THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 262, No. 26, Issue of September 15, pp , 1987 Printed in U.S.A.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 262, No. 26, Issue of September 15, pp , 1987 Printed in U.S.A."

Transcription

1 THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 262, No. 26, Issue of September 15, pp , 1987 Printed in U.S.A. Regulation of Biosyntesis of Hypusine in Cinese Hamster Ovary Cells EVIDENCE FOR eif-4d PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDES* (Received for publication, December 18, 1986) Myung Hee Park From te National Institutes of Healt, National Institute of Dental Researc, Laboratory of Oral Biology arzd Pysiology, Betesda, Maryland Te effects of spermidine depletion and te effects translational modification, step 1; 3) post-translational modof translation inibition on ypusine biosyntesis were ification, step 2. studied in Cinese amster ovary cells. Upon depletion Te rate of ypusine formation parallels te increase in of cellular spermidine by treatment wit DL-a-difluo- protein syntesis in mitogen-treated uman periperal lymrometylornitine for 42 or longer, bot te rate of pocytes (5) and correlates in general wit te rate of cellular deoxyypusine ypusine syntesis and te content proliferation in various mammalian cells (6-8). Te overall of protein-bound ypusine were significantly reduced. regulation of ypusine biosyntesis, altoug not clearly Cycloeximide caused complete inibition of deoxy- understood, may depend upon te rate of syntesis of eif-4d ypusine ypusine syntesis in untreated cells and in cells in wic te spermidine level was reduced to approximately 10% tat of te untreated cells by in- precursor I (Sceme l), te concentration of tis precursor, te level of intracellular spermidine, and/or te activities of te enzymes involved. cubation wit DL-a-difluorometylornitine for 24. Te level of spermidine in mammalian cells can be manip- In contrast, te initial syntesis of deoxyypusine ulated by te use of (9), wic is an irreversible ypusine was not arrested by cycloeximide in cells inibitor of ornitine decarboxylase, a regulatory enzyme in depleted of spermidine by treatment wit DL-a-difluo- te biosyntesis of polyamines (10). Te dependence of te rometylornitine for 42. Te initial rate of deoxy- rate of ypusine syntesis on spermidine concentration as ypusine ypusine production in tese spermidine- been reported in -treated rat epatoma (HTC) cells (8, depleted cells increased 5- to 10-fold wen te cellular 11). Furtermore, te presence of a pool of unmodified eifspermidine level was restored troug addition of tis 4D precursor in tese cells was postulated on te basis of an polyamine to te culture medium. Tese findings sug- immediate increase in te rate of ypusine syntesis following gest tat in control Cinese amster ovary cells and in restoration of cellular spermidine (8). A similar eif-4d precells containing -10% of te control level of spermicursor was also proposed to be present in resting uman dine, deoxyypusine ypusine syntesis occurs durperiperal lympocytes (5). However, no definitive evidence ing or immediately after eukaryotic initiation factor in support of tese proposals as tus far been provided. 4D precursor translation. However, in cells during Te present study was undertaken to gain insigt into te depletion of spermidine, tere is an accumulation of an overall regulation of tis post-translational modification in eukaryotic initiation factor 4D precursor tat contains -treated and untreated CHO cells. Te experiments no ypusine or deoxyypusine, and in tese cells deoxyypusine ypusine syntesis is mainly regulated by described ere provide evidence tat te initial step of postte cellular level of spermidine. translational modification in untreated cells occurs immediately following te translation of eif-4d mrna, wereas in Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4D (eif-4d) is te only cellular protein tus far known to contain te unusual amino acid ypusine (N -(4-amino-2-ydroxybutyl)lysine) (1). Te biosyntesis of ypusine occurs by a novel posttranslational event in wic te 4-aminobutyl moiety of te polyamine spermidine is transferred to te eamino group of a specific lysine residue of an eif-4d precursor to form deoxyypusine and in wic te deoxyypusine residue of tis polypeptide is subsequently ydroxylated (2-4). Tus te biogenesis of eif-4d may be divided into tree stages as sown in Sceme 1: 1) Translation of eif-4d mrna; 2) post- * Te costs of publication of tis article were defrayed in part by te payment of page carges. Tis article must terefore be ereby marked advertisement in accordance wit 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate tis fact. Te abbreviations used are: eif-4d, eukaryotic initiation factor 4D; CHO, Cinese amster ovary;, DL-a-difluorometylornitine; HTC, epatoma tissue culture spermidine-deprived cells, te post-translational modification (step 1 in Sceme 1) is repressed and eif-4d precursor I, wic contains no ypusine or deoxyypusine, accumulates. In tese cells, wic contain a pool of eif-4d precursor I, spermidine appears to be te major factor governing te rate of deoxyypusine ypusine biosyntesis troug control of modification step 1 in Sceme 1. Recently Duncan and Hersey (12) proposed a coupled translation/ypusine modification of eif-4d in HeLa cells. Our observations in CHO cells provide new information on te relationsips between te translation and te two steps of post-translational modification and tus contribute a furter understanding of te regulation of ypusine syntesis. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES CHO cells WTB were kindly supplied by Dr. April R. Robbins (National Institutes of Healt). was a gift from Merrel Dow Researc Center. [terminal metylene-h]sperrnidine.3 HCI (-25 Ci/mmol) was purcased from DuPont-New England Nuclear; cycloeximide from Sigma. Oter materials, reagents, and te general procedures for cell culture, radiolabeling, and ion excange croma-

