Supplemental Table I.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Supplemental Table I."

Transcription

1 Supplemental Table I Male / Mean ± SEM n Mean ± SEM n Body weight, g 29.2± ± Total cholesterol, mg/dl 534.0± ± HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl 9.6± ± Triglycerides, mg/dl 76.8± ± Systolic blood pressure, mmhg 118.5± ± Diastolic blood pressure, mmhg 70.5± ± Female / Mean ± SEM n Mean ± SEM n Body weight, g 23.0± ± Total cholesterol, mg/dl 407.3± ± HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl 5.5± ± Triglycerides, mg/dl 57.5± ± Systolic blood pressure, mmhg 111.7± ± Diastolic blood pressure, mmhg 72.77± ± Supplemental Table I. Analysis of body weight, plasma lipid profile, and blood pressure at 16 weeks. HDL, high-density lipoprotein.

2 Supplemental Figure I / Supplemental Figure I. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) does not affect the proportions of CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells in spleen. n=4 to 5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m.

3 Supplemental Figure II Counts Spleen Blood / / Ly6C Supplemental Figure II. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) does not affect the proportion of Ly6C high monocytes in blood and spleen. Representative results of Ly6C expression in blood and splenic monocytes assessed by flow cytometry. The graph represents the percentage of Ly6C high monocytes within the blood and splenic CD11b + Ly6G - monocytes. n=4 to 5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m.

4 Supplemental Figure III / A B Supplemental Figure III. A, Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) does not affect the proportions of regulatory B cells (Bregs) or B2 cells such as CD19 + B220 + IgM high CD5 - marginal zone B cells or CD19 + B220 + IgM low CD5 - follicular B cells in spleen. The graph represents the percentage of Bregs or B2 cells within splenocytes. n=5 per group. B, Overexpression of CTLA-4 increases the proportion of CD19 + B220 low IgM high CD5 - B1b cells, but does not affect the proportion of CD19 + B220 low IgM high CD5 + B1a cells in the peritoneal cavity. The graph represents the percentage of B1 cells within peritoneal cells. n=4 to 5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

5 Supplemental Figure IV A / B / CD CD4 C / CTLA D Foxp3 Supplemental Figure IV. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) does not affect CD4 + or CD8 + T cell development, whereas it prevents the development of CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the thymus. Lymphoid cells from thymus of 4-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ) or / mice were prepared. A, Representative results of CD4 and CD8 expression in TCR-β + T cells assessed by flow cytometry. B, The graphs represent the numbers and percentage of CD4 single positive (CD4 + ), CD4/CD8 double positive (CD4 + CD8 + ), and CD8 single positive (CD8 + ) T cells within TCRβ + thymocytes. C, Representative results of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression within the TCRβ + CD4 + CD8 - population. D, The graphs represent total numbers of TCR-β + CD4 + CD8 - Foxp3 + Tregs and percentage of CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs within the TCR-β + CD4 + CD8 - population. n=5 to 6 per group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.05.

6 Supplemental Figure V PI Annexin V / Supplemental Figure V. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) suppresses the early stages of apoptosis in CD4 + T cells. Representative results of Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining in splenic CD4 + T cells assessed by flow cytometry. The graph represents the percentage of Annexin V + PI - early apoptotic cells within the CD4 + population. n=5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m. **P<0.01.

7 Supplemental Figure VI A / B / IFN-γ CD8 / Supplemental Figure VI. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has a minimal effect on the activation of CD8 + T cells. A, The graphs represent the percentage of CD44 high, CD62L low, CD69 high cells within the CD8 + population in lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. n=7 per group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Error bars indicate s.e.m. B, Lymphoid cells from spleen were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in vitro. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed. Representative results and frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ + CD8 + T cells in the spleen of each group. n=5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m.

8 Supplemental Figure VII / Supplemental Figure VII. The effects of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) overexpression on interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p35, and IL-12p40 expression in splenic CD11c + DCs. Expression of several cytokines in splenic DCs was quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Fold change relative to each group is shown. n=5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m.

