Health Representative Training Objectives Provide an overview of HAV epidemiology Present reporting criteria and HAV case
More informationHIV, STI AND OTHER BLOOD- BORNE DISEASES. Kolářová M., EPI Autumn 2015
HIV, STI AND OTHER BLOOD- BORNE DISEASES Kolářová M., EPI Autumn 2015 Chlamydia infection Genital warts Gonorrhoea Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIV infection and AIDS Human papillomavirus infection Sexually
More informationHepatitis B infection
Hepatitis B infection Kenneth Kabagambe Executive Director The National Organization for People Living with Hepatitis B (NOPLHB Uganda General introduction: Viral hepatitis in Uganda Viruses that affect
More information9/12/2018. Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Hepatitis B Infection
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B Vaccine Adult Track Chapter 10 Photographs and images included in this presentation
More informationViral Hepatitis. Viral Hepatitis. Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 Viral Hepatitis. March 23, Selassie AW (DPHS, MUSC) 1
Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 (A. Selassie, DrPH) Lecture 19 Learning Objectives 1. Describe the epidemiology of viral hepatitis 2. Identify the biologic characteristics of the various viruses
More informationThe ABCs of Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis. Ila Singh, M.D., Ph.D. P & S Viral Hepatitis. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses
The ABCs of Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis Ila Singh, M.D., Ph.D. P & S 14-453 is132@columbia.edu Viral Hepatitis Hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses Generalized infection plus infection
More informationEnd Stage Liver Disease & Disease Specific Indications for Liver Transplant. Susan Kang, RN, MSN, ANP-BC
End Stage Liver Disease & Disease Specific Indications for Liver Transplant Susan Kang, RN, MSN, ANP-BC Introduction (https://www.srtr.org) What does the liver do? STORAGE METABOLIC DETOXIFICATION SYNTHETIC
More informationEnd Stage Liver Disease & Disease Specific Indications for Liver Transplant Susan Kang, RN, MSN, ANP BC
End Stage Liver Disease & Disease Specific Indications for Liver Transplant Susan Kang, RN, MSN, ANP BC Introduction (https://www.srtr.org) 1 What does the liver do? STORAGE METABOLIC DETOXIFICATION SYNTHETIC
More informationC 肝職業暴露後之處置 衛福部疾病管制署 中區傳染病防治醫療網 王任賢指揮官
C 肝職業暴露後之處置 衛福部疾病管制署 中區傳染病防治醫療網 王任賢指揮官 HCV:Structure and Classification Unclassified virus, Member of the flavivirus family (other members yellow fever and dengue) Enveloped single stranded RNA virus Humans
More informationHepatitis A, B, C Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C For Internal Use Only. Not For Use With The Public.
Hepatitis A, B, C Hepatitis is a general term referring to inflammation of the liver. The usual cause is viral, either Hepatitis A, B, or C. However, toxins and drugs may also induce a hepatitis. The onset
More informationW-F Professional Associates, Inc. 400 Lake Cook Rd., Suite 207 Deerfield, IL
W-F Professional Associates, Inc. 400 Lake Cook Rd., Suite 207 Deerfield, IL 60015 847-945-8050 Feb 2010 Pharmacy Considerations: Hepatitis 707-000-10-002-H03-P 32nd Year HAVE YOU RECEIVED YOUR 2009 CE
More informationHEPATITIS VIRUSES ACUTE HEPATITIS: HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D HEPATITIS E HEPATITIS G
HEPATITIS VIRUSES ACUTE HEPATITIS: HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D HEPATITIS E HEPATITIS G Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives Infectious A E Enterically transmitted Viral hepatitis
More informationHepatitis C. Living with a Silent, Chronic Disease
Hepatitis C Living with a Silent, Chronic Disease Is Hepatitis C Like Other Kinds of Hepatitis? Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis can be caused by many things, such as alcohol or certain
More informationRama Nada. - Malik
- 2 - Rama Nada - - Malik 1 P a g e We talked about HAV in the previous lecture, now we ll continue the remaining types.. Hepatitis E It s similar to virus that infect swine, so its most likely infect
More informationClinical Presentation of Viral Hepatitis 1-The symptoms of acute viral hepatitis caused by HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV are similar (3).
5 th Year Therapeutics 2015 Viral Hepatitis Introduction 1-There are five types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV). These types may present as either acute or
More informationSchool Nursing and Health. Standard Precautions. (aka Universal Precautions)
School Nursing and Health Standard Precautions (aka Universal Precautions) August 2016 1 Standard Precautions Occupational Safety and Health Administration Federal Law 29 CFR bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(g)(2)(i)
More informationContents: 7. Transmission 8. Prevention 9. Testing 10. Living with Hepatitis C 11. Treatments 12. Co-infection 13. Support
Contents: 1. Definitions 2. Facts and Figures 3. History 4. The Liver 5. Progression 6. Symptoms 7. Transmission 8. Prevention 9. Testing 10. Living with Hepatitis C 11. Treatments 12. Co-infection 13.
More informationHepatitis : A Visual Guide to Hepatitis
Hepatitis : A Visual Guide to Hepatitis What Is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It may be caused by drugs, alcohol use, or certain medical conditions. But in most cases, it's caused
More informationHepatitis B and Hepatitis B Vaccine
Hepatitis B and Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases Note to presenters: Images of vaccine-preventable diseases are available from the Immunization Action Coalition website at http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/index.asp
More informationHepatitis B. What is hepatitis B? How is HBV spread?