2 Regulation of Hypusine Biosyntesis Modification Modification eif-4d Tmnslation elf-4d Step 1 ef4d Step 2 df4d mrna Precursor I Precursor II tograpy ave been described in previous publications (2-4, 13). Specific details of eac experiment are given in te Figure and Table legends. RESULTS Te data presented in Fig. 1 sow tat te depletion of cellular spermidine by treatment wit causes a reduction in te content of protein-bound ypusine. Wen CHO cells were treated wit a 4 mm level of, cellular putrescine dropped to below a detectable level witin 24. Spermidine was reduced to about 10% of tat of untreated cells at 24 and was not detectable after 48 of treatment wit (Table I). Te content of protein-bound ypusine was lowered by -20% after 24 but dropped to approximately 30% of te value of untreated cells between 48 and 72 of treatment (Fig. 1). Tis reduction in protein-bound ypusine may result from decreased ypusine syntesis, from increased degradation of eif-4d, or from canges of bot. To date, te effect of polyamine depletion on te turnover of eif-4d as not been precisely determined. However, te marked repres- (Deoxyypusine Form) (Lysine Form) Form) (Hypusine SCHEME 1 * untreated sion of te post-translational modification upon spermidine depletion as sown in Fig. 2C suggests tat decreased syntesis may be mainly responsible for te reduction in proteinbound ypusine. Te reduction of ypusine was not as pronounced as tat of spermidine in tese -treated cells, presumably because only a minute portion of te total cellular spermidine is used for ypusine production and because te alf-life of eif-4d is relatively long (8). Te relationsips between cellular spermidine levels and te initial rates of modification (step 1 in Sceme 1) were assessed in untreated cells and in tose treated wit (Fig. 2). In newly modified protein, tat wic contains radioactivity provided troug a structural contribution from [3H]spermidine, te transient intermediate ['Hldeoxyypusine was seen in addition to ['Hlypusine. Parentetically, in te digest of total cellular proteins, only ypusine was detected wit te use of te fluorometric metod (Fig. l). Tis is te case because te quantity of te transient intermediate deoxyypusine is very small (0.1-5 pmol/mg protein) compared to total ypusine ( nmol/mg protein). Te relative amounts of [3H]ypusine and ['H]deoxyypusine in newly modified protein varied in untreated and treated cells (Table 11). Te percentages of [3H]deoxyypusine in [3H]deoxyypusine ['Hlypusine at after addition of [3H]spermidine were -14.5% in untreated cells (Table 11, part A), -4% in cells pretreated wit for 42 % I TIME (l FIG. 1. Te total content of protein-bound ypusine in un- treated (0) and -treated (A) CHO cells. Cells were plated and treated as described in te legend to Table I. Tricloroacetic acid precipitates of cells from dises were ydrolyzed in 6 N HCl, and ypusine in te digests was partially purified by ion excange cromatograpy on Bio-Rex 70 as previously described (4). Hypusine content in te partially purified fraction was determined by ion excange cromatograpy and fluorometric detection described as (4, 13). TABLE I Polyamine content of untreated and -treated CHO cells Cells were plated in 100-mm dises at approximately 1 X lo6 cells/ dis in te a-modification of Eagle's medium supplemented as described (3). After l day, (4 mm) was added. At 24, 48, and 72 after addition, cells were wased and arvested as described (3). To te pellet of cells from one dis, 0.2 ml of 5% tricloroacetic acid was added. Te polyamines in 0.1 ml of te acid supernatant were measured wit te use of fluorometric detection after teir ion excange cromatograpic separation employing te tree-buffer system described earlier (13). Cell treatment Incubation time Untreated 0 Untreated 24 Untreated 48 Untreated Putrescine Spermidine Spermine nmollmg protein t <O.l co <o. 1 < A B C D DFMoUr*SPD HOURS MER *DOITION OF ['HI SPERMIDINE FIG. 2. Te rate of deoxyypusine ypusine syntesis in untreated and -treated CHO cells. Cells were preincubated in te absence of for 42 (A) and in te presence of 4 mm for 24 (B) and 42 (C). At te end of te preincubation period, [3H]spermidine(5 pci/ml, -0.2 p was ) added togeter wit (A) or witout (0) cycloeximide (100 pg/ml). To tose cells pretreated wit for 42, additions of ['Hlspermidine and unlabeled spermidine (2.5 p were ) also made togeter wit (A) or witout (0) cycloeximide (D). Te intracellular polyamine content, te polyamine specific radioactivities, and te protein-bound radioactivities in ypusine and deoxyypusine were measured. Te levels of newly formed deoxyypusine ypusine were estimated on te assumption tat te specific radioactivities of tese amino acids are directly related to tat of cellular spermidine. Te specific radioactiv- ity of intracellular spermidine canges continuously after addition of ['Hlspermidine. In te following calculation te spermidine-specific radioactivities employed were tose measured at te middle of te incubation periods. Te values for newly formed protein-bound deoxyypusine ypusine were estimated wit te use of te following expression: Newly formed protein-bound deoxyypusine ypusine (pmol/mg protein) = cpm (deoxyypusine ypusine)/(% X SRA X P), were SRA is spermidine specific radioactivity (cpm/pmol) and P is protein content (mg). Te factor % is used because only one of te two labeled metylenes from spermidine is incorporated into ypusine (2, 24). Te abbreviations used are: CH, cycloeximide; SPD, spermidine.

3 Regulation Biosyntesis of Hypusine TABLE I1 Distribution of deox.v,vpusine and ypusine Cells were treated as described in te legend to Fig. 2, A-D. Te quantity of newly formed deoxy-ypusine and -ypusine were estimated as described in te legend of Fig. 2 after ion excange cromatograpic separation of tese amino acids. In parenteses are given te percentages of eac of te two components in newly formed deoxy?rpusine ypusine C a- 7 Incuation Cell treatment,,musine Hvpusine.ypusine vpusine.. time - A. Untreated R. 24 C. 42 D. 42 SPD Deoxv- Deoxv- prnol/rne protein 0.22 (14.5) 0.38 (6.0) 0.23 (20.9) 0.42 (8.0) 0.05 (4.0) 0.06 (3.0) 5.25 (70.0) 5.20 (34.7) - (06) (85.5) 6.0 (94.0) 0.87 (79.1) 4.80 (92.0) 1.2 (96.0) 2.0 (97.0) 2.25 (30.0) 9.80 (65.3) Untreated D 31 E DF MO Cycloeximide F mrh]leucine (Table 11, part C), a n d -70% in cells initially depleted of I\rH]Hypusine IrHjDeoxyypusine and ten restored wit spermidine (Table 11, part D ). T e percentages of ["Hldeoxyypusine decreased wit incubation time and were lower tan 5 5 after 24 (not sown) in all cases. In spite of te inerent tecnical limitations involved in te accurate determination of ypusine and deoxyypusine from radioactivity measurements as described in te legend 2, teestimatedratesinuntreatedexponent.ially offig. growing CHO cells are in fair agreement wit tose values (1-2 pmol/mg protein/) previously reported for CHO cells UNTREATED CYCLOHEXIMIDE and HTC cells (6, 8). Te rate of deoxyypusine ypusine FIG. 3. Comparison of radiolabelingof eif-4d fromunsyntesis declined only sligtly after 24 of treatment treated and -treated CHO cells. Untreated cells were in(compare A and R in Fig. 2, O ).Tus, it appears tat tereis cubated wit [.'H]leucine (20 pci/ml) and ["Hlspermidine (5 pci/ml) no significant inibition of eiter te translation of eif-4d in medium containing approximately5%of te normal level of leucine mrna or te modification of eif-4d precursor I (Sceme 1) for 2 ( A and 11). Cells pretreated wit for42 were incubated under te same conditions,except tat unlabeled spermiuptotispoint.markeddepression of deoxyypusine ) added togeterwit [:'H]leucineand ["Hlspermidine ypusine formation was found to occur after 42 at te time dine (2.5 p was wen cellular spermidine was depleted (compare A and C in ( R and E ). -pretreated cells were also incubated under tese in te presence of cycloeximide (100 pg/ml) ( C and F ). Fig. 2, 0 ).Tis reduction in modification step 1 (Sceme 1) conditions Wole cell proteins (-200 p g ) were analyzed by two-dimensional is probablyresponsiblefortedecreaseinprotein-bound polyacrylamide gel electroporesis (23). Radiofluorograms of portions -ypusine (Fig. 1 ) and te accumulationof eif-4d precursor I of te gels surrounding te area occupied by eif-4d are sown. Te position of elf-4d is denoted by te solid arrou's. Te portionsof te (Figs. 2 and 3 ) in -treated cells. Inibition of translation by cycloeximide caused te com- gels occupied by eif-4d in A-C were excised, te protein in eac gel plete arrestof new syntesis of deoxyypusine ypusine in piece was ydrolyzed in acid, and te amounts of radioactivity in leucine and deoxyypusine ypusine were measured (11-F)after untreated CHO cells (Fig.2 A, A),and also in cells pretreated ion excange cromatograpic separation. wit for24 (Fig. 2R,A).Tis effect by cycloeximide was seen in cells from te early to telate exponential stage dine content (, 24 ), cells virtually depleted of sperof growt irrespectiveof cell densities (not sown). Te failure midine(,42)sowedessentiallynoinibition of of untreated cells and cells wit reduced spermidine content production of deoxyypusine ypusine by cycloeximide ( 24 ) to form ypusine in te presence of cycloeximide probably results from te lackof substrate protein eif- (Fig. 2C, A). Wereas te addition of exogenous spermidine 4D precursor I (Sceme l),rater tan from inibitionof t e (2.5 P M ) did not cause canges in te rate of deoxyypusine ypusine syntesis in control cells (not sown), replenisenzymes involved. Certainly, te enzymes involved in ypusine production are functional in te presence of cycloexi- ment of tis polyamine to te control level in spermidinemide (Fig. 2, C and D, A).Tus te indication of te lack of depleted cells (, 42 ) by additionof 2.5 P M unlabeled spermidine (8) togeter wit ["Hlspermidine, caused a 5- to eif-4dprecursor I accumulation supports te notion tat eif-4d precursor I undergoes post-translational modificat.ion 10-fold elevation of te initial rate of syntesis of deoxyypusine ypusine(compare C and D in Fig. 2, 0 ). T e during or immediately following translation in control cells finding of no apparent inibition by cycloeximide at and even in cells wit reduced spermidine content (, 24 ). Furtermore, te complete arrest of radiolabeling of (Fig. 2 0, A) is probably due to te small amount of eif-4d eif-4d by cycloeximide (Fig. 2, A and R, A) suggests tat precursor I newly translated during tis period compared to ypusine is produced only de nouo in eif-4d precursori and wat may be a pre-existing pool of precursor 1. Te partial tat tere is no patway for excange or turnover of te 4- inibition seen at 5 (Fig. 211, uertical broken arrow) is likely amino-2-ydroxybutyl moiety in te ypusine residue of eif- teresult of arrest of eif-4dprecursoritranslationby cycloeximide over te incubation period of 5. Certainly, 4D. In contrast to control cells and cells wit. reduced spermi- te cycloeximide resistant labeling of deoxyypusine y-