9 Supplemental Figure VIII / Supplemental Figure VIII. Overexpression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) does not change regulatory T cell (Treg)-associated molecule expression in CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs. Lymphoid cells from lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen of apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ) or CTLA-4- Tg/ mice were prepared. The expression levels of Treg-associated markers were analyzed by flow cytometry gating on CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs in LNs and spleen. The data are shown as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). n=6 to 7 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m. GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related gene/protein.

10 Supplemental Figure IX A / IL-10 B Foxp3 LN / LN / LAP Foxp3 / Spleen / Spleen LAP Foxp3 / Supplemental Figure IX. CTLA-4 transgenic CD4 + CD25 - T cells are neither T regulatory type 1 cells nor T helper type 3 cells. A, Lymphoid cells from spleen were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in vitro. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed. The graph represents the frequency of IL-10 + cells within CD4 + Foxp3 - non-tregs. n=5 per group. B, Representative results of LAP expression in lymph node (LN) and splenic CD4 + Foxp3 - non-tregs. The graphs represent the percentage of LAP + cells within CD4 + Foxp3 - non-tregs in LNs and spleen. n=5 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m. **P<0.01.

11 Supplemental Figure X A / B / C / / Counts CTLA-4

12 Supplemental Figure X. The effects of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) overexpression on inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic aortas. A, Total RNA was extracted from aortas of 10-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ) or / mice. Expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, CD4, CD80, CD86, CTLA-4, and regulatory T cell (Treg)-associated molecules (Foxp3 and interleukin (IL)-10) in atherosclerotic aortas was quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Fold change relative to each group is shown. n=5 to 6 per group. B, Representative staining and quantitative analysis of Foxp3 + cells in the aortic sinus plaques. The white bar represents 200 μm. White arrowheads indicate the Foxp3 + cells. n=12 per group. C, Cell suspensions from collagenasedigested aortas of 16-week-old or / mice were stained with antibodies against CD4, CD3, CD45, and CTLA-4. Representative results of intracellular CTLA-4 expression in aortic CD3 + CD4 + CD45 + T cells assessed by flow cytometry. The data are shown as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). n=3 to 6 per group. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

13 Supplemental Figure XI (A, B) Cell-extrinsic suppression CD80/CD86 CD28 APC MHC classⅡ Antigen TCR Treg CTLA-4 Activated Teff Naïve T cell Teff (C) Cell-intrinsic suppression CTLA-4 Proinflammatory cytokine Activated Teff Atherosclerotic plaque Supplemental Figure XI. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) regulates proatherogenic immune responses in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic manners. There are several possible mechanisms for CTLA-4-mediated suppression of atherosclerosis. A, B, Cell-extrinsic mechanisms of CTLA-4; CTLA-4 negatively regulates proatherogenic immune responses by ligating CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells (DCs) and inhibiting CD28-CD80/CD86 interactions. CTLA-4 on both regulatory T cells (Tregs) (A) and activated effector T cells (Teffs) (B) may downregulate the CD80 and CD86 expression on DCs and reduce the ability of DCs to activate other T cells, which contributes to reduction of atherosclerosis. C, Cell-intrinsic mechanism of CTLA-4; CTLA-4 on activated Teffs receives negative signals by binding to CD80 and CD86 on DCs, leading to suppression of their function and atherosclerosis development. APC, antigen-presenting cell; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCR, T cell receptor.

Supplementary Figure S I: Effects of D4F on body weight and serum lipids in apoe -/- mice.

Supplementary Figure S I: Effects of D4F on body weight and serum lipids in apoe -/- mice. Supplementary Figures: Supplementary Figure S I: Effects of D4F on body weight and serum lipids in apoe -/- mice. Male apoe -/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and given PBS (model group) or

More information

Supplemental Figure 1. Signature gene expression in in vitro differentiated Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. (A) Naïve CD4 + T cells were cultured

Supplemental Figure 1. Signature gene expression in in vitro differentiated Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. (A) Naïve CD4 + T cells were cultured Supplemental Figure 1. Signature gene expression in in vitro differentiated Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. (A) Naïve CD4 + T cells were cultured under Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg conditions. mrna

More information

ONLINE SUPPLEMENT MATERIAL. CD70 limits atherosclerosis and promotes macrophage function.

