Efficacy of fungicides for management of blueberry rust
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1 Efficacy of fungicides for management of blueberry rust Russell Ingram, Phil Brannen, Shane Curry (Appling County); Morgan Joe Slusher (Ware County); William Lovett (Bacon County); Jeremy Taylor (Lanier/Clinch County) Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia University of Georgia Extension Service, Athens, GA, USA.
2 Blueberry rust in the Southeast Traditionally, significant issue in Florida and late-season in south Georgia Alternate host, Hemlock Tsuga sp.; N. Georgia South Georgia/ Florida: Overwinters on retained leaves Warmer winters = more leaf retention = more disease concern in coming years? Importance Leaf spot diseases: - decrease flower bud set/yield - reduce plant vigor Earlier occurrence? anecdotal
3 Characteristics of the pathogen One of two species: Naohidemyces vaccinii or Thekopsora minima Reported in Australia, Asia, Europe, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, Mexico, Canada, USA Alternating periods of warm wet/dry favor disease spread; >30 C lowers infection risk No studies to date have assessed impact on blueberry yield
4 Blueberry rust symptoms - Oblong to yellow/brown angular spots on upper leaf surface - Lower leaf surface with orange pustules - Severely diseased leaves defoliate prematurely
5 Study Goals Review efficacy of currently labeled (highbush) fungicides: - DMIs: Quash, Proline 480SC, Orbit, Indar - Other MOA: Abound, Quilt Xcel, Pristine Determine efficacy of an unlabeled fungicide: - Aprovia (benzovindiflupyr), SDHI May 11, 2016 Appling County
6 Experimental Design Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Cv. Rebel; plots >110 bushes long Untreated row on either side; bush on either side skipped 5 replicates; 9 treatments Scouting started in March Treatments applied April through July every other week CO 2 backpack sprayer; sprayed to run-off Site # App Application Dates Clinch 7 6-Apr; 21-Apr 4-May; 18-May 1-Jun; 15-Jun; 29-Jun Ware 7 6-Apr; 21-Apr 4-May; 18-May 1-Jun; 15-Jun; 29-Jun Appling 6 4-Apr; 18-Apr 2-May; 16-May; 30-May
7 Data Analysis Disease assessment dates: March 30, May 11, June 3, June 15, July 7 50 leaves rated/plant Statistical Software, SAS v9.4; PROC GLIMMIX % Disease severity, arcsine-square root transformation % Disease incidence Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC): - 72 days (Clinch County); 100 days (Ware County)
8 Results: Clinch County Proline E D,E Abound/Bravo June 15, Proline 480SC Aprovia E D 8 Orbit D 8 Quilt Xcel,E Treatment Quilt Xcel Quash Aprovia Abound D D C Treatment Orbit Quash Abound,E,E Abound/Bravo` B,C 3 Indar 2F C 3 Indar 2F A,B 2 Pristine B 2 Pristine A 1 Untreated Control A 1 Untreated Control A arcsinsqrt(%severity) 9 = Abound, Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik, Post Harvest AUDPC (Incidence) 6 = Abound Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik Post harvest % Disease severity (Control) Mean =7.6%; Range= 0 20%
9 Results: Ware County Proline 480 Quilt Xcel F E,F June 15, Proline 480SC Quilt Xcel E D,E 8 Quash E,F 8 Aprovia D 7 Aprovia D,E 7 Quash Treatment Orbit Indar 2F Abound,E B, Treatment Indar 2F Orbit Abound/Bravo B,C, D B,C 3 Abound Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik Post B,C 3 Abound B,C 2 Pristine A,B 2 Pristine B 1 Untreated Control A 1 Untreated Control A arcsinsqrt(%severity) % Disease severity (Control) Mean =5.45%; Range= 0 20% AUDPC (Incidence) 4 = Abound Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik Post harvest
10 Results: Appling County Proline E 11 June 15, 2016 June 3, Proline 480SC E 9 Quilt Xcel D,E 9 Quilt Xcel D,E 8 Quash,E 8 Quash D,E Treatment Aprovia Orbit Abound Indar 2F B,C B Treatment Aprovia Abound Orbit Indar 2F D,E B, B, 3 Abound Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik B 3 Pristine A,B,C 2 Pristine B 2 Abound, Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik, Post Harvest A,B 1 Untreated Control A 1 Untreated Control A arcsinsqrt(%severity) % Disease severity (Control) Mean =18.8%; Range= 0 70% %Incidence
11 Research Summary, 2016 DMI, class with lowest severity and incidence: - Highest efficacy, prothioconazole, Proline 480SC - Lowest efficacy, fenbuconazole, Indar benzovindiflupyr (Aprovia) control on par with DMIs, except Indar; only labeled on lowbush w/ 365 PHI azoxystrobin (Abound) equivalent control to Indar; rust currently not on label Quilt Xcel > azoxystrobin & propioconazole alone Pristine, lowest level of control; previously recommended; labeled (highbush/lowbush except CA) for suppression of rust
12 Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Blueberry Rust Class DMI Trade Name Proline 480SC Chemical Rate (oz[fluid or dry]/acre) PHI (days) Rust Control (Severity) Rust Control (Incidence) prothioconazole 41% 5.7 (169 ml) 7 Excellent Excellent DMI Orbit propioconazole 41.8% 6.0 (177 ml) 30 Good Good DMI Quash metconazole 50% 2.5 (71 g) 7 Very Good Very Good DMI Indar fenbuconazole 23.75% 6.0 (177 ml) 30 Good Good SDHI Aprovia benzovindiflupyr 10.27% 13.5 (400 ml) 365 Very Good Very Good QoI, Strobilurin Abound azoxystrobin 22.9% 15.5 (458 ml) 0 Good Good DMI + Strobilurin SDHI + Strobilurin Strobilurin + Mixed Mode Quilt Xcel Pristine Abound / Bravo azoxystrobin 13.5 % + propioconazole 11.7% boscalid 25.2% + pyraclostrobin 12.8 % Pre-harvest azoxystrobin/ Post- harvest chlorothanil 21.0 (621 ml) 30 Very Good Very Good 23.0 (647 g) 0 Fair Fair 15.5 (458 ml)/ 64 (1064 ml) 0 Variable Good Ingram et al. 2016
13 Conclusions/Management Implications Proline 480SC, provides greatest control DMIs highest efficacy/similar efficacy (except Indar); Cost considerations should drive grower preference Aprovia, control equivalent to DMIs; Extended persistence? If confirmed, attractive control option post-harvest Pristine, not recommended for control of blueberry rust; Insensitivity/resistance reported on Exobasidium maculosum Resistant varieties, preferred control option
14 Future Work: Optimizing Control to Reduce Costs/Increase Profits Assess impact of rust on yield - necessary for cost/benefit analysis Assess interval timing sprays with DMI, Proline 480SC & SDHI, Aprovia - Pre-harvest, April - Post-harvest (PH), May - 1 month PH, June - ca. 3 month PH, August Assess persistence of Aprovia Push for label on highbush in SE - Does a single spray control disease? Confirm rust species
15 Thank You Phil Brannen, Extension Specialist, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Georgia Shane Curry Extension Agent (Appling County); Morgan Joe Slusher Extension Agent (Ware County); William Lovett Extension Agent (Bacon County); Jeremy Taylor Extension Agent (Lanier/Clinch County); University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service Field Techs: Danielle Capps & Sarah Hampton Grower Cooperators Funding: Georgia Blueberry Commission
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