4 pusine substantiates te existence of a pool of eif-4d precursor I in te spermidine-depleted cells. Evidently, te accumulation of tis precursor occurred wen te rate of modification (step 1 in Sceme 1) dropped below tat of te translation of eif-4d mrna as a result of reduction of cellular spermidine from -10% (, 24 ) to an undetectable level (, 42 ). Te extent of eif-4d precursor I accumulation during te period between 24 and 42 of treatment may be estimated as approximately 9 pmol/mg of protein from te maximum value of cycloeximide-resistant syntesis of deoxyypusine ypusine (Fig. 2D, vertical solid arrow). Additional evidence for accumulation of eif-4d precursor I in spermidine-deprived cells was provided by direct comparison of labeling of [3H]deoxyypusine [3H]ypusine and ['HH]leucine in eif-4d from untreated CHO cells wit tat from cells pretreated wit for 42. Labeling was carried out for 2 wit 3H-labeled spermidine and 3H-labeled leucine (Fig. 3). Cold spermidine (2.5 p was ) added to cells pretreated wit (42 ) togeter wit te two radiolabeled compounds in order to maintain te specific radioactivity of te spermidine pool of tese cells comparable to tat of control cells. Bot [3H]deoxyypusine and [3H]ypusine were found in te spots indicated by te solid arrows in essentially te same ratios as given in Table I1 (A and D). Te comparison of D and E in Fig. 3 reveals tat te post-translational modification represented by radiolabeling in [3H]deoxyypusine ['Hlypusine was -10 fold greater in cells pretreated wit (42 ) tan in control cells, wile te rates of syntesis of eif-4d precursor I represented by ['Hlleucine incorporation were similar. Furtermore, cycloeximide wic caused te complete inibition of [3H]leucine incorporation into eif-4d, did not block te post-translational formation of [3H]deoxyypusine [3H]ypusine in cells pretreated wit for 42 (Fig. 3F). No radiolabeling of eif-4d was observed wen control cells were incubated wit Regulation Biosyntesis of Hypusine precursor I in spermidine-deficient cells, we ave tus far ["Hlspermidine and [3H]leucine in te presence of cycloexi- failed to detect eif-4d precursor I protein after separation of mide (not sown). Tus a rapid modification of a pool of eif- cellular proteins by two-dimensional gel electroporesis. Tis 4D precursor I accumulated during spermidine depletion must may be due to te small quantity of tis precursor, % ave occurred upon replenisment of tis polyamine in te of te total cellular protein, and te limited resolution of our absence (Fig. 3E) or presence (Fig. 3F) of cycloeximide. Te two-dimensional gels. Enricment of tis protein fraction and post-translational modification independent of new transla- use of specific antibodies may provide te means for direct tion seen in E and F of Fig. 3 is consistent wit te data given identification of tis precursor protein. in Fig. 20 and strongly supports te presence of a pool of Te pysiological significance of te decreases in te bioeif-4d precursor I in spermidine-depleted cells. syntesis and content of protein-bound ypusine, and of te DISCUSSION Te data presented in tis paper provide strong evidence tat te post-translational modification of eif-4d precursor I (step 1 in Sceme 1) normally occurs concomitant wit or immediately after translation of eif-4d mrna in control CHO cells and also in cells wit approximately one-tent of teir normal spermidine content (, 24 ). A coupled translation/ypusine modification as been proposed by Duncan and Hersey (12) on te basis of te effects of translation inibition in HeLa cells on te incorporation of radioactivity from ["Hlspermidine into eif-4d. However, we ave detected te accumulation of a small amount of deoxyypusine-containing eif-4d precursor I1 in control CHO cells and in cells wit reduced spermidine content (A and B, respectively, in Table 11). Tus it appears tat altoug deoxyypusine syntesis is coupled to translation, immediate ydroxylation may not occur following te initial step of modification. Furtermore, we ave found conditions under wic te translation and te post-translational modification step 1 (Sceme 1) can be uncoupled. Our data suggest tat in cells wic are virtually depleted of spermidine, deoxyypusine syntesis is no longer coupled to translation, te eif-4d precursor I tat contains no deoxyypusine or ypusine accumulates and, upon replenisment wit spermidine, rapid modification of preformed eif-4d precursor I can occur. It is obvious from te data in Fig. 2 tat te rate of modification (step 1 in Sceme 1) is significantly reduced wen spermidine is depleted. Weter cellular polyamines regulate te translation of eif-4d mrna and its gene expression is not known. However, it may be concluded tat te accumulation of eif-4d precursor I can result from te differential effects of spermidine depletion on te translation and te modification (step 1 in Sceme 1). In te cells containing a pool of eif-4d precursor I (42 preincubation wit, C and D in Fig. 2) spermidine appears to be te major factor determining te rate of deoxyypusine ypusine formation (modification step I in Sceme 1). Te spermidine concentration dependence of ypusine syntesis in rat epatoma cells was previously reported by Gerner et al. (8). It is not clear at present weter te effect of cellular spermidine is exerted at te level of substrate concentration or at te level of activities of te enzymes involved or bot. It is obvious from te data of Table I1 tat bot radiolabeled deoxyypusine and ypusine are detected in te early times after addition of [3H]spermidine. Altoug te quantity of deoxyypusine is small compared to te total protein-bound ypusine (Table I1 and Fig. I), te levels of deoxyypusine in newly modified protein are iger in te cells wit te iger initial rates of modification (step I, Sceme 1). Tis increased accumulation of unydroxylated amino acid may result from a relatively stable rate of ydroxylation irrespective of te large increase in initial syntesis of deoxyypusine. Alternatively, deoxyypusine ydroxylation may also be regulated by te level of cellular polyamines and in an independent manner. Tis possible regulation is currently being investigated. In spite of te strong evidence for accumulation of eif-4d accumulation of eif-4d precursor I in -treated cells is not known. Depletion of putrescine and spermidine by leads to depression of total cell protein syntesis in HTC cells (14) and in mitogen-activated lympocytes (15) and causes te inibition of growt in various mammalian cells (16-19). However, te mecanism by wic polyamines contribute to te regulation of cellular proliferation is not clearly under- stood. In cells treated wit, or in mutant cells defective in polyamine syntesis, te marked inibition of replication is delayed by 1 to 3 generations after te depletion of putrescine and spermidine (16, 18, 20, 21). On tis ground it was speculated tat te inibition of proliferation may not be a direct consequence of polyamine depletion, but rater tat polyamines may participate in te biogenesis of some cellular component(s) tat is required in te replication (18). Since neiter te function of eif-4d in eukaryotic protein syntesis (22) nor te role of ypusine in tis factor as been elucidated, it is as yet premature to attribute inibition of cellular proliferation to a decrease in ypusine. In a recent report, Duncan and Hersey (12) suggest tat canges in eif-4d ypusine modification or abundance are not correlated wit translation repression in HeLa cells by serum depletion, eat sock, or

