Skin Deep: Illuminating our body s immune defenses. Vinidhra Mani PhD Candidate in Immunology Mempel Laboratory, HMS Wednesday March 23, 2016
|
|
- Cory Sparks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Skin Deep: Illuminating our body s immune defenses Vinidhra Mani PhD Candidate in Immunology Mempel Laboratory, HMS Wednesday March 23, 2016
2 Skin: Our first line of defense
3 Why is this important to study? Fight disease Boost our barrier defenses through vaccination
4 Roadmap for the Evening 1. A Resilient Barrier Defense The immune system in the skin 2. The Immunologist s Toolbox How we study skin immunity 3. Generating Memory What do scientists need to know to make better vaccines? (my project!)
5 Roadmap for the Evening 1. A Resilient Barrier Defense The immune system in the skin 2. The Immunologist s Toolbox How we study skin immunity 3. Generating Memory What do scientists need to know to make better vaccines? (my project!)
6 What would you want your skin immune system to do?
7 The skin immune system Keeps pathogens from invading our bodies Kills infected or abnormal cells Senses potential invaders and alerts the rest of the immune system Cleans debris from war zones or normal cell death Heals wounds Prevents the body from attacking itself and more!
8 Players in skin immunity Epidermis Microbes Dendritic Cell Survey for bugs Educate other cells Memory T Cell Remember bugs Recruit help Dermis Killer T Cell Kill infected cells Bacteria: Pixabay B Cell Make antibodies Helper T Cell Recruit help Instruct other cells Macrophage Clear debris Heal wounds Recruit help
9 Skin memory T cells Important for immune response to pesky pathogens (e.g. Herpes Simplex Virus) Specifically recognize and remember certain pathogens Quickly alert surrounding cells to recruit more help Constantly survey the skin Skin Memory T cell Dendritic cell Long-lived (lifetime?)
10 How do immune cells know what to do and when to do it?
11 Cell structure and function Proteins Carry out functions inside and outside of the cell Cytokine Second Messenger Nucleus Control center Contains genetic material Receptor
12 Immune cells sense local cues through receptors Cytokine Ligand Cell-cell interaction Receptor Each cell has over hundreds of types of receptors!
13 Signals can be relayed by a second messenger Second Messenger Nucleus
14 Skin memory T cell responds to infection Survival signal Infected cell
15 Immune cells sense and respond to local cues Make more/different proteins Cytokines Migrate Kill infected cells Heal wound Become a memory cell???? Cell-cell interactions
16 If a cell gets many different signals through its hundreds of receptors how does it decide what to do?
17 Study of immune cell decision making Wikimedia Commons: Pete Souza, White House
18 How do killer T cells become memory cells?
19 Part I Summary The skin is composed of diverse immune cells which keep us disease-free Memory T cells in the skin are important for quickly responding to and preventing the spread of pathogens All immune cells integrate many signals and respond accordingly- we are studying how this happens!
20 Questions?
21 Roadmap for the Evening 1. A Resilient Barrier Defense The immune system in the skin 2. The Immunologist s Toolbox How we study skin immunity 3. Generating Memory What do scientists need to know to make better vaccines? (my project!)
22 Models to study the immune system Pros in vitro Use of human cells No use of animals Cons Does not capture complexity of signals Pros in vivo Allows us to understand complex dynamics/signals Cons Imperfect correlation with human immunity Wikimedia Commons: Unknown, Kaibara87
23 Studying signals in the immune system 1. Change/modify signals Modify production or receipt of signals or responses by immune cells 2. What happens when you alter signals? Monitor functional changes in immune cells as a result of modulating signals
24 How are we able to alter and study how signals are integrated by immune cells?
25 Recall: Proteins Allow cells to receive signals and carry out functions Can come in the form of second messengers, receptors, ligands, cytokines and more We can alter proteins or their function and study the effects on immune cell function.
