HIV Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "HIV Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies"

Transcription

1 ,**/ The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research : HIV HIV Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies * Junji SHIBATA and Shuzo MATSUSHITA * Division of Clinical Retrovirology and Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University human immunodeficiency virus : HIV gp+,* SU gp.+ TM ENV HIV gp+,* gp.+ HIV, Env gp.+ +, HIV Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity : ADCC HIV -,. HIV HIV gp+,* variable region V+ V/ loop conserved region C+ C/ gp.+ / gp+,* : 20* *2++,, +,**/ 2 -* CD. CCR/ CXCR. gp.+ HIV + + CD. CD. binding domain ; CD.bd CD. CD. induced ; CD.i V, V- gp+,* gp.+ HIV + CD.bd gp+,* CD. HIV HIV CD.bd Tcell tropic primary isolate CD.bd HIV IgG+b+, HIV gp+,* primary isolate CD.bd in vivo 0 Haynes IgGb+, HIV gp.+,f/.e+* 1 IgGb+, +0+ 1

2 J Shibata and S Matsushita : Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies + HIV-+ gp+,* CD.-bindig domain IgGb+,, //3/0.D, +/e IgGb+, gp+,* CD.-induced epitope +1b,.2D Fab gp+,* a+, mannose,g+, gp+,* V, loop 031D gp+,* V- loop..1-/,d,,+2,, *./b gp.+ transmembrane,f/,.e+*, Z+- Cardiolipin + HIV CD.bd gp+,* T 2 gp+,* CD.bd, CD.i HIV CD.i 3 gp+,* CD. CD.i soluble CD. CD.i +1b gp+,* V+ V, stem b-strand C. primary isolate Fab fragment +* CD.i HIV CD. HIV Fab whole IgG - V, V, V, V, V+ V, V+ V, ++ V- +, +0, 2

3 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 1 No. -,**/. V- V, V- V- HIV V-..1-/,D V- tip B /* V- V- V- V, -* -/ tip type II turn V- HIV NMR V- +- X. V- CXCR. SDF-+ +. HIV V- HIV V- V- HIV / gp+,* gp+,*,g+, primary isolate 0 gp.+ gp+,* CD. gp.+ HIV gp.+,f/.e+* g.+ Cardiolipin polyspecific autoantibody 1 CDR- HIV Simian immunodeficiency virus : SIV B +/. escape mutant in vivo HIV escape mutant escape mutant +0 long term non-progressor : LTNP +2 LTNP HIV HIV +0-3

4 J Shibata and S Matsushita : Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies Env HIV /* HIV Env HIV +0 ENV Wei +0 Wang C- HIV +3 HIV LTNP +2 SIV,*,,+ HIV HIV gp+,* HIV,, HIV gp+,* gp.+,- Env gp+,* V, loop Env,. gp+,* V- rabbit HIV,/ HIV HIV CD. HIV HIV CD.,0 + Zwick MB et al :Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeted to the membrane-proximal external region of human immunodeficiency virus type + glycoprotein gp.+. J Virol 1/, +*23, +*3*/,,**+., Dimmock NJ : Neutralization of animal viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol +2- : + +.3, Tyler DS et al :Identification of sites within gp.+ that serve as targets for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by using human monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol +./ : -,10 -,2,, +33*.. Koup RA et al :Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed by a human monoclonal antibody reactive with gp+,* of HIV-+. AIDS / : +-*3 +-+., / Kwong PD et al :Oligomeric modeling and electrostatic analysis of the gp+,* envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 1. : ,,,***. 0 Kessler JA et al :Recombinant human monoclonal antibody IgGb+, neutralizes diverse human immunodeficiency virus type + primary isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses +- : /1/ /2,, *