5 12734 Regulation Biosyntesis of Hypusine ypertonic sock. Altoug normally, eif-4d precursor is largely modified to contain ypusine, our results sow tat te modification (step 1, Sceme 1) is regulated in treated cells were cellular spermidine is drastically reduced. In tis system, te modification may play a critical role in te modulation of protein syntesis and cellular proliferation. Te isolation of eif-4d precursor I from spermidine-deficient cells would provide te first step towards an understanding of te role of ypusine. Possession of tis unmodified protein is certainly essential for in vitro studies of te mecanism of biosyntesis of deoxyypusine and ypusine and its regulation. Acknowledgments-I am grateful to Dr. J. E. Folk for is advice and encouragement trougout tis work; I also tank Dr. H. L. Cooper for te two-dimensional gel electroporetic separations. Addendum-Since te submission of tis paper, we ave obtained more direct evidence for accumulation of eif-4d precursor I in spermidine-depleted CHO cells. Wen tese cells ( for 42 ) were incubated for 6 in te presence of [3H]lysine, no labeled eif- 4D (ypusine form, M, -18,000; PI -5.3) was detected by ig resolution two-dimensional gel electroporesis. Instead, a new radiolabeled cellular protein (M,-18,000; PI -5.1) wic migrated at a position predicted for eif-4d precursor I was seen. Peptide mapping studies are underway in an effort to confirm te identity of tis protein as eif-4d precursor I. REFERENCES 1. Cooper, H. L., Park, M. H., Folk, J. E., Safer, B., and Braverman, R. (1983) Poc. Natl. Acu. Sci. U. S. A. 80, Park, M.H., Cooper, H. L., and Folk, J.E. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, Park, M. H., Cooper, H. L., and Folk, J. E. (1982) J. Biol. Cem. 257,721? Park, M. H., Liberato, D. J., Yergey, A. L., and Folk, J. E. (1984) J. Biol. Cem. 259, Cooper, H. L., Park, M. H., and Folk, J. E. (1982) Cell 29, Torrelio, B. M., Paz, M. A., and Gallop, P. M. (1984) Erp. Cell Res. 154, Cen, K. Y. (1983) Biocin. Biopys. Acta 756, Gerner, E. W., Mamont, P. S., Bernerdt, A,, and Sat, M. (1986) Biocem. J. 239, Metcalf, B. W., Bey, P., Danzin, C., Jung, M. J., Casara, P., and Vevert, J. P. (1978) J. Am. Cem. SOC. 100, Tabor, C.W., and Tabor, H. (1984) Annu. Reo. Biocem. 53, Gerner, E. W., and Mamont, P. S. (1985) Recent Progress in Polyamine Researc (Selmelci, L., Brosnan, M. E., and Seiler, N., eds) pp , Akademiai Kiado, Budapest 12. Duncan, R. F., and Hersey, J. W. B. (1986) J. Biol. Cem. 261, Folk, J. E., Park, M. H., Cung, S. I., Scrode, J., Lester, E. P., and Cooper, H. L. (1980) J. Biol. Cem. 255, Rudkin, B. B., Mamont, P. S., and Seiler, N. (1984) Biocem. J. 217, Holttii, E., and Hovi, T. (1985) Eur. J. Biocem. 152, Mamont, P. S., Ducesne, M-C., Grove, J., and Bey, P. (1978) Biocem. Biopys. Res. Commun. 81, Oredsson, S., Aneus, S., and Heby, 0. (1980) Biocem. Biopys. Res. Commun. 94, Holtta, E., Pojanpelto, P., and Janne, J. (1979) FEBS Lett. 97, Seyfried, C. E., and Morris, D. R. (1979) Cancer Res. 39, Steglic, C., and Sceffler, I. E. (1982) J. Biol. Cem. 257, Pojanpelto, P., Virtanen, I., and Holtta, E. (1981) Nature 293, Tomas, A. A. M., Benne, R., and Voorma, H. 0. (1981) FEBS Lett. 128, O Farrell, P. H. (1975) J. Biol. Cem. 250, Park, M. H., and Folk, J. E. (1986) J. Biol. Cem. 261,

Propensity score analysis with hierarchical data

Propensity score analysis with hierarchical data Section on Statistics in Epidemiology Propensity score analysis wit ierarcical data Fan Li, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Mary Bet Landrum Department of Healt Care Policy, Harvard Medical Scool 180 Longwood Avenue,

More information

Locomotor and feeding activity rhythms in a light-entrained diurnal rodent, Octodon degus

Locomotor and feeding activity rhythms in a light-entrained diurnal rodent, Octodon degus Locomotor and feeding activity rytms in a ligt-entrained diurnal rodent, Octodon degus R. GARCÍA-ALLEGUE, 1 P. LAX, 1 A. M. MADARIAGA, 2 AND J. A. MADRID 1 1 Department of Pysiology and Parmacology (Animal

More information

Each year is replete with occasions to give gifts. From

Each year is replete with occasions to give gifts. From Journal of Consumer Researc Advance Access publised December 29, 2016 Experiential Gifts Foster Stronger Social Relationsips tan Material Gifts CINDY CHAN CASSIE MOGILNER Eac year is replete wit occasions

More information

Individual differences in the fan effect and working memory capacity q

Individual differences in the fan effect and working memory capacity q Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2004) 604 622 Journal of Memory and Language www.elsevier.com/locate/jml Individual differences in te fan effect and working memory capacity q Micael F. Bunting a, *,

More information

Sickle Cell. Scientific Investigation

Sickle Cell. Scientific Investigation Scientific Investigation Red blood cells are oval and ave a biconcave sape, giving tem te appearance of an inner tube witout te ole. Teir sape gives tem flexibility as tey pass into small capillaries.

More information

Lothian Palliative Care Guidelines patient information

Lothian Palliative Care Guidelines patient information Lotian Palliative Care Guidelines patient information Q. How will I know if te morpine is not going to work for some of my pain? A. You may still ave pain despite taking bigger doses of morpine and may

More information

Citation Knight J, Andrade M (2018) Genes and chromosomes 4: common genetic conditions. Nursing Times [online]; 114: 10,

Citation Knight J, Andrade M (2018) Genes and chromosomes 4: common genetic conditions. Nursing Times [online]; 114: 10, Genetics Keywords Nondisjunction/Aneuploidy/ Trisomy/Autosomal/Recessive Tis article as been double-blind peer reviewed In tis article... Definitions of nondisjunction and aneuploidy Clinical features

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Orlyelle 0.02 mg/3 mg and 0.03 mg/3 mg film-coated tablets. (Ethinylestradiol/Drospirenone)

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Orlyelle 0.02 mg/3 mg and 0.03 mg/3 mg film-coated tablets. (Ethinylestradiol/Drospirenone) Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Orlyelle 0.02 mg/3 mg and 0.03 mg/3 mg film-coated tablets (Etinylestradiol/Drospirenone) NL/H/2890/001-002/DC Date: 18 June 2014 Tis module reflects te scientific

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Amoxiclav Aristo 500 mg/125 mg and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Amoxiclav Aristo 500 mg/125 mg and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion C Amoxiclav Aristo 500 mg/125 mg and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets (amoxicillin triydrate and potassium clavulanate) NL/H/3468/001-002/DC Date: 12 July

More information

Problem-solving Test: The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Problem-solving Test: The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Q 2009 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 58 62, 2009 Problem-based Learning Problem-solving Test: The Mechanism

More information

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: Tis is an autor produced version of Meta-analysis of absolute mean differences from randomised trials wit treatment-related clustering associated wit care providers. Wite Rose Researc Online URL for tis

More information

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Journal of Theoretical Biology Journal of Teoretical Biology 269 (2011) 131 137 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Teoretical Biology journal omepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Life istory and mating systems select

More information

Homophily and minority size explain perception biases in social networks

Homophily and minority size explain perception biases in social networks 3 5 6 7 8 9 3 5 Homopily and minority size explain perception biases in social networks Eun Lee,+,*, Fariba Karimi,3,+,*, Claudia Wagner,3, Hang-Hyun Jo,5,6, Markus Stromaier,7, and Mirta Galesic 8,9 Department

More information

avidity of ICAM- 1 and LFA- 1 would affect initiation and progression

avidity of ICAM- 1 and LFA- 1 would affect initiation and progression Suppressed Expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 and Abrogation of Leukocyte Collaboration after Exposure of Human Mononuclear Leukocytes to Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro Comparison wit Exposure to Influenza

More information

Derivation of Nutrient Prices from Household level Consumption Data: Methodology and Application*