26 Genetic manipulation allows us to alter proteins Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein (e.g. second messenger) Wikimedia Commons (scissors)
27 Block protein function by drug or antibody Antibody: protein that binds another protein, alters its function Drug: small chemical that binds a protein to alter its function
28 Studying signals in the immune system 1. Change/modify signals Modify production or receipt of signals or responses by immune cells 2. What happens when you alter signals? Monitor functional changes in immune cells as a result of modulating signals
29 How do we analyze changes in function upon altering signaling?
30 Recall: Immune cell responses to signals Make more/different proteins Cytokines Migrate Kill infected cells Heal wound Become a memory cell???? Cell-cell interactions
31 Flow cytometry lets us analyze cell proteins Fluorochrome 1. Isolate cells 2. Label cells with antibodies in different colors 3. Measure amount of each color
32 Energy Level Fluorescence Phycoerythrin (PE): fluorochrome from red algae Absorption Emission (e.g. Fluorescence) Ground State Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from jellyfish Wikimedia Commons: Darekk2/PDB, Zephyris
33 Flow cytometry lets us analyze cell proteins Fluorochrome 1. Isolate cells 2. Label cells with antibodies with different fluorochromes 3. Measure amount of fluorescence
34 Flow cytometry helps us characterize cells based on fluorescence Wikimedia Commons: Kierano, Whimchuck
35 Protein A Fluorescence Immune cells can be identified by specific combinations of proteins they make Memory Cells A B Protein B Fluorescence
36 Proteins can tell us about cell functions Granzyme and Perforin: ability to kill an infected cell Integrins: ability to interact with another cell Cytokine receptors: ability to respond to specific signals and much more!
37 Flow cytometry uses and limitations Responses to Signals: Make more/different proteins Migrate Communicate with other cells Flow Cytometry Flow cytometry gives us a rather static view of a very dynamic (constantly-changing) system.
38 Two-photon intravital microscopy (IVM) Two-Photon: two packets (photons) of energy (light!) Intravital: inside of a living animal Microscopy: visualizing/magnifying small objects
39 Two-photon IVM to study skin immune cells 1. Label cells with fluorescent proteins or fluorochromes. 2. Excite fluorescent proteins deep in the organ using a laser. 3. Take movies with the microscope!
40 It takes up an entire room!
41 What can two-photon IVM show/tell us? Real-time, dynamic readings of: Cell-cell interactions Migration of cells in an environment and more! (if used creatively)
42 Limitations of two-photon IVM Expensive Time-consuming Limited tools/reagents for use currently
43 Part 2 Summary We can manipulate genes or block protein function to modulate signals taken in by immune cells Flow cytometry can reveal the proteins expressed by single cells in the skin Two-photon intravital microscopy allows us to see real-time changes in immune cell function
44 Questions?
45 Brief Intermission
46 Roadmap for the Evening 1. A Resilient Barrier Defense The immune system in the skin 2. The Immunologist s Toolbox How we study skin immunity 3. Generating Memory What do scientists need to know to make better vaccines? (my project!)
47 Recall: Skin memory T cells Important for immune response to pesky pathogens (e.g. Herpes Simplex Virus) Specifically recognize and remember certain pathogens Quickly alert surrounding cells to recruit more help Constantly survey the skin Long-lived
48 How do killer T cells become memory cells?? Generating memory is the basis of most vaccines We want to know how to make better vaccines
49 Useful information for vaccine development 1. What signals do cells receive to become memory cells? 2. Where do these signals come from?
50 Recall: Studying signals in the immune system 1. Change/modify signals Modify production or receipt of signals or responses by immune cells 2. What happens when you alter signals? Monitor functional changes in immune cells as a result of modulating signals
51 What signals are needed to make a memory cell? Hypothesis: A cytokine called TGF-βis needed for killer cells to become memory cells. TGF-β Approach: Block TGF-βor the ability of T cells to respond to TGF-βand see if we make memory cells. TGF-β Receptor?