5 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 1 No. -,**/ 1 Haynes BF et al :Cardiolipoin polyspecific autoreactivity in two broadly neutralizing HIV-+ antibodies. Science -*2 : +3*0 +3*2,,**/. 2 Hioe CE et al :Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type + gp+,* presentation to CD. Tcells by antibodies specific for the CD. binding domain of gp+,*. J Virol 1/ : +*3/* +*3/1,,**+. 3 Decker JM et al :Antigenic conservation and immunogenicity of the HIV coreceptor binding site. J Exp Med,*+ : +.*1 +.+3,,**/. +* Labrijn AF et al :Access of antibody molecules to the conserved coreceptor binding site on glycoprotein gp+,* is sterically restricted on primary human immunodeficiency virus type +. JVirol 11 : +*//1 +*/0/,,**-. ++ Cao J et al :Replication and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type + lacking the V+ and V, variable loops of the gp+,* envelope glycoprotein. J Virol 1+ : 32*2 32+,, , Pinter A et al :TheV+/V, domain of gp+,* is a global regulator of the sensitivity of primary human immunodeficiency virus type + isolates to neutralization by antibodies commonly induced upon infection. J Virol 12 : /,*/ /,+/,,**.. +- Sharon M et al :Alternative conformations of HIV-+ V- loops mimic b hairpin in chemokines, suggestion a mechanism for coreceptor selectivity. Structure ++ :,,/,-0,,**-. +. Yonezawa A et al :Replacement of the V- region of gp +,* with SDF-+ preserves the infectivity of T-cell line tropic human immunodeficiency virus type +. J Virol 1/ :.,/2.,10,,**+. +/ Schmitz JE et al :E#ect of humoral immune responses on controlling viremia during primary infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 11 :,+0/,+1-,,**-. +0 Wei X et al :Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-+. Nature.,, : -*1 -+,,,**-. +1 Scarlatti G et al :Interplay of HIV-+ phenotype and neutralizing antibody response in pathogenesis of AIDS. Immunol Lett /+ :,-,2, Pilgrim AK et al :Neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type + in primary infection and long-term-nonprogressive infection. J Infec Dis +10 : 3,. 3-,, Wang FX et al :Emergence of autologous neutralization-resistant variants from preexisting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quasi species during virus rebound in HIV type +-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infec Dis +2/ : 0*2 0+1,,**,.,* Shibata R et al :Neutralizing antibody directed against the HIV-+ envelope glycoprotein can completely block HIV-+/SIV chimeric virus infections of macaque monkeys. Nat Med / :,*.,+*, +333.,+ Emini EA et al :Prevention of HIV-+ infection in chimpanzees by gp+,* V- domain-specific monoclonal antibody. Nature -// : 1,2 1-*, +33,.,, Zwick MB et al :Neutralization synergy of human immunodeficiency virus type + primary isolates by cocktails of broadly neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 1/ : +,+32 +,,*2,,**+.,- Li H et al :Recombinant multi-envelope vaccine induce predefined epitope-specific antibodies against HIV-+. Immunol Lett 2. : +/- +/1,,**,.,. Barnett SW et al :The ability of an oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type + (HIV-+) envelope antigen to elicit neutralizing antibodies against primary HIV-+ isolates is improved following partial deletion of the second hypervariable region. J Virol 1/ : //,0 //.*,,**+.,/ Keller PM et al :Identification of HIV vaccine candidate peptides by screening randam phage epitope libraries. Virology +3- : 1*3 1+0, +33-.,0 Douek D et al :HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD. Tcells. Nature.+1 : 3/ 32,,**,. +0/ ++

Challenges in Designing HIV Env Immunogens for Developing a Vaccine

Challenges in Designing HIV Env Immunogens for Developing a Vaccine b514_chapter-13.qxd 12/4/2007 3:39 PM Page 327 Chapter 13 Challenges in Designing HIV Env Immunogens for Developing a Vaccine Indresh K. Srivastava* and R. Holland Cheng Summary HIV continues to be a major

More information

2005 LANDES BIOSCIENCE. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE.

2005 LANDES BIOSCIENCE. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. [Human Vaccines 1:2, 45-60; March/April 2005]; 2005 Landes Bioscience Review Role of Neutralizing Antibodies in Protective Immunity Against HIV Indresh K. Srivastava* Jeffrey B. Ulmer Susan W. Barnett

More information

Glycosylation of the ENV Spike of Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses and Antibody Neutralization

Glycosylation of the ENV Spike of Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses and Antibody Neutralization Current HIV Research, 2004, 2, 243-254 243 Glycosylation of the ENV Spike of Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses and Antibody Neutralization Cheryl A. Pikora *1,2 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Children

More information

Fayth K. Yoshimura, Ph.D. September 7, of 7 HIV - BASIC PROPERTIES

Fayth K. Yoshimura, Ph.D. September 7, of 7 HIV - BASIC PROPERTIES 1 of 7 I. Viral Origin. A. Retrovirus - animal lentiviruses. HIV - BASIC PROPERTIES 1. HIV is a member of the Retrovirus family and more specifically it is a member of the Lentivirus genus of this family.

More information

The Rational Design of an AIDS Vaccine

The Rational Design of an AIDS Vaccine Leading Edge Essay The Rational Design of an AIDS Vaccine Daniel C. Douek, 1 Peter D. Kwong, 1 and Gary J. Nabel 1, * 1 Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Room 4502, Building

More information

Antibody Responses to HIV-1 gp120 Hypervariable Regions in Six Long-Term Non-Progressors

Antibody Responses to HIV-1 gp120 Hypervariable Regions in Six Long-Term Non-Progressors American Journal of Infectious Diseases Original Research Paper Antibody Responses to HIV-1 gp120 Hypervariable Regions in Six Long-Term Non-Progressors 1 Rebecca Rivera, 1 Kyung Hee Kang, 2 Murray B.

More information

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotxic activity: Past and Future. Guido Ferrari, M.D. Duke University Medical Center

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotxic activity: Past and Future. Guido Ferrari, M.D. Duke University Medical Center Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotxic activity: Past and Future Guido Ferrari, M.D. Duke University Medical Center Mechanism of Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) ADCC Effector Cells (NK, monocytes/macrophages,

More information

On an individual level. Time since infection. NEJM, April HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures

On an individual level. Time since infection. NEJM, April HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures BISC 441 guest lecture Zabrina Brumme, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/understanding/biology/structure.htm

More information

DEBATE ON HIV ENVELOPE AS A T CELL IMMUNOGEN HAS BEEN GAG-GED

DEBATE ON HIV ENVELOPE AS A T CELL IMMUNOGEN HAS BEEN GAG-GED DEBATE ON HIV ENVELOPE AS A T CELL IMMUNOGEN HAS BEEN GAG-GED Viv Peut Kent Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Australia WHY ENVELOPE? Env subject to both humoral and cellular immune responses Perhaps

More information

Immunogens and Antigen Processing: Report from a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise Working Group

Immunogens and Antigen Processing: Report from a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise Working Group report Immunogens and Antigen Processing: Report from a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise Working Group John Mascola, C Richter King & Ralph Steinman on behalf of a Working Group convened by the Global HIV

More information

Are we targeting the right HIV determinants?