ONLINE SUPPLEMENT MATERIAL. CD70 limits atherosclerosis and promotes macrophage function. ONLINE SUPPLEMENT MATERIAL CD7 limits atherosclerosis and promotes macrophage function. Holger Winkels* 1,2, Svenja Meiler* 1,2, Esther Smeets* 2, Dirk Lievens 1, David Engel 3, Charlotte Spitz 1, Christina

More information

Supplemental Materials for. Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 phosphorylation in response to. FTY720 during neuroinflammation

Supplemental Materials for. Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 phosphorylation in response to. FTY720 during neuroinflammation Supplemental Materials for Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 phosphorylation in response to FTY7 during neuroinflammation This file includes: Supplemental Table 1. EAE clinical parameters of

More information

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT Types of Adaptive Immunity Types of T Cell-mediated Immune Reactions CTLs = cytotoxic T lymphocytes

More information

The encephalitogenicity of TH17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23- induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF

The encephalitogenicity of TH17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23- induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF CORRECTION NOTICE Nat.Immunol. 12, 568 575 (2011) The encephalitogenicity of TH17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23- induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF Mohamed El-Behi, Bogoljub Ciric, Hong

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplemental Figure 1. Furin is efficiently deleted in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. a, Western blot for furin and actin proteins in CD4cre-fur f/f and fur f/f Th1 cells. Wild-type and furin-deficient CD4 +

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Normal T lymphocyte populations in Dapk -/- mice. (a) Normal thymic development in Dapk -/- mice. Thymocytes from WT and Dapk

Supplementary Figure 1. Normal T lymphocyte populations in Dapk -/- mice. (a) Normal thymic development in Dapk -/- mice. Thymocytes from WT and Dapk Supplementary Figure 1. Normal T lymphocyte populations in Dapk -/- mice. (a) Normal thymic development in Dapk -/- mice. Thymocytes from WT and Dapk -/- mice were stained for expression of CD4 and CD8.

More information

Adaptive (acquired) immunity. Professor Peter Delves University College London

Adaptive (acquired) immunity. Professor Peter Delves University College London Adaptive (acquired) immunity Professor Peter Delves University College London p.delves@ucl.ac.uk Haematopoiesis Haematopoiesis Lymphocytes = adaptive response Recognition of pathogens by adaptive cells,

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. mrna expression of chitinase and chitinase-like protein in splenic immune cells. Each splenic immune cell population was

Supplementary Figure 1. mrna expression of chitinase and chitinase-like protein in splenic immune cells. Each splenic immune cell population was Supplementary Figure 1. mrna expression of chitinase and chitinase-like protein in splenic immune cells. Each splenic immune cell population was sorted by FACS. Surface markers for sorting were CD11c +

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:1.138/nature1554 a TNF-α + in CD4 + cells [%] 1 GF SPF 6 b IL-1 + in CD4 + cells [%] 5 4 3 2 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Effect of microbiota on cytokine profiles of T cells in GALT. Frequencies of TNF-α

More information

Eosinophils are required. for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow

Eosinophils are required. for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow Van Trung Chu, Anja Fröhlich, Gudrun Steinhauser, Tobias Scheel, Toralf Roch, Simon Fillatreau, James J. Lee, Max Löhning

More information

Supplementary Information:

Supplementary Information: Supplementary Information: Follicular regulatory T cells with Bcl6 expression suppress germinal center reactions by Yeonseok Chung, Shinya Tanaka, Fuliang Chu, Roza Nurieva, Gustavo J. Martinez, Seema

More information

Examples of questions for Cellular Immunology/Cellular Biology and Immunology

Examples of questions for Cellular Immunology/Cellular Biology and Immunology Examples of questions for Cellular Immunology/Cellular Biology and Immunology Each student gets a set of 6 questions, so that each set contains different types of questions and that the set of questions

More information

of whole cell cultures in U-bottomed wells of a 96-well plate are shown. 2

of whole cell cultures in U-bottomed wells of a 96-well plate are shown. 2 Supplementary online material Supplementary figure legends Supplementary Figure 1 Exposure to T reg cells causes loss of T resp cells in co-cultures. T resp cells were stimulated with CD3+CD28 alone or

More information

Therapeutic effect of baicalin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. is mediated by SOCS3 regulatory pathway