Derivation of Nutrient Prices from Household level Consumption Data: Methodology and Application* Derivation of Nutrient Prices from Houseold level Consumption Data: Metodology and Application* by Dipankor Coondoo Economic Researc Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India dcoondoo@isical.ac.in

More information

EXPERTISE, UNDERUSE, AND OVERUSE IN HEALTHCARE * Amitabh Chandra Harvard and the NBER. Douglas O. Staiger Dartmouth and the NBER

EXPERTISE, UNDERUSE, AND OVERUSE IN HEALTHCARE * Amitabh Chandra Harvard and the NBER. Douglas O. Staiger Dartmouth and the NBER PRELIMINARY & INCOMPLETE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE EXPERTISE, UNDERUSE, AND OVERUSE IN HEALTHCARE * Amitab Candra Harvard and te NBER Douglas O. Staiger Dartmout and te NBER Version: Marc 27, 2011 Abstract

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Carbidopa/Levodopa Bristol 10 mg/100 mg, 12.5 mg/50 mg, 25 mg/100 mg and 25 mg/250 mg tablets

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Carbidopa/Levodopa Bristol 10 mg/100 mg, 12.5 mg/50 mg, 25 mg/100 mg and 25 mg/250 mg tablets Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Carbidopa/Levodopa Bristol 10 mg/100 mg, 12.5 mg/50 mg, 25 mg/100 mg and 25 mg/250 mg tablets (carbidopa/levodopa) NL/H/3044/001-004/DC Date: 25 February

More information

JANUARY 7, 2011 VOLUME 286 NUMBER 1 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 243

JANUARY 7, 2011 VOLUME 286 NUMBER 1 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 243 THE JURAL F BILGICAL CHEMISTRY VL. 286,. 1, pp. 243 251, January 7, 2011 2011 by Te American Society for Biocemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in te U.S.A. Analysis of Tree-dimensional Systems

More information

Galactose- 1 -phosphate Uridylyltransferase from Escherichia coli, a Zinc and Iron Metalloenzyme:

Galactose- 1 -phosphate Uridylyltransferase from Escherichia coli, a Zinc and Iron Metalloenzyme: @ Abstract 5610 Biocemistry 1995,34, 5610-5617 Galactose- 1 -pospate ridylyltransferase from scericia coli, a Zinc and Iron Metalloenzyme: Frank J. Ruzicka, Josep. Wedekind, Jeongmin Kim, Ivan Rayment,

More information

Unbiased MMSE vs. Biased MMSE Equalizers

Unbiased MMSE vs. Biased MMSE Equalizers Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 45 56 (2009) 45 Unbiased MMSE vs. iased MMSE Equalizers Rainfield Y. Yen Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui,

More information

Widespread use of pure and impure placebo interventions by GPs in Germany

Widespread use of pure and impure placebo interventions by GPs in Germany Family Practice 2012; 29:79 85 doi:10.1093/fampra/cmr045 Advance Access publised on 1 August 2011 Ó Te Autor 2011. Publised by Oxford University Press. All rigts reserved. For permissions, please e-mail:

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Ramipril Teva 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg tablets Ramipril DK/H/2130/ /DC.

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Ramipril Teva 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg tablets Ramipril DK/H/2130/ /DC. Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Ramipril Teva 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg tablets Ramipril DK/H/2130/001-004/DC 3 April 2014 Tis module reflects te scientific discussion for te approval

More information

A GEOMETRICAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH FRUITS OF POPPY FLOWER. Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey. Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey.

A GEOMETRICAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH FRUITS OF POPPY FLOWER. Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey. Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey. Matematical and Computational Applications, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 169-175, 009. Association for Scientific Researc A GEOMETRICAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH FRUITS OF POPPY FLOWER Gözde Değer 1,

More information

TLR3 Ligand-Induced Accumulation of Activated Splenic Natural Killer Cells into Liver

TLR3 Ligand-Induced Accumulation of Activated Splenic Natural Killer Cells into Liver Cellular & Molecular Immunology 449 rticle TLR3 Ligand-Induced ccumulation of ctivated Splenic Natural Killer Cells into Liver Jing Wang 1, Jiawei Xu 1, Weici Zang 1, Haiming Wei 1 and Zigang Tian 1, 2

More information

arxiv: v2 [cs.ro] 31 Jul 2018

arxiv: v2 [cs.ro] 31 Jul 2018 Design and Development of Effective Transmission Mecanisms on a Tendon Driven Hand Ortosis for Stroke Patients arxiv:182.6131v2 [cs.ro] 31 Jul 218 Sangwoo Park1, Lynne Weber2, Lauri Bisop2, Joel Stein2,3

More information

Correcting for Lead Time and Length Bias in Estimating the Effect of Screen Detection on Cancer Survival

Correcting for Lead Time and Length Bias in Estimating the Effect of Screen Detection on Cancer Survival American Journal of Epidemiology ª Te Autor 2008. Publised by te Jons Hopkins Bloomberg Scool of Public Healt. All rigts reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

More information

Modification of Ganglioside GMl

Modification of Ganglioside GMl THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 255, No, 16, Issue of August 25, pp. 7657-7664. 1980 Printed in U.S.A. Modification of Ganglioside GMl EFFECT OF LIPID MOIETY ON CHOLERAGEN ACTION* (Received for

More information

Z Cao 1, WR Joseph 1, WL Browne 1, KG Mountjoy 2, BD Palmer 1, BC Baguley 1 and L-M Ching 1

Z Cao 1, WR Joseph 1, WL Browne 1, KG Mountjoy 2, BD Palmer 1, BC Baguley 1 and L-M Ching 1 Britis Journal of Cancer (1999) 8(5/6), 716 723 1999 Cancer Researc Campaign Article no. bjoc.1998.415 Talidomide increases bot intra-tumoural tumour necrosis factor-α production and anti-tumour activity

More information

Two optimal treatments of HIV infection model

Two optimal treatments of HIV infection model SSN 746-733 England UK World Journal of Modelling and Simulation Vol. 8 () No. pp. 7-35 Two optimal treatments of HV infection model Kalid Hattaf Noura Yousfi Laboratory Analysis Modeling and Simulation

More information

Name: Key: E = brown eye color (note that blue eye color is still represented by the letter e, but a lower case one...this is very important)

Name: Key: E = brown eye color (note that blue eye color is still represented by the letter e, but a lower case one...this is very important) MONOHYBRID CROSS v2 Name: Introduction A gamete is te egg or sperm cell tat is produced by meiosis. A gamete contains te aploid number of cromosomes (in a uman tis number is 23). In eac of tese cromosomes

More information

Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Activity in Rat Liver and Prostate*

Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Activity in Rat Liver and Prostate* THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 0 1985 by The American Society of Biological Chemists, Inc. Vol. 260, No. 17, Issue of August 15, pp. 9583-9588, 1985 Printed in U.S.A. Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine

More information

A Platoon-Level Model of Communication Flow and the Effects on Operator Performance

A Platoon-Level Model of Communication Flow and the Effects on Operator Performance A Platoon-Level Model of Communication Flow and te Effects on Operator Performance by Patricia W. Kilduff, Jennifer C. Swoboda, and Josua Katz ARL-MR-0656 November 2006 Approved for public release; distribution

More information

TG13 management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis

TG13 management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci (2013) 20:55 59 DOI 10.1007/s00534-012-0562-2 GUIDELINE TG13: Updated Tokyo Guidelines for acute colangitis and acute colecystitis TG13 management bundles for acute colangitis

More information

Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated with Lipopolysaccharideinduced Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Lipase Deficiency*

Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated with Lipopolysaccharideinduced Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Lipase Deficiency* THE JOURNAL OF BOLOGCAL CHEMSTRY 0 1989 by Te American Society for Biocemistry and Molecular Biology, nc Vol. 264, No. 17, ssue of June 15, pp. 10264-10270,1989 Printed in U. S. A. Lipoprotein Abnormalities

More information

Running head: SEPARATING DECISION AND ENCODING NOISE. Separating Decision and Encoding Noise in Signal Detection Tasks