Are we targeting the right HIV determinants? QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (non compressé) sont requis pour visionner cette image. AIDS Vaccine 2009 October 22 nd 2009 - Paris Are we targeting the right HIV determinants? Françoise BARRÉ-SINOUSSI

More information

How HIV Causes Disease Prof. Bruce D. Walker

How HIV Causes Disease Prof. Bruce D. Walker How HIV Causes Disease Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 1 The global AIDS crisis 60 million infections 20 million deaths 2 3 The screen versions of

More information

The author hereby certifies that the use of any copyrighted material in the dissertation entitled:

The author hereby certifies that the use of any copyrighted material in the dissertation entitled: The author hereby certifies that the use of any copyrighted material in the dissertation entitled: Characterization and Enhanced Processing of Soluble, Oligomeric gp140 Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from

More information

HIV Vaccines: Basic Science

HIV Vaccines: Basic Science Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health HIV Vaccines: Basic Science Richard A. Koup, MD 6 th INTEREST Workshop

More information

Identification of Mutation(s) in. Associated with Neutralization Resistance. Miah Blomquist

Identification of Mutation(s) in. Associated with Neutralization Resistance. Miah Blomquist Identification of Mutation(s) in the HIV 1 gp41 Subunit Associated with Neutralization Resistance Miah Blomquist What is HIV 1? HIV-1 is an epidemic that affects over 34 million people worldwide. HIV-1

More information

NK mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV infections

NK mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV infections NK mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV infections Amy Chung Dr. Ivan Stratov Prof. Stephen Kent ADCC process consists of Target cell QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) FcγR decompressor

More information

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virion Genome Genes and proteins Viruses and hosts Diseases Distinctive characteristics Viruses and hosts Lentivirus from Latin lentis (slow), for slow progression of disease

More information

Crystal structure of the neutralizing antibody HK20 in complex with its gp41 antigen

Crystal structure of the neutralizing antibody HK20 in complex with its gp41 antigen Crystal structure of the neutralizing antibody HK20 in complex with its gp41 antigen David Lutje Hulsik Unit for Virus Host Cell Interaction UMI 3265 University Joseph Fourier-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble Env catalyzed

More information

HIV and Challenges of Vaccine Development

HIV and Challenges of Vaccine Development Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health HIV and Challenges of Vaccine Development Richard A. Koup, MD INTEREST

More information

Received 9 June 1997/Accepted 7 October 1997

Received 9 June 1997/Accepted 7 October 1997 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Jan. 1998, p. 286 293 Vol. 72, No. 1 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Directed against Cells Expressing

More information

EMERGING ISSUES IN THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HIV. (Summary of the recommendations from an Enterprise Working Group)

EMERGING ISSUES IN THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HIV. (Summary of the recommendations from an Enterprise Working Group) AIDS Vaccine 07, Seattle, August 20-23, 2007 EMERGING ISSUES IN THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HIV (Summary of the recommendations from an Enterprise Working Group) The Working Group Reston, Virginia,

More information

The challenge of an HIV vaccine from the antibody perspective. Dennis Burton The Scripps Research Institute

The challenge of an HIV vaccine from the antibody perspective. Dennis Burton The Scripps Research Institute The challenge of an HIV vaccine from the antibody perspective Dennis Burton The Scripps Research Institute AIDS Pandemic Nov 2005 North America 1.2 million [650 000 1.8 million] Caribbean 300 000 [200

More information

Antibody gene transfer for HIV immunoprophylaxis

Antibody gene transfer for HIV immunoprophylaxis Antibody gene transfer for HIV immunoprophylaxis Alejandro B Balazs & Anthony P West Jr Antibody gene transfer, which involves the delivery of genes that encode potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies

More information

, virus identified as the causative agent and ELISA test produced which showed the extent of the epidemic

, virus identified as the causative agent and ELISA test produced which showed the extent of the epidemic 1 Two attributes make AIDS unique among infectious diseases: it is uniformly fatal, and most of its devastating symptoms are not due to the causative agent Male to Male sex is the highest risk group in

More information

A PROJECT ON HIV INTRODUCED BY. Abdul Wahab Ali Gabeen Mahmoud Kamal Singer

A PROJECT ON HIV INTRODUCED BY. Abdul Wahab Ali Gabeen Mahmoud Kamal Singer A PROJECT ON HIV INTRODUCED BY Abdul Wahab Ali Gabeen Mahmoud Kamal Singer Introduction: Three groups of nations have been identified in which the epidemiology of HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) varies:

