A Closer Look at Communicable Diseases

Transcription

1 215 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Data Brief A Closer Look at Communicable Diseases Highlights In 214, the most commonly-occurring communicable diseases in Guilford County are sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with chlamydia contributing the largest number of cases, followed by gonorrhea (3,9 and 1,154 cases respectively). Guilford County s HIV Infection rate remains higher than that of North Carolina as a whole. Rates are highest for African-American, Hispanics, males and young adults. Cases of primary and secondary syphilis decreased from 57 cases in 211 to 35 new cases in 212 and 29 in 213. Rates are highest among African-American residents, males and young adults. Incidence rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea declined substantially from 211 to 214 but significant racial disparities persist. Inside this Data Brief Selected Communicable Disease, Cases and Rates 2 HIV Infection, Characteristics and Trends 3-5 Primary and Secondary Syphilis, Characteristics and Trends 5-7 Chlamydia, Characteristics and Trends 8-9 Gonorrhea, Characteristics and Trends 1-11 Reportable Communicable Diseases 12 Tuberculosis Characteristics and Trends GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

2 Selected Communicable Disease Cases, Guilford County DISEASES Campylobacter Chlamydia 1,833 1,867 1,877 2,282 2,333 2,994 2,398 5,1 3,919 3,934 3,9 Gonorrhea ,83 1,72 1,34 1, ,981 1,433 1,386 1,154 Hepatitis A Hepatitis B (Acute) HIV Infection (includes HIV & AIDS) Salmonella Shigellosis Syphilis (Primary & Secondary) Syphilis (P & S & Early Latent) Tuberculosis Select Communicable Diseases, Rates per 1, Population, Guilford County DISEASES Campylobacter Chlamydia , Gonorrhea Hepatitis A Hepatitis B (Acute) HIV Infection (includes HIV & AIDS) Salmonella Shigellosis Syphilis (Primary & Secondary) Syphilis (P & S & Early Latent) Tuberculosis Population 438,52 441, ,71 46, , ,38 488,46 495,231 51,58 56,61 512,74 Source: NC Center for Health Informatics and Statistics; NC DHHS HIV/STD Prevention and Care Branch; NC DHHS Communicable Disease Branch; NC DHHS Tuberculosis Control Program; NC OSBM State Demographics Branch. 2 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

3 Sexually Transmitted Infections: HIV Infection HIV Infection Cases and Rate per 1,, by Race/Ethnicity 213 African-American White, non- Asian, non- Hispanic Diseases non-hispanic Hispanic Hispanic New Cases Rate per 1, Population 17,26 298,914 22,797 37,996 Demographic Characteristics of Guilford County HIV Infection Cases, 213: Sex and Age Percent Male 25 Female Percent Ages -9 Ages Ages Ages 3-39 Ages Ages 5- Ages 6- Ages and Older Source: Communicable Disease Branch, NC Division of Public Health, NCDHHS. Guilford County s HIV infection rate remains higher than that of North Carolina as a whole. Rates are highest for African-American, Hispanics, males and young adults HIV mortality rates declined dramatically between 1995 and 1997and have remained low since that time. The difference between the new case rate and the mortality rate means that the number of residents living with HIV Infection continues to grow. 3 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

4 Trends in HIV Infection Incidence Rates Guilford County and North Carolina * Rate per 1, Guilford NC Source: HIV/STD Prevention & Care Branch, Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. *Note: HIV Infection includes both new cases of HIV or AIDS. US data not yet available for 214. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. 4 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

5 Trends in HIV Infection Mortality Rates Guilford County and North Carolina Rate per 1, Guilford NC Source: HIV/STD Prevention & Care Branch, Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. Note: HIV Infection includes all cases of HIV and AIDS. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Syphilis Guilford County Syphilis Cases by Race, 213 Diseases African- American White Syphilis (Primary & Secondary) 27 2 Syphilis (Primary, Secondary & Early Latent) 46 4 Syphilis Rate per 1,, by Race, 213 Diseases African- American White Syphilis (Primary & Secondary) Syphilis (Primary, Secondary & Early Latent) Population 17,26 298,914 5 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

6 Demographic Characteristics of Guilford County Syphilis Cases, 213: Sex and Age Percent Male 7.8 Female Percent 2 Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages 6-69 Source: Communicable Disease Branch, NC Division of Public Health, NCDHHS. Cases of primary and secondary syphilis decreased from 57 cases in 211 to 35 new cases in 212 and 29 in 213/. Rates are highest among African-American residents, males and young adults. 6 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

7 Trends in Primary and Secondary Syphilis Rates Guilford County, NC and United States * Rate per 1, Guilford NC US Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. *Note: US data not yet available for 214. Trends in Primary and Secondary Syphilis Rates By Race, Guilford County Rate per 1, Whites Other Races Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. 7 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