2015 Hepatitis B Hepatitis B What is hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a liver condition caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can be chronic, in which case it can lead to liver failure, liver cancer, or
More informationADDRESSING VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PEOPLE WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: A THREE (3) PART SERIES
ADDRESSING VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PEOPLE WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: A THREE (3) PART SERIES David Njabulo Whiters, PhD, MSW, NCAC II Consultant, Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center Setting
More informationHepatitis C SYMPTOMS COMPLICATIONS
Hepatitis C Hepatitis simply means "inflammation of the liver". Hepatitis C is a virus that was isolated in 1989. Since then, a tremendous amount has been learned about the virus. SYMPTOMS Hepatitis C
More informationHepatitis B. Pathology Research Report By: Hannah Matthews Spring Abstract
Hepatitis B Pathology Research Report By: Hannah Matthews Spring 2016 Abstract The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious virus that causes inflammation and infection of the liver. This injury to the
More informationWelcome to the Hepatitis C Education Class
Welcome to the Hepatitis C Education Class Topics of the Class Your liver Types of hepatitis How hepatitis C is spread How to protect your liver Treatment for hepatitis C What is the Liver? Makes chemicals
More informationSECTION 1: ABOUT HEPATITIS
SECTION 1: ABOUT HEPATITIS Hepa33s means swollen liver Many things can cause your liver to become swollen, including drinking a lot of alcohol; taking certain medica3ons or herbs; inhaling toxic fumes;
More informationTRANSMISSION OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS: HIV,HBV,HCV. Dr Daniel Kimani HIV Prevention Medical Transmission CDC, Kenya.
TRANSMISSION OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS: HIV,HBV,HCV Dr Daniel Kimani HIV Prevention Medical Transmission CDC, Kenya. Nevada Hepatitis C Outbreak Tied to Las Vegas Clinic. Thousands Now At Risk for Hepatitis,
More informationChapters 21-26: Selected Viral Pathogens
Chapters 21-26: Selected Viral Pathogens 1. DNA Viral Pathogens 2. RNA Viral Pathogens 1. DNA Viral Pathogens Smallpox (pp. 623-4) Caused by variola virus (dsdna, enveloped): portal of entry is the respiratory
More informationkeyword: hepatitis Hepatitis
www.bpac.org.nz keyword: hepatitis Hepatitis Key reviewers: Dr Susan Taylor, Microbiologist, Diagnostic Medlab, Auckland Dr Tim Blackmore, Infectious Diseases Physician and Microbiologist, Wellington Hospital,
More informationInfection/Disease Control HEPATITIS CONTROL PROGRAM
OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 153-29 Florida State Hospital Chattahoochee, Florida July 8, 2009 Infection/Disease Control HEPATITIS CONTROL PROGRAM 1. Purpose: To establish consistent surveillance, reporting,
More informationBiology 3201 Unit 2 Reproduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STD s/sti s)
Biology 3201 Unit 2 Reproduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STD s/sti s) STI s once called venereal diseases More than 20 STIs have now been identified most prevalent among teenagers and young adults.
More informationHepatitis A and Hepatitis E
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Luis S. Marsano, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition University of Louisville and Louisville VAMC 2011 Viruses that cause Hepatitis
More informationHepatitis B and C Basics
Hepatitis B and C Basics What is the liver? The liver is the largest internal organ that performs many important functions. Stores nutrients and vitamins Fights infection Stores energy Removes harmful
More informationHepatitis B Virus. Taylor Page PharmD Candidate 2019 February 1, 2019
Hepatitis B Virus Taylor Page PharmD Candidate 2019 February 1, 2019 Epidemiology 3218 cases of acute HBV reported in 2016 847,000 non-institutionalized persons living with chronic HBV in 2011-2012 Viral
More informationS401- Updates in the Treatments of Hepatitis B & C
S401- Updates in the Treatments of Hepatitis B & C Ruben Gonzalez-Vallina, MD Director of Gastroenterology Outpatient Initiatives Miami Children s Hospital Miami, Florida Disclosure of Relevant Relationship
More informationSEA-CD-231. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Viral Hepatitis
SEA-CD-231 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Viral Hepatitis World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications
More informationHepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Clinical Practice Guidelines Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) OBJECTIVE The purpose is to guide the appropriate diagnosis and management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). GUIDELINE These are only guidelines, and are
More informationWhat You Must Know about Hepatitis C. Facts, Symptoms, Treatment and Cures
What You Must Know about Hepatitis C Facts, Symptoms, Treatment and Cures Hepatitis C can be life threatening. Today the hepatitis C virus kills more Americans than HIV. And it has become alarmingly widespread,
More informationHepatitis B: A Preventable Cause of Liver Cancer. Saira Khaderi MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Surgery Associate Director, Project ECHO June 17, 2016
Hepatitis B: A Preventable Cause of Liver Cancer Saira Khaderi MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Surgery Associate Director, Project ECHO June 17, 2016 Overview Epidemiology HBV and cancer Screening, Diagnosis
More information