More information

From Antibody to Vaccine a Tale of Structural Biology and Epitope Scaffolds

From Antibody to Vaccine a Tale of Structural Biology and Epitope Scaffolds Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services From Antibody to Vaccine a Tale

More information

Does A Significant Change in CD4 Cell Count Affect The Number of Amino Acid Mutations In A Subject s Corresponding DNA Sequence

Does A Significant Change in CD4 Cell Count Affect The Number of Amino Acid Mutations In A Subject s Corresponding DNA Sequence Does A Significant Change in CD4 Cell Count Affect The Number of Amino Acid Mutations In A Subject s Corresponding DNA Sequence Courtney Merriam and Shivum Desai Biology 368: Bioinformatics Loyola Marymount

More information

An Evolutionary Story about HIV

An Evolutionary Story about HIV An Evolutionary Story about HIV Charles Goodnight University of Vermont Based on Freeman and Herron Evolutionary Analysis The Aids Epidemic HIV has infected 60 million people. 1/3 have died so far Worst

More information

GOVX-B11: A Clade B HIV Vaccine for the Developed World

GOVX-B11: A Clade B HIV Vaccine for the Developed World GeoVax Labs, Inc. 19 Lake Park Drive Suite 3 Atlanta, GA 3 (678) 384-72 GOVX-B11: A Clade B HIV Vaccine for the Developed World Executive summary: GOVX-B11 is a Clade B HIV vaccine targeted for use in

More information

Downloaded by on April 28, 2018 https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: April 24, 1984 doi: /bk

Downloaded by on April 28, 2018 https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: April 24, 1984 doi: /bk 1 Virus-Receptor Interactions BERNARD N. FIELDS Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease), Brigham and Women's Hospital,

More information

Min Levine, Ph. D. Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 18, 2015 NIBSC

Min Levine, Ph. D. Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 18, 2015 NIBSC Workshop on Immunoassay Standardization for Universal Flu Vaccines Min Levine, Ph. D. Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention June 18, 2015 NIBSC 1 Multiple Immune Mechanisms Contribute

More information

Progress on new vaccine strategies against chronic viral infections

Progress on new vaccine strategies against chronic viral infections Progress on new vaccine strategies against chronic viral infections Jay A. Berzofsky,, Masaki Terabe, Igor M. Belyakov J Clin Invest. 2004;114(4):450-462. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci22674. Review Among

More information

HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development

HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development International AIDS Society USA Topics in HIV Medicine HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development Amitinder Kaur, MD, and R. Paul Johnson, MD Continuing the trend of recent years, the 10th Conference on Retroviruses

More information

YUMI YAMAGUCHI-KABATA AND TAKASHI GOJOBORI* Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima , Japan

YUMI YAMAGUCHI-KABATA AND TAKASHI GOJOBORI* Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima , Japan JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, May 2000, p. 4335 4350 Vol. 74, No. 9 0022-538X/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Reevaluation of Amino Acid Variability of the Human

More information

A Query by HIV. I. A query by HIV. II. Recursion

A Query by HIV. I. A query by HIV. II. Recursion A Query by HIV I. A query by HIV Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a kind of lentivirus (lenti- means "slow") that belongs to the Retroviridae family. HIV is known for slow disease progression. In

More information

Regional Clustering of Shared Neutralization Determinants on Primary Isolates of Clade C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from South Africa

Regional Clustering of Shared Neutralization Determinants on Primary Isolates of Clade C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from South Africa JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Mar. 2002, p. 2233 2244 Vol. 76, No. 5 0022-538X/02/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.5.2233 2244.2002 Copyright 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Regional Clustering

More information

HIV/AIDS: vaccines and alternate strategies for treatment and prevention

HIV/AIDS: vaccines and alternate strategies for treatment and prevention Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Online Meeting Report HIV/AIDS: vaccines and alternate strategies for treatment and prevention Yegor Voronin 1 and Sanjay

More information

Escaich Sonia, COO BIOSANTECH SA.

Escaich Sonia, COO BIOSANTECH SA. Escaich Sonia, COO SA. Transactivator of transcription (Tat) of HIV-1 is essential for the viral gene expression and productive infection Tat protein expression is a first step of the virus life cycle

More information

Micro 301 HIV/AIDS. Since its discovery 31 years ago 12/3/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has killed >32 million people

Micro 301 HIV/AIDS. Since its discovery 31 years ago 12/3/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has killed >32 million people Micro 301 HIV/AIDS Shiu-Lok Hu hus@uw.edu December 3, 2012 Since its discovery 31 years ago Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has killed >32 million people In 2011 34.0 million [31.4 35.9 million]

More information

Isolation of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody with Low Somatic Mutation from a Chronically Infected HIV-1 Patient

Isolation of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody with Low Somatic Mutation from a Chronically Infected HIV-1 Patient Isolation of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody with Low Somatic Mutation from a Chronically Infected HIV-1 Patient Amanda Fabra García, Carolina Beltrán Pavez, Alberto Merino Mansilla, Cristina Xufré, Isabel

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Walker et al. 1.173/pnas.111753118 - JR-CSF 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 blank beads protein A beads JR-FL - 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 - MGRM-C26 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 reciprocal serum