52 How do we know if we generate memory? Surface-Level Properties: Look by flow cytometry of skin cells for proteins expressed by memory cells A B Function: Upon challenge with a pathogen, see if the animals are able to fend off the bug Wikimedia Commons: Unknown
53 Protein A Fluorescence Recall: Memory cells make protein A and B Memory Cells A B Protein B Fluorescence
54 Protein B Fluorescence What does blocking TGF-βdo to memory cell generation? No blocking of TGF-β Blocking TGF-β Protein A Fluorescence Protein A Fluorescence
55 Useful information for vaccine development 1. What signals do cells receive to become memory cells? TGF-βis one signal 2. Where do these signals come from? Use two-photon IVM to find out!
56 How do we learn more about TGF-βsignals? Require a fluorescent protein/molecule that can report when a T cell receives TGF-βsignals There is a second messenger called Smad which goes into nucleus when a cell receives TGF-βsignals Smad
57 Smad-GFP reports TGF-β signals in T cells Smad GFP *Nucleus marked by red fluorescent protein fused to a nuclear protein* Fusion Protein Reporter Smad GFP
58 Visualizing TGF-β signals in T cells in vivo No signal Signal
59 Visualizing TGF-β signals in T cells Dendritic Cell Smad-GFP/T cell nucleus Control cell nucleus No signal Signal
60 Quantifying the amount of signal over time
61 What can we learn from IVM of Smad? Where and when T cells take up TGF-βsignals How TGF-βsignals might change in different contexts How TGF-βsignals can alter immune cell function Use this information to identify more signals and sources that contribute to creating a memory T cell.
62 Useful information for vaccine development 1. What signals do cells receive to become memory cells? TGF-βis one signal 2. Where do these signals come from? Work in progress!
63 Part 3 Summary TGF-βis an important signal for making memory T cells I study how T cells take in TGF-βsignals using two-photon IVM using fluorescent reporters Studying the nuances of TGF-βsignaling can aid vaccination efforts and beyond
64 Summary Skin immunity is a complex, robust system that maintains a balance and protects from disease Immunologists use a variety of tools to study signaling in the immune system Modulating and studying signaling in immune cells can inform us of approaches to use for vaccination
65 Thank you! SITN would like to acknowledge the following organizations for their generous support. Harvard Medical School Office of Communications and External Relations Division of Medical Sciences The Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) The Harvard Graduate Student Council (GSC) The Harvard/MIT COOP
Understanding basic immunology. Dr Mary Nowlan
Understanding basic immunology Dr Mary Nowlan 1 Immunology Immunology the study of how the body fights disease and infection Immunity State of being able to resist a particular infection or toxin 2 Overview
More informationHow to Spot a Virus. The origins of an immune response. Kevin Bonham Sky Brubaker Jillian Astarita
How to Spot a Virus The origins of an immune response Kevin Bonham Sky Brubaker Jillian Astarita Quick recap Many types of pathogens exist Immune cells have different receptors to see these pathogens Innate
More informationWhat is HIV? Shoba s story. What is HIV?
1 What is HIV? Shoba s story What is HIV? The immune system HIV inside a cell Medicines against HIV The future Answering Shoba s questions Shoba s story Shoba is a fifteen-year-old student in Pakistan.
More informationWhen should scientists keep their mouths shut?
When should scientists keep their mouths shut? Tina Liu Censorship in the past: recombinant DNA research Ann Fiegen Censorship today: A dangerous flu virus created? How and why. Kevin Bonham Weighing the
More informationDefense mechanism against pathogens
Defense mechanism against pathogens Immune System What is immune system? Cells and organs within an animal s body that contribute to immune defenses against pathogens ( ) Bacteria -Major entry points ;open
More informationChapter 3 - The Immune System
Chapter 3 - The Immune System What are germs? We all have heard that washing your hands helps stop the spread of germs What are germs exactly? Germs are disease-causing invaders or organisms, also called
More informationAcquired Immunity Cells are initially and require before they can work Responds to individual microbes
1 of 10 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CHAPTER 43; PAGES 898 921 WHY DO WE NEED AN IMMUNE SYSTEM? It s a dirty, dirty world out there and we are vastly outnumbered Bacteria and parasites are everywhere The body has
More informationNonspecific External Barriers skin, mucous membranes
Immune system Chapter 36 BI 103 Plant-Animal A&P Levels of Defense Against Disease Nonspecific External Barriers skin, mucous membranes Physical barriers? Brainstorm with a partner If these barriers are
More informationImmune response. This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it.