Running head: SEPARATING DECISION AND ENCODING NOISE. Separating Decision and Encoding Noise in Signal Detection Tasks Running ead: 1 Separating Decision and Encoding Noise in Signal Detection Tasks (Psycological Review, in press) Carlos Alexander Cabrera1, Zong-Lin Lu1, and Barbara Anne Doser2 Te Oio State University1

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Panclamox 40/500/1000 mg, gastro-resistant tablet/film-coated tablet/film-coated tablet

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Panclamox 40/500/1000 mg, gastro-resistant tablet/film-coated tablet/film-coated tablet Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Panclamox 40/500/1000 mg, gastro-resistant tablet/film-coated tablet/film-coated tablet (pantoprazole/claritromycin/amoxicillin) NL/H/2449/001/DC Date: 2

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Mebeverine HCl Aurobindo Retard 200 mg modified release capsules, hard. (mebeverine hydrochloride)

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Mebeverine HCl Aurobindo Retard 200 mg modified release capsules, hard. (mebeverine hydrochloride) Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion ebeverine HCl Aurobindo Retard 200 mg modified release capsules, ard (mebeverine ydrocloride) NL/H/3750/001/DC Date: 18 September 2017 Tis module reflects

More information

Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Sri Lankan Rice Varieties

Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Sri Lankan Rice Varieties Food Sci. Tecnol. Res., 14 (1), 49 54, 2008 Pysicocemical Properties of Starces from Sri Lankan Rice Varieties Hetti Araccige Mangalika WICKRAMASINGHE 1 and Takairo NODA 2* 1 Department of Agricultural

More information

Performance of Fractured Horizontal Wells in High-Permeability Reservoirs P. Valkó, SPE and M. J. Economides, SPE, Texas A&M University

Performance of Fractured Horizontal Wells in High-Permeability Reservoirs P. Valkó, SPE and M. J. Economides, SPE, Texas A&M University SPE 349 Performance of Fractured Horizontal Wells in Hig-Permeability Reservoirs P. Valkó, SPE and M. J. Economides, SPE, Texas A&M University Copyrigt 995, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Tis paper

More information

Reversal of the Deoxyhypusine Synthesis Reaction

Reversal of the Deoxyhypusine Synthesis Reaction THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 278, No. 35, Issue of August 29, pp. 32683 32691, 2003 Printed in U.S.A. Reversal of the Deoxyhypusine Synthesis Reaction GENERATION OF SPERMIDINE OR HOMOSPERMIDINE

More information

Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion. Kagitz (quetiapine) SE/H/1589/01, 04-05/DC

Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion. Kagitz (quetiapine) SE/H/1589/01, 04-05/DC Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Kagitz (quetiapine) SE/H/1589/01, 0405/DC Tis module reflects te scientific discussion for te approval of Kagitz. Te procedure was finalised on 20161221.

More information

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Hamstring Injury: Can We Provide a Return to Play Prognosis?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Hamstring Injury: Can We Provide a Return to Play Prognosis? Sports Med (2015) 45:133 146 DOI 10.1007/s40279-014-0243-1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Hamstring Injury: Can We Provide a Return to Play Prognosis? Gustaaf Reurink Elisabet G.

More information

Post mortem proteome degradation profiles of longissimus muscle in Yorkshire and Duroc

Post mortem proteome degradation profiles of longissimus muscle in Yorkshire and Duroc Arc. Tierz., Dummerstorf 51 (8) Special Issue, 62-68 1 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (ABGC), Wageningen University and Researc Centre Animal Sciences Group (ASG-WUR), Te Neterlands 2 Hypor BV, A

More information

Growth rate inhibition metrics correct for confounders in measuring sensitivity to cancer drugs

Growth rate inhibition metrics correct for confounders in measuring sensitivity to cancer drugs Growt rate inibition metrics correct for confounders in measuring sensitivity to cancer drugs Marc Hafner,, Mario Niepel,, Mirra Cung & Peter K Sorger 6 Nature America, Inc. All rigts reserved. Drug sensitivity

More information

Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Asp no:

Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Asp no: Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Asp no: 20150618 Tis module reflects te scientific discussion for te approval of Aspirin. Te procedure was finalised on 20160609.

More information

the risk of heart disease and stroke in alabama: burden document

the risk of heart disease and stroke in alabama: burden document te risk of eart disease and stroke in alabama: burden document finding te Pat to CardioVasCUlar ealt 21 table of Contents executive Summary... 1 demograpic caracteristics of Alabama... 2 Leading causes

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. (Atorvastatin calcium) SE/H/757/01-03/DC

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. (Atorvastatin calcium) SE/H/757/01-03/DC Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Atovans 10mg, 20mg and 40mg film coated tablets (Atorvastatin calcium) SE/H/757/01-03/DC Tis module reflects te scientific discussion for te approval of Atovans.

More information

Allergy: the unmet need

Allergy: the unmet need Allergy: te unmet need A blueprint for better patient care A report of te Royal College of Pysicians Working Party on te provision of allergy services in te UK Royal College of Pysicians June 2003 Royal

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovirdisoproxil Teva, film-coated tablets

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovirdisoproxil Teva, film-coated tablets Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovirdisoproxil Teva, film-coated tablets (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil) NL/H/3602/001/DC Date: 28 September 2017

More information

HCN channels enhance spike phase coherence and regulate the phase of spikes and LFPs in the theta-frequency range

HCN channels enhance spike phase coherence and regulate the phase of spikes and LFPs in the theta-frequency range HCN cannels enance spike pase coerence and regulate te pase of spikes and LFPs in te teta-frequency range Manisa Sina and Risikes Narayanan 1 Cellular Neuropysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biopysics Unit,

More information

Problem Set #5 4/3/ Spring 02

Problem Set #5 4/3/ Spring 02 Question 1 Chloroplasts contain six compartments outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid membrane, and thylakoid lumen each of which is populated by specific sets of proteins.

More information

Quality assessment of starter- produced weaning food subjected to different temperatures and ph

Quality assessment of starter- produced weaning food subjected to different temperatures and ph African Journal of Food Science Vol. 6(5), pp. 147-154, 15 Marc, 2012 Available online at ttp://www.academicjournals.org/ajfs DOI: 10.5897/AJFS11.143 ISSN 1996-0794 2012 Academic Journals Full Lengt Researc

More information

A Dynamical for Trans. of WNV in Chic.-Mosq. Interaction 291

A Dynamical for Trans. of WNV in Chic.-Mosq. Interaction 291 9 J. Mat. Fund. Sci., Vol. 46, o. 3, 4, 9-3 A Dynamical Model for Transmission of West ile Virus in Cicken-Mosquito Interaction Jafaruddin,, Juni Wijayanti Puspita 3, uning uraini & Edy Soewono Department

More information

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research   ISSN: International Journal of ealt Sciences and Researc www.ijsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Review rticle ombay lood Group: Distinct Descent Samarpita Pramanik Senior Tutor, Scool of Nursing, Cristian ospital erampur,

More information

Three-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multidetector array CT

Three-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multidetector array CT Te Britis Journal of Radiology, 82 (2009), 401 411 Tree-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multidetector array CT 1,2 X LI, MS, 1,2,3 E SAMEI, PD, 4 D M DELONG, PD, 5 R P JONES, BA,

More information

Fluid Therapy. Adesola Odunayo, DVM, MS, DACVECC. CONSULT THE EXPERT h EMERGENCY MEDICINE & CRITICAL CARE h PEER REVIEWED. University of Tennessee

Fluid Therapy. Adesola Odunayo, DVM, MS, DACVECC. CONSULT THE EXPERT h EMERGENCY MEDICINE & CRITICAL CARE h PEER REVIEWED. University of Tennessee CONSULT THE EXPERT EMERGENCY MEDICINE & CRITICAL CARE PEER REVIEWED Fluid Terapy Adesola Odunayo, DVM, MS, DACVECC University of Tennessee Fluid terapy is an essential terapeutic component in small animal