More information

Development of Broadly Reactive HIV-1/AIDS Virus-like Particle Vaccines. Sean Patrick McBurney. B.S. Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, 2004

Development of Broadly Reactive HIV-1/AIDS Virus-like Particle Vaccines. Sean Patrick McBurney. B.S. Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, 2004 Development of Broadly Reactive HIV-1/AIDS Virus-like Particle Vaccines by Sean Patrick McBurney B.S. Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, 2004 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Medicine

More information

A V3 Loop-Dependent gp120 Element Disrupted by CD4 Binding Stabilizes the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer

A V3 Loop-Dependent gp120 Element Disrupted by CD4 Binding Stabilizes the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Virology Papers Virology, Nebraska Center for 4-2010 A V3 Loop-Dependent gp120 Element Disrupted by CD4 Binding Stabilizes

More information

We are IntechOpen, the first native scientific publisher of Open Access books. International authors and editors. Our authors are among the TOP 1%

We are IntechOpen, the first native scientific publisher of Open Access books. International authors and editors. Our authors are among the TOP 1% We are IntechOpen, the first native scientific publisher of Open Access books 3,350 108,000 1.7 M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 151 Countries

More information

Preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines. Markus Bickel Infektiologikum Frankfurt

Preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines. Markus Bickel Infektiologikum Frankfurt Preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines Markus Bickel Infektiologikum Frankfurt No conflicts to declare Disclosures Background FAQ: by patients and colleagues Publication about promising results, especially

More information

CD4 T Cell Decline Is Not Associated With Amino Acid Changes in HIV-1 gp120

CD4 T Cell Decline Is Not Associated With Amino Acid Changes in HIV-1 gp120 CD4 T Cell Decline Is Not Associated With Amino Acid Changes in HIV-1 gp120 Colin Wikholm and Isai Lopez BIOL 368: Bioinformatics Laboratory Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University November 15,

More information

PEPTIDE MARKERS FOR THE HIV-1 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY 4ElO. Sondra Lynne Bahr B. Sc., Simon Fraser University, 2000

PEPTIDE MARKERS FOR THE HIV-1 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY 4ElO. Sondra Lynne Bahr B. Sc., Simon Fraser University, 2000 PEPTIDE MARKERS FOR THE HIV-1 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY 4ElO Sondra Lynne Bahr B. Sc., Simon Fraser University, 2000 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF

More information

It has been 25 years since HIV-1 was identified as the causative

It has been 25 years since HIV-1 was identified as the causative Vol 4j2 October 8jdoi:.38/nature732 Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine Dan H. Barouch 1 The development of a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccine is a critically

More information

Monte Carlo Simulation of HIV-1 Evolution in Response to Selection by Antibodies

Monte Carlo Simulation of HIV-1 Evolution in Response to Selection by Antibodies Monte Carlo Simulation of HIV-1 Evolution in Response to Selection by Antibodies Jack da Silva North Carolina Supercomputing Center, MCNC, Research Triangle Park, NC; jdasilva@ncsc.org Austin Hughes Department

More information

Removal of N-Linked Glycosylation Sites in the V1 Region of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Results in Redirection of B-Cell Responses to V3

Removal of N-Linked Glycosylation Sites in the V1 Region of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Results in Redirection of B-Cell Responses to V3 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Feb. 2004, p. 1525 1539 Vol. 78, No. 3 0022-538X/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.3.1525 1539.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Removal of

More information

Carbohydrate-based strategies of antiviral therapeutics

Carbohydrate-based strategies of antiviral therapeutics Carbohydrate-based strategies of antiviral therapeutics Prof. Jan Balzarini Rega Institute for Medical Research B-3000 Leuven, Belgium VII Jornadas de la Sociedad Espanola de Química Terapéutica, Sitges,

More information

Strategies for an HIV vaccine

Strategies for an HIV vaccine Strategies for an HIV vaccine Norman L. Letvin J Clin Invest. 2002;110(1):15-27. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci15985. Perspective The development of an HIV vaccine poses an unprecedented challenge to the

More information

Manish Sagar, 1,2 Xueling Wu, 2 Sandra Lee, 3 and Julie Overbaugh 2 *

Manish Sagar, 1,2 Xueling Wu, 2 Sandra Lee, 3 and Julie Overbaugh 2 * JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Oct. 2006, p. 9586 9598 Vol. 80, No. 19 0022-538X/06/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jvi.00141-06 Copyright 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Human Immunodeficiency

More information

Pathogenesis of HIV: non-specific immune hyperactivity and its implications for vaccines

Pathogenesis of HIV: non-specific immune hyperactivity and its implications for vaccines ORIGINAL PAPERS Pathogenesis of HIV: non-specific immune hyperactivity and its implications for vaccines Martin Cadogan and Angus G Dalgleish ABSTRACT More than a decade ago, the pathogenesis of AIDS was

More information

Novel Vaccine Products for Planned Phase I Immunogenicity Studies in Infants

Novel Vaccine Products for Planned Phase I Immunogenicity Studies in Infants Office of AIDS Research Novel Vaccine Products for Planned Phase I Immunogenicity Studies in Infants L. Jean Patterson, PhD Office of AIDS Research, NIH February 7, 2017 Office of AIDS Research OAR Responsibilities

More information

RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:

RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: To Distinguish Self from Non-Self Thereby Protecting Us From Our Hostile Environment. Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Innate immunity: (Antigen - nonspecific) defense

More information

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 2011, p. 6906 6912 Vol. 85, No. 14 0022-538X/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jvi.00326-11 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated

More information

MID 36. Cell. HIV Life Cycle. HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion HIV Entry. Life Cycle of HIV HIV Entry. Scott M. Hammer, M.D.