Therapeutic effect of baicalin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. is mediated by SOCS3 regulatory pathway Therapeutic effect of baicalin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated by SOCS3 regulatory pathway Yuan Zhang 1,2, Xing Li 1,2, Bogoljub Ciric 1, Cun-gen Ma 3, Bruno Gran 4, Abdolmohamad

More information

Lecture 9: T-cell Mediated Immunity

Lecture 9: T-cell Mediated Immunity Lecture 9: T-cell Mediated Immunity Questions to Consider How do T cells know where to go? Questions to Consider How do T cells know where to go? How does antigen get targeted to a T cell expressing the

More information

Supplemental Materials

Supplemental Materials Supplemental Materials Programmed death one homolog maintains the pool size of regulatory T cells by promoting their differentiation and stability Qi Wang 1, Jianwei He 1, Dallas B. Flies 2, Liqun Luo

More information

Supplementary Figure 1: Expression of NFAT proteins in Nfat2-deleted B cells (a+b) Protein expression of NFAT2 (a) and NFAT1 (b) in isolated splenic

Supplementary Figure 1: Expression of NFAT proteins in Nfat2-deleted B cells (a+b) Protein expression of NFAT2 (a) and NFAT1 (b) in isolated splenic Supplementary Figure 1: Expression of NFAT proteins in Nfat2-deleted B cells (a+b) Protein expression of NFAT2 (a) and NFAT1 (b) in isolated splenic B cells from WT Nfat2 +/+, TCL1 Nfat2 +/+ and TCL1 Nfat2

More information

% of live splenocytes. STAT5 deletion. (open shapes) % ROSA + % floxed

% of live splenocytes. STAT5 deletion. (open shapes) % ROSA + % floxed Supp. Figure 1. a 14 1 1 8 6 spleen cells (x1 6 ) 16 % of live splenocytes 5 4 3 1 % of live splenocytes 8 6 4 b 1 1 c % of CD11c + splenocytes (closed shapes) 8 6 4 8 6 4 % ROSA + (open shapes) % floxed

More information

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity Chapter 17A: Adaptive Immunity Part I 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity 2. T and B Cell Production 3. Antigens & Antigen Presentation 4. Helper T cells 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity The Nature of Adaptive

More information

B220 CD4 CD8. Figure 1. Confocal Image of Sensitized HLN. Representative image of a sensitized HLN

B220 CD4 CD8. Figure 1. Confocal Image of Sensitized HLN. Representative image of a sensitized HLN B220 CD4 CD8 Natarajan et al., unpublished data Figure 1. Confocal Image of Sensitized HLN. Representative image of a sensitized HLN showing B cell follicles and T cell areas. 20 µm thick. Image of magnification

More information

Supplementary Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 35 patients with CRCs

Supplementary Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 35 patients with CRCs Supplementary Table Clinicopathological characteristics of 35 patients with CRCs Characteristics Type-A CRC Type-B CRC P value Sex Male / Female 9 / / 8.5 Age (years) Median (range) 6. (9 86) 6.5 (9 76).95

More information

Effector T Cells and

Effector T Cells and 1 Effector T Cells and Cytokines Andrew Lichtman, MD PhD Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 2 Lecture outline Cytokines Subsets of CD4+ T cells: definitions, functions, development New

More information

Immunological alterations in mice irradiated with low doses

Immunological alterations in mice irradiated with low doses Immunological alterations in mice irradiated with low doses "Frédéric Joliot-Curie" National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary The structure of the immune system INNATE

More information

TCR, MHC and coreceptors

TCR, MHC and coreceptors Cooperation In Immune Responses Antigen processing how peptides get into MHC Antigen processing involves the intracellular proteolytic generation of MHC binding proteins Protein antigens may be processed

More information

Supplementary Materials for

Supplementary Materials for www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org/cgi/content/full/8/352/352ra110/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Spatially selective depletion of tumor-associated regulatory T cells with near-infrared photoimmunotherapy

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Characterization of basophils after reconstitution of SCID mice

Supplementary Figure 1. Characterization of basophils after reconstitution of SCID mice Supplementary figure legends Supplementary Figure 1. Characterization of after reconstitution of SCID mice with CD4 + CD62L + T cells. (A-C) SCID mice (n = 6 / group) were reconstituted with 2 x 1 6 CD4