More information

IBM Research Report. Reliability for Networked Storage Nodes

IBM Research Report. Reliability for Networked Storage Nodes J058 A0509-008 September 0, 005 Computer Science IBM esearc eport eliability for etwore Storage oes KK ao, James L. Hafner, icar A. Goling IBM esearc Division Almaen esearc Center 650 Harry oa San Jose,

More information

Simultaneous Determination of Silibinin A and Silibinin B in Rat Plasma and Pharmacokinetic Study

Simultaneous Determination of Silibinin A and Silibinin B in Rat Plasma and Pharmacokinetic Study Cu Y et al. Cinese Herbal Medicines, 211, 3(4): 39314 39 Simultaneous Deteration of Silibinin A and Silibinin B in Rat Plasma and Parmacokinetic Study CHU Yang, L Wei, L Ziwen, L Xinxin, MA Xiaoui *, ZHU

More information

Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella enteritidis during a 7-Year Period in Greece

Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella enteritidis during a 7-Year Period in Greece JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1997, p. 1316 1321 Vol. 35, No. 6 0095-1137/97/$04.00 0 Copyrigt 1997, American Society for Microbiology Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella

More information

Original Article Detection of lymph node metastases in cholangiocanma by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Original Article Detection of lymph node metastases in cholangiocanma by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Int J Clin Exp Med 207;0(2):2925-293 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:940-590/IJCEM004693 Original Article Detection of lymp node metastases in colangiocanma by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Min Wu *, Huan-Rong

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Pulentia 100/6, 200/6 and 400/12 microgram/ dose inhalation powder, pre-dispensed

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Pulentia 100/6, 200/6 and 400/12 microgram/ dose inhalation powder, pre-dispensed Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion C Pulentia 100/6, 200/6 and 400/12 microgram/ dose inalation powder, pre-dispensed (budesonide/formoterol fumarate diydrate) NL/H/3165/001-003/DC Date: 23

More information

Spiral of Silence in Recommender Systems

Spiral of Silence in Recommender Systems Spiral of Silence in Recommender Systems Dugang Liu, Cen Lin Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, Cina ABSTRACT Yangua Xiao Scool of Computer Science, Fudan University Sangai, Cina

More information

ANTIOXIDANT ISOENZYME RESPONSES TO NICKEL-INDUCED STRESS IN TOBACCO CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE

ANTIOXIDANT ISOENZYME RESPONSES TO NICKEL-INDUCED STRESS IN TOBACCO CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE 548 Note ANTIOXIDANT ISOENZYME RESPONSES TO NICKEL-INDUCED STRESS IN TOBACCO CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE Georgia Bertoni Pompeu 1 ; Priscila Lupino Gratão ; Victor Alexandre Vitorello 3 ; Ricardo Antunes Azevedo

More information

Insights. Central Nervous System Cancers, Version

Insights. Central Nervous System Cancers, Version NCCN Guidelines Insigts Central Nervous System Cancers NCCN Guidelines Insigts Featured Updates to te NCCN Guidelines 1331 Louis Burt Nabors, MD 1,* ; Jana Portnow, MD 2,* ; Mario Ammirati, MD, MBA 3 ;

More information

Summary. Introduction. Methods

Summary. Introduction. Methods Osteoartritis and Cartilage (2001) 9, 771 778 2001 OsteoArtritis Researc Society International 1063 4584/01/080771+08 $35.00/0 doi:10.1053/joca.2001.0474, available online at ttp://www.idealibrary.com

More information

REVIEW ARTICLE Anesthesiology 2010; 113: Copyright 2010, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

REVIEW ARTICLE Anesthesiology 2010; 113: Copyright 2010, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins REVIEW ARTICLE Anestesiology 2010; 113:968 76 Copyrigt 2010, te American Society of Anestesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins David S. Warner, M.D., Editor Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as

More information

Hyperglycosylated hcg drives malignancy in cancer cases.

Hyperglycosylated hcg drives malignancy in cancer cases. Review Article ttp://www.alliedacademies.org/molecular-oncology-researc/ Hyperglycosylated CG drives malignancy in cancer cases. Laurence A. Cole* USA CG Reference Service, 34 Broadmoor Way, P.O. Box 950

More information

NYSE MKT: SYN. Protecting the Gut Microbiome

NYSE MKT: SYN. Protecting the Gut Microbiome NYSE MKT: SYN Protecting te Gut Microbiome Microbiome R&D and Business Collaboration Forum: USA Josep Sliman, MD, MPH, Sr. Vice President, Clinical & Regulatory Affairs September 10, 2015 Forward-Looking

More information

Influence of light intensity on surface-free energy and dentin bond strength of single-step self-etch adhesives

Influence of light intensity on surface-free energy and dentin bond strength of single-step self-etch adhesives Dental Materials Journal 2015; 34(5): 611 617 Influence of ligt intensity on surface-free energy and dentin bond strengt of single-step self-etc adesives Kie NOJIRI, Akimasa TSUJIMOTO, Takayuki SUZUKI,

More information

A Mathematical Model for Assessing the Control of and Eradication strategies for Malaria in a Community ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED BABA

A Mathematical Model for Assessing the Control of and Eradication strategies for Malaria in a Community ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED BABA ttp://www.sciencepub.net/report A Matematical Model for Assessing te Control of and Eradication strategies for Malaria in a Community ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED BABA DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, NIGER STATE COLLEGE

More information

Materials and Methods , The two-hybrid principle.

Materials and Methods , The two-hybrid principle. The enzymatic activity of an unknown protein which cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the tyrosine residue of a viral protein and the 5 terminus of the picornavirus RNA Introduction Every day there

More information

The Gold Standard. ASDIN 2014 Scientific Meeting. When is an AVF mature? Longitudinal Assessment of AVF Maturation with Ultrasound.

The Gold Standard. ASDIN 2014 Scientific Meeting. When is an AVF mature? Longitudinal Assessment of AVF Maturation with Ultrasound. Wen is an AVF mature? Longitudinal Assessment of AVF Maturation wit Ultrasound CONFLICT of INTEREST DECLARATION St Micael s Hospital olds patent on use of ig frequency probes for evaluation of venous structures

More information

Article. Reference. MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity. TRAJKOVSKI, Mirko, et al.

Article. Reference. MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity. TRAJKOVSKI, Mirko, et al. Article MicroRNAs and 7 regulate insulin sensitivity TRAJKOVSKI, Mirko, et al. Abstract Defects in insulin signalling are among te most common and earliest defects tat predispose an individual to te development

More information

PTM Discovery Method for Automated Identification and Sequencing of Phosphopeptides Using the Q TRAP LC/MS/MS System

PTM Discovery Method for Automated Identification and Sequencing of Phosphopeptides Using the Q TRAP LC/MS/MS System Application Note LC/MS PTM Discovery Method for Automated Identification and Sequencing of Phosphopeptides Using the Q TRAP LC/MS/MS System Purpose This application note describes an automated workflow

More information

Trypanothione reductase from Leishmania donovani Purification, characterisation and inhibition by trivalent antimonials

Trypanothione reductase from Leishmania donovani Purification, characterisation and inhibition by trivalent antimonials Eur. J. Biocem. 230,460468 (1995) 0 FEBS 1995 Trypanotione reductase from Leismania donovani Purification, caracterisation and inibition by trivalent antimonials Mark L. CUNNINGHAM and Alan H. FAIRLAMB

More information

Lipopolymer electrophoresis in supported bilayer membranes

Lipopolymer electrophoresis in supported bilayer membranes / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for tis issue PAPER www.rsc.org/softmatter Soft Matter Lipopolymer electroporesis in supported bilayer membranes Huai-Ying Zang and Regan J. Hill* Received 13t June

More information

TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells

TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Journal of Supramolecular Structure 4:441 (401)-447 (407) (1976) TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells

More information

MEK1 Assay Kit 1 Catalog # Lot # 16875

MEK1 Assay Kit 1 Catalog # Lot # 16875 MEK1 Assay Kit 1 Kit Components Assay Dilution Buffer (ADB), Catalog # 20-108. Three vials, each containing 1.0ml of assay dilution buffer (20mM MOPS, ph 7.2, 25mM ß-glycerol phosphate, 5mM EGTA, 1mM sodium