Immune response This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it. It s highly recommended to watch Dr Najeeb s lecture that s titled T Helper cells and
More informationI. First Line of Defense (Non-specific treats all invaders the same)
I. First Line of Defense (Non-specific treats all invaders the same) 1. Invaders must get past skin (2 square meters) and mucous membranes (400 square meters) and into the body. 2. The Body must keep all
More informationGammagauntlet: Fighting Infection
Gammagauntlet: Fighting Infection Student Information Page 1B Introduction: We have all experienced a common cold or other illness - what happens inside your body if you get a really serious infection?
More informationAssignment Discovery An Inside Look at the Flu.
Assignment Discovery An Inside Look at the Flu. BEFORE WATCHING, discuss and write your prior knowledge on these questions: 1. What causes the flu? 2. How can you prevent the flu? 3. Why doesn t everyone
More informationThe Immune System. Specific Immunity
The Immune System Specific Immunity What You Should Know Immune surveillance A range of white blood cells constantly circulate monitoring the tissues. If tissues become damaged or invaded, cells release
More information2/20/2019. The need for adult vaccinations. Update on Adult Immunizations. The Need for Adult Vaccinations. Objectives:
The need for adult vaccinations Update on Adult Immunizations Objectives: Recall the latest recommendations on adult vaccinations Detail the importance of adult vaccinations I m not a kid.. Why are you
More informationImmunity. Chapter 38 Part 1
Immunity Chapter 38 Part 1 Impacts, Issues Frankie s Last Wish Infection with a common, sexually transmitted virus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers including the one that killed Frankie McCullogh 38.1
More informationCH. 24. The Immune System
CH. 24 The Immune System The immune systems consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight infections and protect us from invaders. Pathogens: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fungi 1. Innate (nonspecific)
More informationImmune System. Chapter 40
Immune System Chapter 40 Germ Theory of Disease Idea that microorganisms can cause infectious disease. Disease: any change that disrupts normal body function. What are the 5 main agents that cause disease?
More informationThe Immune System. Protective system that fight disease in the body. Includes parts of the circulatory system and lymph system.
The Immune System Protective system that fight disease in the body. Includes parts of the circulatory system and lymph system. The immune system recognizes, attacks, destroys, and remembers each kind of
More informationI. engulfs and digests pathogens
Name period date assigned date due date returned Match the following vocabulary words to their definition. Please write a capital letter in the blank. 1. pathogen 2. white blood cells 3. macrophage 4.
More informationChapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems
The Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems 1 The Lymphatic Vessels Lymphoid Organs Three functions contribute to homeostasis 1. Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream 2. Help defend the body against
More informationLESSON 4.6 WORKBOOK. Designing an antiviral drug The challenge of HIV
LESSON 4.6 WORKBOOK Designing an antiviral drug The challenge of HIV In the last two lessons we discussed the how the viral life cycle causes host cell damage. But is there anything we can do to prevent
More informationKEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness Germ theory states that microorganisms
More informationLecture 10 Immune System
Lecture 10 Immune System Lecture 10 1. Introduction 2. Nonspecific External Defenses 3. Innate Immune Response 4. Acquired Immune Response 5. Antibiotics and Vaccines 1 The not-so-common cold A cold is
More informationImmune System. How your body goes to war to keep you well
Immune System How your body goes to war to keep you well WATCH OUT! Millions of bacteria and viruses are everywhere. Many aim to find a host and invade the body. HOW CAN WE DEFEND AGAINST IT? The Bad Guys
More informationChapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Bio40C schedule Lecture Immune system Lab Quiz 2 this week; bring a scantron! Study guide on my website (see lab assignments) Extra credit Critical thinking questions at end of chapters 5 pts/chapter Due
More informationChapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Section 1 Phagocytosis plays an important role in the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Review the process
More informationThe Lymphatic System and Immunity. Chapters 20 & 21
The Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapters 20 & 21 Objectives 1. SC.912.L.14.52 - Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and
More informationUNIT 6: PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 31: Immune System and Disease
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationActivity Overview. Gammagauntlet: Fighting Infection Activity 1B CAST YOUR NET: ADVENTURES WITH BLOOD. Activity Objectives: Activity Description:
Gammagauntlet: Fighting Infection Activity 1B Activity Objectives: By simulating the immune response, students will be able to: Differentiate between non-specific and specific immune responses Model the
More informationChapter 37 Section 1: Protecting Against Disease. Key Vocabulary Terms 9
Chapter 37 Section 1: Protecting Against Disease Key Vocabulary Terms 9 Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Pathogen A microorganism, another organism, a virus, or a protein that causes disease; an infectious
More informationChapter 24 The Immune System
Chapter 24 The Immune System The Immune System Layered defense system The skin and chemical barriers The innate and adaptive immune systems Immunity The body s ability to recognize and destroy specific
More informationWednesday, October 19, 16. Viruses
Viruses Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
More informationWhat is the function of blood? MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THREE WAYS: TRANSPORT REGULATION PROTECTION
What is the function of blood? MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THREE WAYS: TRANSPORT REGULATION PROTECTION Components of Blood TRANSPORT Blood maintains homeostasis by transporting: O 2 Co 2 H 2 o Nutrients Waste
More informationPart I. Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents.
Viruses Part I Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents. History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something
More informationAcquired Immunity 2. - Vaccines & Immunological Memory - Wataru Ise. WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) Osaka University.
Acquired Immunity 2 - Vaccines & Immunological Memory - Wataru Ise WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) Osaka University Outline 1. What is vaccine (vaccination)? 2. What is immunological memory?
More informationWhere are we heading?
Unit 5: Where are we heading? Unit 5: Introduction Unit 1: Why should we care about infectious diseases? Unit 2: What does it mean to have an infectious disease? Unit 3: When does a microbe become a pathogen?
More informationImmune System. Grade Level: 4-6
Immune System Grade Level: 4-6 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 4 Activity Page pages 5 Practice Page page 6 Homework Page page 7 Answer Key page 8 9 Classroom Procedure: 1. Ask:
More informationCampbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 24 The Immune System Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 24 The Immune System 24.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The body's innate defenses against infection include A) several nonspecific
More informationLecture 10 Immune System
Lecture 10 Immune System Lecture 10 1. Introduction 2. Nonspecific External Defenses 3. Innate Immune Response 4. Acquired Immune Response 5. Antibiotics and Vaccines 1 The not-so-common cold A cold is
More informationImmune System AP SBI4UP
Immune System AP SBI4UP TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY EXTERNAL DEFENCES INTERNAL DEFENCES HUMORAL RESPONSE Skin Phagocytic Cells CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE Mucus layer Antimicrobial
More informationThe immune system is made up of a complex and vital network of cells and organs that protect the body from infection.
IMMUNE SYSTEM Viruses, bacteria and other germs are all around us. Most of the time, a healthy immune system keeps us well. The purpose of the immune system is to keep infectious micro-organisms, such
More informationPreventing Communicable Diseases
Preventing Communicable Diseases Notes: Welcome to the Health 9 Lesson: Preventing Communicable Diseases. Please click the next button to continue. Notes: There are many ways to prevent communicable diseases.