More information

Nature Medicine doi: /nm.3957

Nature Medicine doi: /nm.3957 Supplementary Fig. 1. p38 alternative activation, IL-21 expression, and T helper cell transcription factors in PDAC tissue. (a) Tissue microarrays of pancreatic tissue from 192 patients with pancreatic

More information

Cell isolation. Spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal) were removed from mice

Cell isolation. Spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal) were removed from mice Supplementary Methods: Cell isolation. Spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal) were removed from mice and gently meshed in DMEM containing 10% FBS to prepare for single cell suspensions. CD4 + CD25

More information

T-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes:

T-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes: Interactions between innate immunity & adaptive immunity What happens to T cells after they leave the thymus? Naïve T cells exit the thymus and enter the bloodstream. If they remain in the bloodstream,

More information

T-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes:

T-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes: Interactions between innate immunity & adaptive immunity What happens to T cells after they leave the thymus? Naïve T cells exit the thymus and enter the bloodstream. If they remain in the bloodstream,

More information

Blocking antibodies and peptides. Rat anti-mouse PD-1 (29F.1A12, rat IgG2a, k), PD-

Blocking antibodies and peptides. Rat anti-mouse PD-1 (29F.1A12, rat IgG2a, k), PD- Supplementary Methods Blocking antibodies and peptides. Rat anti-mouse PD-1 (29F.1A12, rat IgG2a, k), PD- L1 (10F.9G2, rat IgG2b, k), and PD-L2 (3.2, mouse IgG1) have been described (24). Anti-CTLA-4 (clone

More information

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response defense against infection & illness body defenses innate/ non-specific adaptable/ specific epithelium, fever, inflammation, complement,

More information

Overview B cell development T cell development

Overview B cell development T cell development Topics Overview B cell development T cell development Lymphocyte development overview (Cont) Receptor diversity is produced by gene rearrangement and is random Includes specificities that will bind to

More information

Apolipoprotein AI prevents regulatory to follicular helper T cell switching during atherosclerosis

Apolipoprotein AI prevents regulatory to follicular helper T cell switching during atherosclerosis ARTICLE DOI: 1.138/s41467-18-3493- OPEN Apolipoprotein AI prevents regulatory to follicular helper T cell switching during atherosclerosis Dalia E. Gaddis 1, Lindsey E. Padgett 1, Runpei Wu 1, Chantel

More information

NK cell flow cytometric assay In vivo DC viability and migration assay

NK cell flow cytometric assay In vivo DC viability and migration assay NK cell flow cytometric assay 6 NK cells were purified, by negative selection with the NK Cell Isolation Kit (Miltenyi iotec), from spleen and lymph nodes of 6 RAG1KO mice, injected the day before with

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Deletion of Smad3 prevents B16F10 melanoma invasion and metastasis in a mouse s.c. tumor model.

Supplementary Figure 1. Deletion of Smad3 prevents B16F10 melanoma invasion and metastasis in a mouse s.c. tumor model. A B16F1 s.c. Lung LN Distant lymph nodes Colon B B16F1 s.c. Supplementary Figure 1. Deletion of Smad3 prevents B16F1 melanoma invasion and metastasis in a mouse s.c. tumor model. Highly invasive growth

More information

Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis Chapter. Cells and Organs of the Immune System Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis- formation and development of WBC and RBC bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cell- give rise to any blood cells (constant number,

More information

Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells

Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells ICI Basic Immunology course Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells Abul K. Abbas, MD UCSF Stages in the development of T cell responses: induction

More information

T cell maturation. T-cell Maturation. What allows T cell maturation?