8 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Chlamydia Chlamydia Cases and Rates by Race and Hispanic Status, 214 Race Classification Number of Cases Percent of Cases Rate per 1, American Indian 4.1% --- Asian % African-American % 1,161.6 Hawaiian /Pacific Islander White % 13.6 Other % --- Unknown % --- Multi-Racial 2.1% --- Missing 4.1% --- Race Total 39 1% --- Hispanic % Source: NC Electronic Disese Surveillance System (NCEDSS). The highest Chlamydia incidence rates are among African-American residents, with very large disparities compared to Whites and other race/ethnic groups. The age groups with the highest rates of chlamydia are ages 2-24, followed by ages and ages Two-thirds of Chlamydia cases are to females. Chlamydia cases are diagnosed largely as a result of screening, and women are more likely to have screening tests and Over Percent of Cases by Age Group Percent of Cases by Sex Male Female 8 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

9 Trends in Chlamydia Incidence Rates Guilford County, NC and United States * Rate per 1, Guilford NC US Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. Note: 214 data for US not yet available. Chlamydia incidence rates in Guilford County are consistently higher than rates in North Carolina and the United States as a whole. There is a ten-fold disparity in chlamydia incidence rates between White rates and those of other races, which are made up largely of Black/African-American. Trends in Chlamydia Incidence Rates By Race, Guilford County Rate per 1, White Other Races Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS; North Carolina Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NCEDSS). Chart prepared by the GCDPHHS, Division of Public Health. 9 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

10 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Gonorrhea Gonorrhea Cases and Rates by Race and Hispanic Status, 214 Race Classification Number of Cases Percent of Cases Rate per 1, American Indian 3.3% 84.6 Asian 5.4% 21.9 African-American % White % 29.9 Other 35 3.% --- Unknown % --- Multi-Racial 2.2% --- Race Total 1,154 1% --- Hispanic % 57.9 Source: NC Electronic Disese Surveillance System (NCEDSS). The highest Gonorrhea incidence rates are among African-American residents, with very large disparities compared to Whites and other race/ethnic groups. The age groups with the highest rates of gonorrhea are ages 2-24, followed by ages and ages A higher percentage of new gonorrhea cases are to females than to males. Female gonorrhea cases are diagnosed largely as a result of screening, while men often seek testing due to gonorrhea symptom and Over Percent of Cases by Age Group Percent of Cases by Sex Male Female 1 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

11 Trends in Gonorrhea Incidence Rates Guilford County, NC and United States * Rate per 1, Guilford NC US Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS; North Carolina Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NCEDSS) Chart prepared by the GCDPHHS, Division of Public Health. *Note: 214 data for US not yet available. Gonorrhea incidence rates in Guilford County are consistently higher than rates in North Carolina and the United States as a whole. A very large disparity in incidence rates exists between White rates and those of other races, which are made up largely of Black/African-American Trends in Gonorrhea Incidence Rates By Race, Guilford County Rate per 1, White Other Races Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS; North Carolina Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NCEDSS). Chart prepared by the GCDPHHS, Division of Public Health. 11 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

12 Other Reportable Diseases Reportable Diseases for Guilford County Disease Total 211 Total 212 Total 213 Total 214 Campylobacter Chlamydia 4,382 3,919 3,767 3,9 Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease 1 Cryptosporidiosis E Coli H7: Encephalitis-West Nile Virus 1 Gonorrhea 1,743 1,433 1,346 1,154 Haemophililus Influenza Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 1 Hepatitis B Acute Hepatitis B Chronic carrier Hepatitis C Acute Legionellosis Listeriosis 1 1 Lyme Disease Malaria Measles 1 Meningococcal Disease 1 1 Mumps 4 1 Non-Gonococcal Urethritis Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) 1 1 Shigellosis Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease Salmonella Tuberculosis Source: North Carolina National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. 12 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

13 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Cases and Rates by Race and Hispanic Status, 214 Race Classification Number of Cases Percent of Cases Asian 9 45.% African-American 7 35.% White 4 2.% Race Total 2 1% Hispanic 4 2.% Percent of Cases Percent of Cases by Sex Male Female 65 and Over 35. Source: NC Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NCEDSS). Asian immigrants make up the largest group of new tuberculosis cases. TB cases are evenly split between males and females. TB cases are more likely to impact those ages and those over the age of GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215

14 Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence Rates Guilford County, NC and the United States * Rate per 1, Guilford NC US Source: General Communicable Disease Control Branch; Division of Public Health, NC DHHS. Chart prepared by the GCDHHS, Division of Public Health. *Note: NC and US Tuberculosis data not yet available for 214. This report was prepared by Health Surveillance & Analysis Unit of the Division of Public Health: Mark H. Smith, Ph.D., Epidemiologist Laura Mrosla, MPH, MSW, Community Health Educator Terrance J. Earle, MS Healthcare Informatics Candidate, University of Central Florida For more information about Guilford County health statistics, visit 14 GCDHHS Division of Public Health Communicable Disease Data Brief 215