More informationThe Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease. Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4
The Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4 What is the Immune System? The purpose of the immune system is to: keep infectious microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, viruses,
More informationImmunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1
Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Book chapters: Molecules of the Adaptive Immunity 6 Adaptive Cells and Organs 7 Generation of Immune Diversity Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors - 8 CD markers
More informationLYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS. Chapter 33
LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS Chapter 33 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM The lymphatic system has three main functions Take up excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream Receive fats called lipoproteins
More informationOverview of the Lymphoid System
Overview of the Lymphoid System The Lymphoid System Protects us against disease Lymphoid system cells respond to Environmental pathogens Toxins Abnormal body cells, such as cancers Overview of the Lymphoid
More informationEffector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells
ICI Basic Immunology course Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells Abul K. Abbas, MD UCSF Stages in the development of T cell responses: induction
More informationOutbreak! Grade Level 8
Outbreak! Group Size: Individual Work Time to complete: 45-60 min per day, over 3 days. Outbreak! Grade Level 8 SYNOPSIS Using your knowledge of the body s three levels of defense and the immune system,
More informationImmunity. Chapter 38
Immunity Chapter 38 Impacts, Issues Frankie s Last Wish Infection with a common, sexually transmitted virus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers including the one that killed Frankie McCullogh 38.1 Integrated
More informationChapter Pages Transmission
Chapter 19.2 Pages 442-448 Transmission Immunity There are three lines of defense: 1 The skin and mucous membranes are a nonspecific barrier to infection. 2 Macrophages attack pathogens that enter the
More informationEffector Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Effector Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Immunity Dr. Julia Rempel Section of Hepatology 789-3825 jdrempel@cc.umanitoba.ca 804D JBRC Topics: I. Types of Cell-Mediated Immunity II. Migration of Effector T Lymphocytes
More informationHuman Immune Response. Part 1: innate immunity
Human Immune Response Part 1: innate immunity Our bodies are under constant attack from pathogens A pathogen is an organism that can cause disease Pathogens include: Bacteria Viruses Protists Fungi 6.3.1
More informationBIOH122 Session 8 Non-Specific Disease Resistance
BIOH122 Session 8 Non-Specific Disease Resistance To complete this worksheet, select: Module: Disease Resistance Activity: Animations Title: Non-Specific Disease Resistance Introduction 1. Name five general
More informationOPTIONAL BIOLOGY 1 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.912.L AA
OPTIONAL BIOLOGY 1 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.912.L.14.52 AA SC.912.L.14.52 AA Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines and
More informationMicroLife Review Sheet
Name: KEY Due Date: MicroLife Review Sheet Directions: Complete the review sheet to help study for the unit test. This is only a guide of what will be on the test. Be sure to use this, notes, lab booklet,
More informationInnovating for (and with) the Bottom Billion
Innovating for (and with) the Bottom Billion Karolina Maciag MD/PhD Candidate, Harvard Medical School/MIT Immunology / Health Sciences and Technology www.uaem.org Innovating for (and with) the Bottom Billion
More informationBiology: Life processes are performed at the cellular level
Biology: Life processes are performed at the cellular level What is life? What are its applications? What is the relationship between micro-organisms and macro-organisms? Student Objectives Statement Beginning
More informationImmune System. Biol 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13
Immune System Biol 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13 Outline Immune System I. Function of the Immune system II. Barrier Defenses III. Nonspecific Defenses A. Immune system cells B. Inflammatory response C. Complementary
More informationImmunity and Infection. Chapter 17
Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal
More informationHow and Why do we get sick? The Non-specific Lines of defense
How and Why do we get sick? The Non-specific Lines of defense Disease A possible disruption in homeostasis A lack of stability within the body May be caused by heredity, microorganism, macroorganism, pollutants,
More informationImmunotherapy Narrative Script:
Immunotherapy Narrative Script: In order to understand immunotherapy, there are a few things we need to get straight in our heads first. The first thing we need to get a general understanding of is what
More informationDisease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc.
The Immune System Disease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc. Infectious disease- caused by pathogen Germ theory
More information1. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries. A. ~1% C. ~25% E. ~85% B. ~10% D. ~50%
BIOL2030 Huaman A&P II -- Exam 3 -- XXXX -- Form A Name: 1. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries. A. ~1% C. ~25% E. ~85% B. ~10% D. ~50% 2. Special lymphatic vessels called
More informationBiology. Magic Doctor. Magic Doctor. Topic Two: Immunity. 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what?