More information

PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen

PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/142604

More information

How does maintenance of network activity depend on endogenous dynamics of. Network homeostasis and endogenous neuronal dynamics

How does maintenance of network activity depend on endogenous dynamics of. Network homeostasis and endogenous neuronal dynamics TITE How does maintenance of network activity depend on endoenous dynamics of isolated neurons? Andrey V. Olyper and Ronald. Calabrese Department of Bioloy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georia 30322 SHORT

More information

FEBS 1138 January Paul R. Buckland and Bernard Rees Smith

FEBS 1138 January Paul R. Buckland and Bernard Rees Smith Volume 166, number 1 FEBS 1138 January 1984 A structural comparison receptors by of guinea pig thyroid and fat TSH photoaffinity labelling Paul R. Buckland and Bernard Rees Smith Endocrine Immunology Unit,

More information

C. Lemière*, A. Desjardins*, Y. Cloutier**, D. Drolet**, G. Perrault**, A. Cartier*, J-L. Malo*

C. Lemière*, A. Desjardins*, Y. Cloutier**, D. Drolet**, G. Perrault**, A. Cartier*, J-L. Malo* Eur Respir J, 1995, 8, 861 865 DOI: 1.1183/931936.95.85861 Printed in UK - all rigts reserved Copyrigt ERS Journals Ltd 1995 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 93-1936 CASE REPORT Occupational astma due

More information

Evaluation of Reflex- and Nonreflex- Induced Muscle Resistance to Stretch in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury Using Hand-held and Isokinetic Dynamometry

Evaluation of Reflex- and Nonreflex- Induced Muscle Resistance to Stretch in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury Using Hand-held and Isokinetic Dynamometry Evaluation of Reflex and Nonreflex Induced Muscle Resistance to Stretc in Adults Wit Spinal Cord Injury Using Handeld and Isokinetic Dynamometry Background and Purpose. In tis study, we compared te intertrial

More information

Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in jute seeds by antizyme

Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in jute seeds by antizyme J. Biosci., Vol. 15, Number 2, June 1990, pp. 83-91. Printed in India. Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in jute seeds by antizyme MALABIKA PANDIT and BHARATI GHOSH Department of Botany, Bose

More information

WE HAVE all heard the saying, You are what you eat. This

WE HAVE all heard the saying, You are what you eat. This Proper Nutrition WE AVE all ear te saying, You are wat you eat. Tis prase refers to te relationsip between a boy s overall ealt an te kins of foo eaten. For proper ealt, te boy must take in te proper nutrients,

More information

Modeling H1N1 Vaccination Rates. N. Ganesh, Kennon R. Copeland, Nicholas D. Davis, National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago

Modeling H1N1 Vaccination Rates. N. Ganesh, Kennon R. Copeland, Nicholas D. Davis, National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago Modeling H1N1 Vaccination Rates N. Ganes, Kennon R. Copeland, Nicolas D. Davis, National Opinion Researc Center at e University of Cicago James A. Singleton, Tammy Santibanez, Centers for Disease Control

More information

COLI THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES IN E. IV. THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN

COLI THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES IN E. IV. THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES IN E. IV. THE SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN AND THE ASSEMBLY OF RIBOSOMES COLI R. J. BRITTEN, B. J. MCCARTHY, and R. B. ROBERTS From the Carnegie Institution of Washington,

More information

STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COBAMIDE COENZYMES

STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COBAMIDE COENZYMES STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COBAMIDE COENZYMES R. H. Abeles and H. A. Lee, Jr. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich. Aerobacter aerogenes converts propanediol to propionaldehyde,

More information

Preparations for pandemic influenza. Guidance for hospital medical specialties on adaptations needed for a pandemic influenza outbreak

Preparations for pandemic influenza. Guidance for hospital medical specialties on adaptations needed for a pandemic influenza outbreak Preparations for pandemic influenza Guidance for ospital medical specialties on adaptations needed for a pandemic influenza outbreak June 2009 Te Royal College of Pysicians Te Royal College of Pysicians

More information

Bio-equivalence Study of Two Oral Flumequine Formulations (Flumisol and Maquin ) in Broiler Chickens

Bio-equivalence Study of Two Oral Flumequine Formulations (Flumisol and Maquin ) in Broiler Chickens Bio-equivalence Study of Two Oral Flumequine Formulations (Flumisol Maquin ) in Broiler Cickens Journal of Medical Biomedical And Applied Sciences Doi : 10.15520/jmbas.v3i12.168 Received : 5 November 2016

More information

SSRG International Journal of Medical Science (SSRG-IJMS) Volume 4 Issue 7 July 2017

SSRG International Journal of Medical Science (SSRG-IJMS) Volume 4 Issue 7 July 2017 SSRG International Journal of Medical Science (SSRG-IJMS) Volume Issue 7 July 7 Te Essential Role of Different Factors in Germination and Tube Growt of Heliotropium Hirsutissimum Grauer (Boraginaceae)

More information

TRAUMATIC HIP DISLOCATION IN CHILDHOOD

TRAUMATIC HIP DISLOCATION IN CHILDHOOD Actaortop. scand. 50,549-553,1979 TRAUMATIC HIP DISLOCATION IN CHILDHOOD A Report of 26 Cases and a Review of te Literature ANTONIO B ARQUET Institute and Department of Ortopaedics and Traumatology, Montevideo,

More information

Single Essential Amino Acids (valine/histidine/methiotiine/high-temperature inhibition)

Single Essential Amino Acids (valine/histidine/methiotiine/high-temperature inhibition) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 68, No. 9, pp. 2057-2061, September 1971 Regulation of Protein Synthesis Initiation in HeLa Cells Deprived of Single ssential Amino Acids (valine/histidine/methiotiine/high-temperature

More information

Breast tissue diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy

Breast tissue diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy Breast tissue diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy B. Brożek-Płuska*, J.Surmacki*, J. Jabłońska**, R. Kordek**, H. Abramczyk* *Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Cemistry,

More information

Clinical aspects of cell death in breast cancer: the polyamine pathway as a new target for treatment

Clinical aspects of cell death in breast cancer: the polyamine pathway as a new target for treatment Clinical aspects of cell death in breast cancer: the polyamine pathway as a new target for treatment N E Davidson 1, H A Hahm 1, D E McCloskey 2, P M Woster 3 and R A Casero Jr 1 1 The Johns Hopkins Oncology

More information

Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, University Medical School, Kopcińskiego 22, Łódź, Poland

Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, University Medical School, Kopcińskiego 22, Łódź, Poland Arcivum Immunologiae et Terapiae Experimentalis, 999, 47, 9 26 PL ISSN 0004-069X Hydrogen Peroxide in Expired Air Condensate Correlates Positively wit Early Steps of Periperal Neutropil Activation in Astmatic

More information

BCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry

BCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry BCH 5045 Graduate Survey of Biochemistry Instructor: Charles Guy Producer: Ron Thomas Director: Glen Graham Lecture 7 Slide sets available at: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/teach/guyweb/bch5045/index.html David

More information

Nimbolide Induces ROS-Regulated Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Osteosarcoma

Nimbolide Induces ROS-Regulated Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Osteosarcoma Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23405-23424; doi:10.3390/ijms161023405 Article OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Nimbolide Induces ROS-Regulated

More information

Supplementary Figure S1. Appearacne of new acetyl groups in acetylated lysines using 2,3-13 C 6 pyruvate as a tracer instead of labeled glucose.

Supplementary Figure S1. Appearacne of new acetyl groups in acetylated lysines using 2,3-13 C 6 pyruvate as a tracer instead of labeled glucose. Supplementary Figure S1. Appearacne of new acetyl groups in acetylated lysines using 2,3-13 C 6 pyruvate as a tracer instead of labeled glucose. (a) Relative levels of both new acetylation and all acetylation

More information