Le migliori strategie immunosoppressive per il paziente con re-trapianto Prof. Maurizio Salvadori FIRENZE
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1 Le migliori strategie immunosoppressive per il paziente con re-trapianto Prof. Maurizio Salvadori FIRENZE
2 Best Therapy for Kidney Re- Transplantation? PREVENTION!!!!
3 Registries CTS OPTN UNOS USRDS SRTR Canadian Registry Guidelines UK Guidelines Kdigo Canadian Guidelines Reviews Original papers DATA SOURCES
4 Main biases in affording the issue of best therapy in kidney retransplantation Few if any RCT Cohort studies are affected by several bias: Most are retrospective First transplant may be lost for different causes Re-transplants occur in different era with respect to first transplant Re-transplant patients may be affected by more comorbidities with respect to first transplant
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10 Rao PS, 2006
11 HR=1.66 HR=0.64 HR=0.42 Rao PS, 2006
12 First transplant Re-transplant Sellers MT, 2004
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17 Maintenance immunosuppression Most retransplant patients are given CNI ( TAC) + MPA TAC + MPA is given in the vast majority of sensitised patients Graft survival rate looks similar
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21 Induction therapy Non depletional antibodies are preferred to depletional treatment Survival rate looks similar with respect to no induction Only in sensitised patients (> 30%) induction therapy offers better outcomes
22 Univariate analysis of risk factors for graft survival in retransplant patients Variables p Variables p Recipient age Donor age Recipient sex Donor sex Donor reletionship <0.001 Blood group Primary renal disease HLA-A,B mismatches HLA-DR mismatches Time to first graft loss <0.001 Primary graft nephrectomy Ischaemia time Time to diuresis Primary immunosuppression <0.001 Total steroid dose (at 3 months) Number acute rejections Post-transplant hypertension Chronic allograft nephropathy Mean serum creatinine at 1 year Time to retransplantation El-Agroudy A, 2004
23 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for graft survival in retransplant patients Variable p Consanguinity Primary immunosuppression Time to first graft loss Mean serum creatinine at 1 year <0.001 El-Agroudy A, 2004
24 Characteristics of re-transplants and first transplant patients Re-Transplant First Transplant El-Agroudy A, 2004
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26 Abouljoud MS, 1995
27 Almond PS, 1991
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29 Arnol M, 2008
30 Risk factors for re-transplant survival 1 transplant survival < 1 year Time to re-transplant > 1 year Marginal donors PRA Primary Immunosuppression Induction therapy Nephrectomy
31 Messages from guidelines
32 Screening for potential living donor kidney transplant recipients for clinically relevant antibodies is important for ensuring optimal donor selection and graft survival UK Guidelines for kidney living donation, 2005
33 The technique used for the cross-match test should be sensitive and clinically relevant. Cross-match tests should be capable of distinguishing T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte populations and should discriminate between IgG and IgM antibodies. The use of a flow cytometric technique is recommended, particularly for sensitised patients and re-transplantation, as the conventional cytotoxic cross-match is not sufficiently sensitive UK Guidelines for kidney living donation, 2005
34 Patients with a previous transplant Assess patients with a previous graft loss carefully for: Malignancy Cardiovascular disease Increased immunological risk European Association of Urology, 2010
35 Reccomendation Pre-transplant work-up for patients with retransplantation or previous non-renal transplantation should focus on the immunological risk, including a thorough analysis for the presence of anti-hla antibodies European Association of Urology, 2010
36 64: 1 graft; 163: >1 graft 64: 1 graft; 163: >1 graft Noel C. 2009
37 Noel C. 2009
38 Re-transplants: 85% Gurk-Turner C, 2008
39 Gurk-Turner C, 2008
40 Ott U, 2008
41 Ott U, 2008
42 Barocci S, 2009
43 Soran A, 2000