Biology Topic Two: Immunity Magic Doctor 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what? Skin, nose, eye lashes, eyelids. 2) White blood cells and red blood cells are produced in
More informationMedical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University
Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve
More informationProf. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology
By Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Lecture objectives: At the end of the lecture you should be able to: Enumerate features that characterize acquired immune response
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exposure to pathogens naturally activates the immune system. Takes days to be effective Pearson Education, Inc.
The innate immune interact with the adaptive immune system 1. Damage to skin causes bleeding = bradykinin activated, resulting in inflammation 2. Dendritic phagocytose pathogens Adaptive immunity 4. Dendritic
More informationSEPUP ITEM BANK. Item Banks TR-253. Multiple choice. Circle the best answer.
Item Banks Name: Teacher: School: Date: SEPUP ITEM BANK UNIT C: CELL BIOLOGY AND DISEASE Multiple choice. Circle the best answer. 1. Which of the following graphs best represents how an infectious disease
More informationChapter 38- Immune System
Chapter 38- Immune System First Line of Defense: Barriers Nonspecific defenses, such as the skin and mucous membranes, are barriers to potential pathogens. In addition to being a physical barrier to pathogens,
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More informationTCR, MHC and coreceptors
Cooperation In Immune Responses Antigen processing how peptides get into MHC Antigen processing involves the intracellular proteolytic generation of MHC binding proteins Protein antigens may be processed
More informationMODULE ONE" TB Basic Science" Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit
MODULE ONE" TB Basic Science" Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit Topics to be covered What is Tuberculosis? TB bacteria and what is unique about it. How is TB different from HIV? How is TB
More informationBody Defense Mechanisms
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of
More informationModule 27: Immune System, Student Learning Guide
Name: Period: Date: Module 27: Immune System, Student Learning Guide Instructions: Work in pairs (share a computer). Make sure that you log in for the first quiz so that you get credit. Go to www.sciencemusicvideos.com.
More informationWhite Blood Cells (WBCs)
YOUR ACTIVE IMMUNE DEFENSES 1 ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE 2! Innate Immunity - invariant (generalized) - early, limited specificity - the first line of defense 1. Barriers - skin, tears 2. Phagocytes - neutrophils,
More informationImmunology: an overview Lecture
Slide #2: Immunology is sometimes regarded as part of microbiology department because it started there as an investigation of ways used to prevent against infectious agents (e.g. microorganisms ). However
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 2 The Immune System Biology/Life Sciences 10.b Students know the role of antibodies in the body s response to infection. Also covers: Biology/Life Sciences 10.a, 10.e, 10.f Components
More informationUnit 1: Lesson 3 The Adaptive Immune System
Unit 1, Lesson 3: Teacher s Edition 1 Unit 1: Lesson 3 The Adaptive Immune System Lesson questions: What are the key features and processes of the adaptive immune system? How does the adaptive immune system
More informationWarm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012.
Warm-up Objective: Explain how antigens react with specific lymphocytes to induce immune response and immunological memory. Warm-up: Which of the following would normally contain blood with the least amount
More informationThe Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately
The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 INNATE IMMUNITY (all animals) Recognition of traits shared
More informationThe Immune System: The Mind Body Connection. Presented by Margaret Kemeny, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
The Immune System: The Mind Body Connection Presented by Margaret Kemeny, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco Psychoneuroimmunology Investigation of the bidirectional
More informationOverview. Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter.
Immunity Overview Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins.
More informationOpening Activity. Make a list of all the diseases and infections you have had.