T cell maturation. T-cell Maturation. What allows T cell maturation? T-cell Maturation What allows T cell maturation? Direct contact with thymic epithelial cells Influence of thymic hormones Growth factors (cytokines, CSF) T cell maturation T cell progenitor DN DP SP 2ry

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. IL-12 serum levels and frequency of subsets in FL patients. (A) IL-12

Supplementary Figure 1. IL-12 serum levels and frequency of subsets in FL patients. (A) IL-12 1 Supplementary Data Figure legends Supplementary Figure 1. IL-12 serum levels and frequency of subsets in FL patients. (A) IL-12 serum levels measured by multiplex ELISA (Luminex) in FL patients before

More information

Supplemental Figure 1

Supplemental Figure 1 Supplemental Figure 1 1a 1c PD-1 MFI fold change 6 5 4 3 2 1 IL-1α IL-2 IL-4 IL-6 IL-1 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-18 IL-21 IL-23 IFN-α Mut Human PD-1 promoter SBE-D 5 -GTCTG- -1.2kb SBE-P -CAGAC- -1.kb

More information

Supplementary Figure S1. PTPN2 levels are not altered in proliferating CD8+ T cells. Lymph node (LN) CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice were stained with

Supplementary Figure S1. PTPN2 levels are not altered in proliferating CD8+ T cells. Lymph node (LN) CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice were stained with Supplementary Figure S1. PTPN2 levels are not altered in proliferating CD8+ T cells. Lymph node (LN) CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice were stained with CFSE and stimulated with plate-bound α-cd3ε (10µg/ml)

More information

T Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation

T Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation 1 T Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation Abul K. Abbas, MD University of California San Francisco 2 Lecture outline T cell antigen recognition and activation Costimulation, the B7:CD28 family

More information

The development of T cells in the thymus

The development of T cells in the thymus T cells rearrange their receptors in the thymus whereas B cells do so in the bone marrow. The development of T cells in the thymus The lobular/cellular organization of the thymus Immature cells are called

More information

T Cell Activation. Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly March 18, 2009

T Cell Activation. Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly March 18, 2009 T Cell Activation Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly March 18, 2009 Phases of Adaptive Immune Responses Phases of T cell responses IL-2 acts as an autocrine growth factor Fig. 11-11 Clonal Expansion of T cells

More information

5/1/13. The proportion of thymus that produces T cells decreases with age. The cellular organization of the thymus

5/1/13. The proportion of thymus that produces T cells decreases with age. The cellular organization of the thymus T cell precursors migrate from the bone marrow via the blood to the thymus to mature 1 2 The cellular organization of the thymus The proportion of thymus that produces T cells decreases with age 3 4 1

More information

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center General Overview of Immunology Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Objectives Describe differences between innate and adaptive immune responses

More information

Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance. Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco

Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance. Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco EIP Symposium Feb 2016 Why do some people respond to therapeutic proteins?

More information

LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Introduction to immunology. LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Today we will get to know: The adaptive immunity T- and B-cells Antigens and their recognition How T-cells work 1 The adaptive immunity Unlike

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Efficiency of Mll4 deletion and its effect on T cell populations in the periphery. Nature Immunology: doi: /ni.

Supplementary Figure 1. Efficiency of Mll4 deletion and its effect on T cell populations in the periphery. Nature Immunology: doi: /ni. Supplementary Figure 1 Efficiency of Mll4 deletion and its effect on T cell populations in the periphery. Expression of Mll4 floxed alleles (16-19) in naive CD4 + T cells isolated from lymph nodes and

More information

B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/83/LAP/#2.006 B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/86/LAP/#2.016 CD11C B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/80/LAP/#2.011 CD11C

B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/83/LAP/#2.006 B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/86/LAP/#2.016 CD11C B6/COLODR/SPL/11C/80/LAP/#2.011 CD11C CD3-specific antibody-induced immune tolerance and suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis involves TGF-β production through phagocytes digesting apoptotic T cells Sylvain Perruche 1,3, Pin Zhang 1,

More information

Adaptive Immune Response Day 2. The Adaptive Immune Response

Adaptive Immune Response Day 2. The Adaptive Immune Response Adaptive Immune Response Day 2 Chapter 16 The Adaptive Immune Response 1 The B cell receptor vs. the T cell receptor. The B cell receptor vs. the T cell receptor. 2 Which T cells have CD4 and which have

More information

T cell development October 28, Dan Stetson

T cell development October 28, Dan Stetson T cell development October 28, 2016 Dan Stetson stetson@uw.edu 441 Lecture #13 Slide 1 of 29 Three lectures on T cells (Chapters 8, 9) Part 1 (Today): T cell development in the thymus Chapter 8, pages