44 Soran A, 2000
45 Opelz G, 1976
46 Opelz G, 1976
47 Human leukocyte antigen matching has been de-emphasized in the allocation of renal allografts and further discounting is planned in the United Network of Organ Sharing kidney allocation model. An unforeseen consequence of poorer matching could be increased sensitization for candidates pursuing retransplantation Transplantation, 2009
48 Meier-Kriesche HU, 2009
49 Meier-Kriesche HU, 2009
50 Dawson KL, 2011
51 Scornik JC, 2011
52 Scornik JC, 2011
53 House AA, 2007
54 House AA, 2007
55 House AA, 2007
56 Donor-directed antibodies detected by solid phase assays (even those that are weak ) present an unacceptable risk factor to the patient
57 TOSCANA I pazienti al 2 Trapianto o successivi potranno utilizzare donatori con mismatch comuni a condizione che i loro sieri, anche storici, non abbiano mai presentato positività della PRA. In questi casi il Centro Trapianti interessato, opportunamente informato dal Laboratorio di Istocompatibilità, potrà decidere se procedere o meno al trapianto. CNT documento finale allocazione reni 19 agosto 2011
58 DDA after early transplantectomy appeared frequently but later than expected. In view of the growing number of marginal donors and the possible necessity of retransplantation, it is considered important to prolong the time of serum sampling and screening to at least 4 months. Immunization might escape attention when serum screening is restarted only from the time the patient is again referred to the waiting list.
59 Lenaers J, 2006
60 Lorenz M, 2004
61 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
62 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
63 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
64 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
65 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
66 Willicombe AJT, 2011
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74 New Therapies Eculizumab Proteosome Inhibitors
75 Jordan SC, 2006
76 Jordan SC, 2006
77 Jordan SC, 2006
78 Mai, Transplantation, 2009
79 Mai ML, 227
80 54% Retransplants
81 54% Retransplants Vo AA, 2010
82 Vo AA, 2010
83 27/34 retransplants Morath C, 2010
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86 Morath C, 2010
87 First Tx Retransplant Induction* 10 (37%) 20 (74.1%) IL-2R 3 (11.1%) 13 (48.1%) Thymo 0 (0%) 5 (18.5%) OKT3 2 (7.4%) 0 (0%) ATG 5 (18.5%) 0 (0%) Multi 0 (0%) 2 (7.4%) Maintenance CsA 22 (81.5%) 9 (33%) TAC 2 (7.4%) 17 (63%) Other 3 (11.1%) 1 (3.7%) No patient initially induced with a T-cell-depleting antibody underwent induction with a T-cell-depleting antibody at retransplant Johnson SR 2006
88 Ramos E, Transplantation 2004
89 After a mean follow-up of 34.6 months all patients Were found to have good graft function with a mean creatinine of 1.5 mg/dl. It can be concluded that patients with graft loss caused by BKAN can safely undergo retransplantation Ramos E, Transplantation 2004
90 Canadian guidelines, 2005
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93 Predictors of after re-transplant BK virus replication Factors Viremia clearance n (%) Transplant nephrectomy n (%) BKV replication (n=11) No BKV replication (n=20) 6 (55) 20 (100) < (27) 10 (50) 0.3 Pre-emptive n (%) 5 (45) 5 (25) 0.4 Induction use n (%) 9 (81) 17 (85) 0.9 Maintenance immunosuppression (triple) 5 (45) 12 (60) 0.5 p
94 126 Re-Tx ( )
95 Back up slides
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97 Meier-Kriesche HU, 2009
98 Scemla A, 2010
99 Scemla A, 2010
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101 Canadian guidelines, 2005
102 El-Agroudy A, 2004
103 Meier-Kriesche HU, 2009
104 Dawson KL, 2011
105 House AA, 2007
106 70 Colonna CsA Only CsA + AZA CsA + AZA + STE CsA + STE AZA + STE CsA Only CsA + AZA CsA + AZA + STE CsA + STE AZA + STE
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109 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
110 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
111 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
112 Lefaucheur JASN 2010
113 Anglicheau D, Am J Transpl, 2007
114 27/34 retransplants Morath C, 2010
115 Morath C, 2010
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