½ of all new infections are among people aged although this age group represents <25% of the sexually experienced population.

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2 Impact Almost 20 million - newly diagnosed STD s/sti s each year. $16 billion cost of treating STI s ½ of all new infections are among people aged although this age group represents <25% of the sexually experienced population.

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5 From the CDC 0 Inflict Significant Human and Economic Costs 0 Significant health challenge facing the United States. 0 Potential threat to an individual s immediate and long-term health and well-being. 0 Increases a person s risk for HIV infection, STDs can lead to severe reproductive health complications, such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

6 CDC s collects data on 8 common STIs Bacterial Infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Parasitic Infection Trichomoniasis Viral Infections/Diseases Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Human papillomavirus (HPV)

7 VIRAL STD/SID s 0 Genital Herpes 0 Genital Warts 0 HIV/AIDS One characteristic they all have in common There is NO CURE.

8 GENITAL HERPES

9 The Pathogen is a VIRUS: HERPES Simplex o HSV-1: Simplex I o Cold sores and fever blisters o HSV-2: Simplex II o Genital herpes

10 Symptoms Painful, fluid filled blisters - can be found o in the mouth o on the lips o on the thighs or abdomen o in the genital area

11 How is HERPES spread? o Skin to skin contact o Oral Sex o Sexual Intercourse How is HERPES treated? o Oral medication: antiviral meds like Acyclovir, Valtrex. o OTC Meds like Abreva

12 Baby born to mother during an active genital herpes infection. Herpes infection can be passed from mother to unborn child and cause a potentially deadly infection (neonatal herpes).

13 o CDC estimates that 776,000 people in the US get a new herpes infection each year, adding to total prevalence of 24 million. o Nationwide, 16.2%, or 1 in 6 people aged have genital herpes infection. o 1 in 5 women yoa o 1 in 9 men yoa

14 Genital Warts

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16 The Pathogen is a VIRUS: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) o The MOST common SID. o So common that nearly all sexually active men and women will get it at some point in their lives. o Over 40 forms of this virus are known to infect the genitals.

17 HPV Symptoms o Usually appears as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. o Bumps may be raised or flat. o Warts can appear weeks or months after infection.

18 Complications o Causes cell changes that lead to cervical cancer. o HPV is the leading cause of death from cervical cancer in the U.S.

19 How is HPV treated? o Removal of growths or abnormal tissue by surgery or freezing. o Prescription creams can be applied. o Gardasil vaccine for cancer prevention.

20 o Approx. 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. o Approx. 14 million new infections occur each year. o So common that most sexually-active men and women will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives.

21 HIV/AIDS HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

22 HOW HIV causes AIDS 0 Infection occurs when the virus enters the bloodstream and begins to destroy a specific white blood cell called a T- lymphocyte. 0 Patients test positive for HIV about 6 months after initial infection. 0 Systemic breakdown may take as long as 10+ years. 0 AIDS occurs when the number of viruses in drastically higher than the number of T- cells.

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24 Symptoms of HIV None; people that are HIV positive may not present with symptoms for up to 10 years. Symptoms of AIDS Skin Rashes, swollen glands, fever, diarrhea, weakness, mouth and respiratory infections

25 How is HIV/AIDS spread? o Sexual contact o IV drug use o Blood to blood contact o Pregnant mother to child MUST ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM How is HIV/AIDS Treated? o o o EARLY DIAGNOSIS = GET TESTED! Initial weight gain to prevent wasting. Drug cocktails to prevent viral replication and entry of virus into uninfected cells.

26 Prevalence of diagnosed HIV Infection Among Adolescents Aged 13 19, Year-end 2012 United States and Dependent Areas N = 7,300 Total Rate = 24.3 Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.

27 US Statistics oat the end of 2009, an estimated 1,148,200 persons aged 13 and older in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS. oapproximately 50,000 new infections of HIV occur each year. oapprox. 10,000 of these were in young people aged

28 WORLD Statistics o The last 10 years saw a 15% reduction in new infections and a 22% decline is death due to AIDS. o There are 1,000 new infections in children EVERY DAY. o Only 23% of children with HIV/AIDS are receiving treatment. o 2.1 million children are HIV-positive. o 33.4 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS o25 million people have died since the first cases were reported in 1981.

29 BACTERIAL STD/SID s 0 Chlamydia 0 Gonorrhea 0 Syphilis One characteristic they all have in common ALL can be cured with an antibiotic... Until recently.

30 CHLAMYDIA Caused by: BACTERIA Chlamydia trachomatis

31 Chlamydia Symptoms MEN o painful urination o white discharge from penis o pain in testicles o may become infertile if not treated WOMEN o 80% have no symptoms = silent infection odischarge obleeding or pain with intercourse o Irregular periods

32 Complications o If not treated, chlamydia can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease o o PID is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes and uterus. PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy and/or infertility.

33 How is Chlamydia Spread? o sexual contact o bodily fluids How is Chlamydia treated? o Antibiotics

34 o 1,422,976 infections were reported to CDC. o Estimated 2.86 million infections occur each year. o Some infections are not reported because the infected do not have symptoms or do not seek treatment. o Est. 1 in 15 sexually active females aged have chlamydia.

35 Gonorrhea Caused by: BACTERIA Neiserria gonorrhea

36 Gonorrhea Symptoms o Thick yellow discharge o Burning with urination o Rash if systemic Complications o Blindness in babies at birth o Antibiotics are given in the eyes of every newborn.

37 How is gonorrhea spread? o sexual contact o bodily fluids How is gonorrhea treated? o o Antibiotics CDC is reporting drug resistant strains making treatment more difficult.

38 o 334,826 reported cases in the US. o 820,000 estimated cases. o CDC estimated that 570, 000 of them were in young people aged 15-24

39 SYPHILIS Caused by: BACTERIA Treponema pallidum

40 Syphilis symptoms Progresses in stages: o STAGE I = PRIMARY: Painless red sores (chancres) appear. o STAGE II = SECONDARY: Nonitching rash o STAGE III = TERTIARY/LATENT: damages internal organs including brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver. Can lead to death.

41 How do you get Syphilis? o sexual contact o skin-to-skin contact How is Syphilis treated? o Antibiotics ** can only be cured if found in early stages!

42 o15,667 of newly reported cases of Primary and Secondary syphilis. o322 cases of Tertiary syphilis