Opening Activity Make a list of all the diseases and infections you have had. If you have had chicken pox, indicate whether you have had it more than once. Content Objectives I will be able to identify
More informationChapter 43. Immune System. phagocytosis. lymphocytes. AP Biology
Chapter 43. Immune System phagocytosis lymphocytes 1 Why an immune system? Attack from outside lots of organisms want you for lunch! animals must defend themselves against unwelcome invaders viruses protists
More informationImmune System. Biol 105 Chapter 13
Immune System Biol 105 Chapter 13 Outline Immune System I. Function of the Immune system II. Barrier Defenses III. Nonspecific Defenses A. Immune system cells B. Inflammatory response C. Complementary
More informationFOR OPTIMAL GUT HEALTH KEMIN.COM/GUTHEALTH
FOR OPTIMAL GUT HEALTH KEMIN.COM/GUTHEALTH ALETA A SOURCE OF 1,3-BETA GLUCANS Aleta is highly bioavailable, offering a concentration greater than 5% of 1,3-beta glucans. Aleta provides a consistent response
More informationLabor Dr. Gansauge Sedanstraße, Ulm
Labor Dr. Gansauge Sedanstraße, Ulm 3 3 LANEX-DC Immunotherapy with dendritic cells The ability to fight cancer using one s own immune system has been a great dream of medical scientists for centuries.
More informationCutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses. Skin Biology Lecture Series
Cutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses Skin Biology Lecture Series The Immune Response: Innate and Adaptive Components Source: Wolff, Goldsmith, Katz, Gilchrest, Paller, Leffell. Fitzpatrick s Dermatology
More informationLymphatic System. The targets of the immune defenses are infectious organisms such as,, parasites, fungi, and some protists.
Lymphatic System I. Non-specific Defenses The immune system is a body wide network of cells and organs that have evolved to defend the body against attacks by invaders. The targets of the immune defenses
More informationClinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade
Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade Bryan L. Martin, DO, MMAS, FACAAI, FAAAAI, FACOI, FACP Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics President, American College of Allergy,
More informationBlood consists of red and white blood cells suspended in plasma Blood is about 55% plasma and 45% cellular elements Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved
Bio 100 Guide 21 Blood consists of red and white blood cells suspended in plasma Blood is about 55% plasma and 45% cellular elements Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved inorganic ions, proteins, nutrients,
More informationGeneral Biology. A summary of innate and acquired immunity. 11. The Immune System. Repetition. The Lymphatic System. Course No: BNG2003 Credits: 3.
A summary of innate and acquired immunity General iology INNATE IMMUNITY Rapid responses to a broad range of microbes Course No: NG00 Credits:.00 External defenses Invading microbes (pathogens). The Immune
More informationWhat are the functions of the integumentary system? What are some disorders of the integumentary system?
Essential Questions: What are the functions of the integumentary system? What are some disorders of the integumentary system? How are integumentary system disorders treated? How do you relate the integumentary
More informationImmune System and Disease. Chapter 31
Immune System and Disease Chapter 31 31.1 PATHOGENS AND HUMAN ILLNESS Key Concept Germs cause many diseases in humans Microogranisms (microscopic particles) cause certain diseases proposed by Louis Pasteur
More informationInfectious Diseases through Viruses. Obj. 3.c. & 3.g.
Infectious Diseases through Viruses Obj. 3.c. & 3.g. Diseases Caused By Cells A disease is a condition that stops the body from functioning normally. Non-infectious diseases are not spread from person
More information3/28/2012. Immune System. Activation of Innate Immunity. Innate (non-specific) Immunity
Chapter 5 Outline Defense Mechansims Functions of B Lymphocytes Functions of T Lymphocytes Active and Passive Immunity Tumor Immunology Diseases Caused By Immune System Immune System Anatomy - Lymphoid
More information2.1 VIRUSES. 2.1 Learning Goals
2.1 VIRUSES 2.1 Learning Goals To understand the structure, function, and how Viruses replicate To understand the difference between Viruses to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; namely that viruses are not classified
More informationLESSONS 5.1 & 5.2 WORKBOOK
Macrophage Macrophage. LESSONS 5.1 & 5.2 WORKBOOK Our body s barriers the innate immune system In Unit 5 we are going to explore how the body responds to infection and how pathogens bypass these responses.
More informationThe Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types *
OpenStax-CNX module: m46560 1 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
More informationAll animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 In innate immunity, recognition and
More information