MID 36. Cell. HIV Life Cycle. HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion HIV Entry. Life Cycle of HIV HIV Entry. Scott M. Hammer, M.D. Life Cycle Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Scott M. Hammer, M.D. -1 Virion Entry Life Cycle of Entry -1 virion -1 Virus virion envelope Cell membrane receptor RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUS REVERSE Co- TRANSCRIPTION

More information

What is the place of the monoclonal antibodies in the clinic?

What is the place of the monoclonal antibodies in the clinic? What is the place of the monoclonal antibodies in the clinic? Dr Julià Blanco 2018/04/26 DISCLOSURE AlbaJuna Therapeutics, S.L. ANTIBODIES IN HIV INFECTION. ANTIVIRAL (NEUTRALIZING) ACTIVITY env THE BROADLY

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. ALVAC-protein vaccines and macaque immunization. (A) Maximum likelihood

Supplementary Figure 1. ALVAC-protein vaccines and macaque immunization. (A) Maximum likelihood Supplementary Figure 1. ALVAC-protein vaccines and macaque immunization. (A) Maximum likelihood tree illustrating CRF01_AE gp120 protein sequence relationships between 107 Envs sampled in the RV144 trial

More information

ARV Mode of Action. Mode of Action. Mode of Action NRTI. Immunopaedia.org.za

ARV Mode of Action. Mode of Action. Mode of Action NRTI. Immunopaedia.org.za ARV Mode of Action Mode of Action Mode of Action - NRTI Mode of Action - NNRTI Mode of Action - Protease Inhibitors Mode of Action - Integrase inhibitor Mode of Action - Entry Inhibitors Mode of Action

More information

Therapeutic strategies for immune reconstitution in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Therapeutic strategies for immune reconstitution in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 30 1, 1, 2, 3 1. ( ), 201508; 2., 200040; 3., 200032 : ( AIDS) ( HIV) 20 90,,,,,, AIDS, CD4 + T ( CTL), HIV, : ; ; Therapeutic strategies for immune reconstitution in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

More information

Emerging Viruses. Part IIb Follow Up from Part I Vaccines and Inhibitors

Emerging Viruses. Part IIb Follow Up from Part I Vaccines and Inhibitors Emerging Viruses Part IIb Follow Up from Part I Vaccines and Inhibitors Cellular Responses to Viral Invasion: Restriction Factors Cells fight viral infection using a series of restriction factors Restriction

More information

Prevention of infection 2 : immunisation. How infection influences the host : viruses. Peter

Prevention of infection 2 : immunisation. How infection influences the host : viruses. Peter Prevention of infection 2 : immunisation How infection influences the host : viruses Peter Balfe, p.balfe@bham.ac.uk @pbalfeuk Let s have some LO s just for fun 1. Define the Immune response to viruses,

More information

Recombinant Baculovirus Derived HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles Elicit Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses

Recombinant Baculovirus Derived HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles Elicit Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses Recombinant Baculovirus Derived HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles Elicit Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses Weimin Liu University of Alabama at Birmingham Introduction and Rationale Virus-like particles (VLPs)

More information

AIDSVaccine2010 Atlanta, Georgia Willy Bogers. NIH HIVRad Grant nr 5P01AI066287

AIDSVaccine2010 Atlanta, Georgia Willy Bogers. NIH HIVRad Grant nr 5P01AI066287 HIV-1 envelope-cd4 receptor complexes elicit broad T- and B- cell immune responses as well as cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in Rhesus macaques NIH HIVRad Grant nr 5P01AI066287 AIDSVaccine2010

More information

Anti-DC-SIGN/CD209 murine monoclonal antibodies

Anti-DC-SIGN/CD209 murine monoclonal antibodies Anti-DC-SIGN/CD209 murine monoclonal antibodies DC-SIGN (DC Specific, ICAM-3 Grabbing, Nonintegrin) / CD209 and L-SIGN (liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin CD299/ DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related

More information

Lecture 11. Immunology and disease: parasite antigenic diversity

Lecture 11. Immunology and disease: parasite antigenic diversity Lecture 11 Immunology and disease: parasite antigenic diversity RNAi interference video and tutorial (you are responsible for this material, so check it out.) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/02.html

More information

Alternate Antibody-Based Therapeutic Strategies To Purge the HIV Cell Reservoir

Alternate Antibody-Based Therapeutic Strategies To Purge the HIV Cell Reservoir Alternate Antibody-Based Therapeutic Strategies To Purge the HIV Cell Reservoir Giuseppe Pantaleo, M.D. Professor of Medicine Head, Division of Immunology and Allergy Executive Director, Swiss Vaccine

More information

A VACCINE FOR HIV BIOE 301 LECTURE 10 MITALI BANERJEE HAART

A VACCINE FOR HIV BIOE 301 LECTURE 10 MITALI BANERJEE HAART BIOE 301 LECTURE 10 MITALI BANERJEE A VACCINE FOR HIV HIV HAART Visit wikipedia.org and learn the mechanism of action of the five classes of antiretroviral drugs. (1) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)

More information

Boosts Following Priming with gp120 DNA

Boosts Following Priming with gp120 DNA Neutralizing Antibody Responses Induced with V3-scaffold Protein Boosts Following Priming with gp120 DNA Susan Zolla-Pazner NYU School of Medicine Problems with Whole Env Immunogens Poor induction of Abs

More information

Nina R. Derby 11/12/2013 CURRICULUM VITAE

Nina R. Derby 11/12/2013 CURRICULUM VITAE CURRICULUM VITAE Nina Rafterman Derby Population Council Center for Biomedical Research 1230 York Avenue New York, NY 10065 Tel: 212 327 8737 Email: ndevine@popcouncil.org PERSONAL DATA Born: November

More information

Delay of HIV-1 rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy through passive transfer of human neutralizing antibodies

Delay of HIV-1 rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy through passive transfer of human neutralizing antibodies Delay of HIV-1 rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy through passive transfer of human neutralizing antibodies Alexandra Trkola 1, Herbert Kuster 1, Peter Rusert 1, Beda Joos 1, Marek Fischer

More information

HIV Pathogenesis and Natural History. Peter W. Hunt, MD Associate Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco

HIV Pathogenesis and Natural History. Peter W. Hunt, MD Associate Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco HIV Pathogenesis and Natural History Peter W. Hunt, MD Associate Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco Learning Objectives Describe key features of HIV pathogenesis and natural history

More information

Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Eradication

Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Eradication DOI 10.1007/s11904-016-0299-7 HIV PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT (AL LANDAY, SECTION EDITOR) Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Eradication Kathryn E. Stephenson 1,2 & Dan H. Barouch 1,2 # The Author(s)

More information

CDC site UNAIDS Aids Knowledge Base http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite.jsp?page=kb National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases http://www.niaid.nih.gov/default.htm

More information

Nonsynonymous Amino Acid Mutations in gp120 Binding Sites are Related to Progression of HIV-1

Nonsynonymous Amino Acid Mutations in gp120 Binding Sites are Related to Progression of HIV-1 Nonsynonymous Amino Acid Mutations in gp120 Binding Sites are Related to Progression of HIV-1 Matthew Allegretti and Anindita Varshneya BIOL 368: Bioinformatics Laboratory Loyola Marymount University November

More information

Broad and Potent Neutralizing Antibodies from an African Donor Reveal a New HIV-1 Vaccine Target

Broad and Potent Neutralizing Antibodies from an African Donor Reveal a New HIV-1 Vaccine Target Broad and Potent Neutralizing Antibodies from an African Donor Reveal a New HIV-1 Vaccine Target Laura M. Walker, 1 * Sanjay K. Phogat, 2 * Po-Ying Chan-Hui, 3 Denise Wagner, 2 Pham Phung, 4 Julie L. Goss,

More information

Analysis of protein modeling for envelope glycoprotein GP120 for HIV via bioinformatics approaches

Analysis of protein modeling for envelope glycoprotein GP120 for HIV via bioinformatics approaches International Research Journal of Virology Vol. 1(1), pp. 002-006, March, 2014. www.premierpublishers.org ISSN: 2326-7193x IRJV Research Article Analysis of protein modeling for envelope glycoprotein GP120

More information

HIV 101: Fundamentals of HIV Infection

HIV 101: Fundamentals of HIV Infection HIV 101: Fundamentals of HIV Infection David H. Spach, MD Professor of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington Learning Objectives After attending this presentation, learners will be able

More information

Treatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4 + T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques

Treatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4 + T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR: Treatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4 + T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques Lia Vassena, 1,2 Huiyi Miao, 1 Raffaello Cimbro,

More information

Citation for published version (APA): Von Eije, K. J. (2009). RNAi based gene therapy for HIV-1, from bench to bedside

Citation for published version (APA): Von Eije, K. J. (2009). RNAi based gene therapy for HIV-1, from bench to bedside UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) RNAi based gene therapy for HIV-1, from bench to bedside Von Eije, K.J. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Von Eije, K. J. (2009). RNAi based

More information

NIH-FUNDED AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH A Critical Review. by Gregg Gonsalves. March Treatment Action Group

NIH-FUNDED AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH A Critical Review. by Gregg Gonsalves. March Treatment Action Group NIH-FUNDED AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH A Critical Review by Gregg Gonsalves March 2000 Treatment Action Group Gregg Gonsalves is the Policy Director for the Treatment Action Group. He is the author of TAG's

More information

Immunodeficiency. (2 of 2)

Immunodeficiency. (2 of 2) Immunodeficiency (2 of 2) Acquired (secondary) immunodeficiencies More common Many causes such as therapy, cancer, sarcoidosis, malnutrition, infection & renal disease The most common of which is therapy-related

More information

A centralized gene-based HIV-1 vaccine elicits broad cross-clade cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys

A centralized gene-based HIV-1 vaccine elicits broad cross-clade cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys A centralized gene-based HIV-1 vaccine elicits broad cross-clade cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys Sampa Santra, Bette T. Korber, Mark Muldoon, Dan H. Barouch, Gary J. Nabel, Feng Gao, Beatrice

More information

HIV-1 SUBTYPE C MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION: GENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CORRELATES. Elizabeth Susan Russell

HIV-1 SUBTYPE C MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION: GENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CORRELATES. Elizabeth Susan Russell HIV-1 SUBTYPE C MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION: GENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CORRELATES Elizabeth Susan Russell A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial

More information

Immunotypes of a Quaternary Site of HIV-1 Vulnerability and Their Recognition by Antibodies

Immunotypes of a Quaternary Site of HIV-1 Vulnerability and Their Recognition by Antibodies JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, May 2011, p. 4578 4585 Vol. 85, No. 9 0022-538X/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jvi.02585-10 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Immunotypes of a Quaternary

More information

HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion

HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Scott M. Hammer, M.D. HIV1 Virion Life Cycle of HIV HIV1 virion HIV1 Virus virion envelope Cell CD4membrane receptor VIRUS BINDING AND ENTRY RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUS REVERSE

More information

Association Between HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage and Resistance to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Association Between HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage and Resistance to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE Association Between HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage and Resistance to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Nico Pfeifer, Dr,* Hauke Walter, MD, and Thomas Lengauer, Dr, PhD* Background:

More information

HIV INFECTION: An Overview

HIV INFECTION: An Overview HIV INFECTION: An Overview UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS II SEMINAR VJ

More information

WHO-UNAIDS Guidelines for Standard HIV Isolation and Characterization Procedures (Second Edition, 2002)

WHO-UNAIDS Guidelines for Standard HIV Isolation and Characterization Procedures (Second Edition, 2002) WHO-UNAIDS Guidelines for Standard HIV Isolation and Characterization Procedures (Second Edition, 2002) WHO-UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative (HVIr: Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) Health Technology

More information

Review Article Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and NK Cell-Driven Immune Escape in HIV Infection: Implications for HIV Vaccine Development

Review Article Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and NK Cell-Driven Immune Escape in HIV Infection: Implications for HIV Vaccine Development Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Virology Volume 2012, Article ID 637208, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/637208 Review Article Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and NK Cell-Driven Immune Escape

More information

An Exploration to Determine if Fab Molecules are Efficacious in Neutralizing Influenza H1 and H3 Subtypes. Nick Poulton June September 2012

An Exploration to Determine if Fab Molecules are Efficacious in Neutralizing Influenza H1 and H3 Subtypes. Nick Poulton June September 2012 An Exploration to Determine if Fab Molecules are Efficacious in Neutralizing Influenza H1 and H3 Subtypes Nick Poulton June 2012- September 2012 Epidemiology of Influenza Infection Causes between 250,000

More information

A global approach to HIV-1 vaccine development

A global approach to HIV-1 vaccine development A global approach to HIV-1 vaccine development The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published Version Accessed

More information

Rajesh Kannangai Phone: ; Fax: ; *Corresponding author

Rajesh Kannangai   Phone: ; Fax: ; *Corresponding author Amino acid sequence divergence of Tat protein (exon1) of subtype B and C HIV-1 strains: Does it have implications for vaccine development? Abraham Joseph Kandathil 1, Rajesh Kannangai 1, *, Oriapadickal

More information

Thesis for licentiate degree 2010 Dissection of HIV-1 Env-specific B cell responses in non-human primates Christopher Sundling. Christopher Sundling

Thesis for licentiate degree 2010 Dissection of HIV-1 Env-specific B cell responses in non-human primates Christopher Sundling. Christopher Sundling Thesis for licentiate degree 2010 Thesis for licentiate degree 2010 Dissection of HIV-1 Env-specific B cell responses in non-human primates Christopher Sundling Dissection of HIV-1 Env-specific B cell

More information

Modulation of HIV Immune Responses in Natural Infection and after Genetic Immunization

Modulation of HIV Immune Responses in Natural Infection and after Genetic Immunization The Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden Modulation of HIV Immune Responses in Natural Infection and after Genetic

More information

Structural Insights into HIV-1 Neutralization by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies PG9 and PG16

Structural Insights into HIV-1 Neutralization by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies PG9 and PG16 Structural Insights into HIV-1 Neutralization by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies PG9 and PG16 Robert Pejchal, Laura M. Walker, Robyn L. Stanfield, Wayne C. Koff, Sanjay K. Phogat, Pascal Poignard, Dennis

More information

Received 24 October 2004/Accepted 11 January 2005

Received 24 October 2004/Accepted 11 January 2005 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, June 2005, p. 6957 6968 Vol. 79, No. 11 0022-538X/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jvi.79.11.6957 6968.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Cryptic Nature

More information

Received 25 January 2011/Accepted 22 April 2011

Received 25 January 2011/Accepted 22 April 2011 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 2011, p. 7029 7036 Vol. 85, No. 14 0022-538X/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jvi.00171-11 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. An HIV-1 gp120 Envelope

More information