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Desnues et al. 10.1073/pnas.1314121111 SI Materials and Methods Mice. Toll-like receptor (TLR)8 / and TLR9 / mice were generated as described previously (1, 2). TLR9 / mice were

More information

W/T Itgam -/- F4/80 CD115. F4/80 hi CD115 + F4/80 + CD115 +

W/T Itgam -/- F4/80 CD115. F4/80 hi CD115 + F4/80 + CD115 + F4/8 % in the peritoneal lavage 6 4 2 p=.15 n.s p=.76 CD115 F4/8 hi CD115 + F4/8 + CD115 + F4/8 hi CD115 + F4/8 + CD115 + MHCII MHCII Supplementary Figure S1. CD11b deficiency affects the cellular responses

More information

T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development

T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development Questions for the next 2 lectures: How do you generate a diverse T cell population with functional TCR rearrangements? How do you generate a T cell population that

More information

Adaptive immune responses: T cell-mediated immunity

Adaptive immune responses: T cell-mediated immunity MICR2209 Adaptive immune responses: T cell-mediated immunity Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will discuss the T-cell mediated immune response, how it is activated,

More information

Adaptive Immunity. Jeffrey K. Actor, Ph.D. MSB 2.214,

Adaptive Immunity. Jeffrey K. Actor, Ph.D. MSB 2.214, Adaptive Immunity Jeffrey K. Actor, Ph.D. MSB 2.214, 500-5344 Lecture Objectives: Understand role of various molecules including cytokines, chemokines, costimulatory and adhesion molecules in the development

More information

Follicular Lymphoma. ced3 APOPTOSIS. *In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 131 of the organism's 1031 cells die during development.

Follicular Lymphoma. ced3 APOPTOSIS. *In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 131 of the organism's 1031 cells die during development. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.176: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Course Director: Dr. Shiv Pillai Follicular Lymphoma 1. Characterized by t(14:18) translocation 2. Ig heavy

More information

Supplementary Materials for

Supplementary Materials for www.sciencesignaling.org/cgi/content/full/3/114/ra23/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Regulation of Zap70 Expression During Thymocyte Development Enables Temporal Separation of CD4 and CD8 Repertoire Selection

More information

CHAPTER 9 BIOLOGY OF THE T LYMPHOCYTE

CHAPTER 9 BIOLOGY OF THE T LYMPHOCYTE CHAPTER 9 BIOLOGY OF THE T LYMPHOCYTE Coico, R., Sunshine, G., (2009) Immunology : a short course, 6 th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell 1 CHAPTER 9 : Biology of The T Lymphocytes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction

More information

Immune Checkpoints. PD Dr med. Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro Department of Hematology and Oncology Cancer Center Zurich University Hospital Zurich

Immune Checkpoints. PD Dr med. Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro Department of Hematology and Oncology Cancer Center Zurich University Hospital Zurich Immune Checkpoints PD Dr med. Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro Department of Hematology and Oncology Cancer Center Zurich University Hospital Zurich Activation of T cells requires co-stimulation Science 3

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Aldridge et al. 10.1073/pnas.0900655106 Fig. S1. Flow diagram of sublethal (a) and lethal (b) influenza virus infections. (a) Infection of lung epithelial cells by influenza virus

More information

Nature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1. Cytokine pattern in skin in response to urushiol.

Nature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1. Cytokine pattern in skin in response to urushiol. Supplementary Figure 1 Cytokine pattern in skin in response to urushiol. Wild-type (WT) and CD1a-tg mice (n = 3 per group) were sensitized and challenged with urushiol (uru) or vehicle (veh). Quantitative

More information

Fluorochrome Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5 CTLA-4 CTLA-4 CD15 CD3 FITC. Bio) PD-1 (MIH4, BD) ICOS (C398.4A, Biolegend) PD-L1 (MIH1, BD)

Fluorochrome Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5 CTLA-4 CTLA-4 CD15 CD3 FITC. Bio) PD-1 (MIH4, BD) ICOS (C398.4A, Biolegend) PD-L1 (MIH1, BD) Additional file : Table S. Antibodies used for panel stain to identify peripheral immune cell subsets. Panel : PD- signaling; Panel : CD + T cells, CD + T cells, B cells; Panel : Tregs; Panel :, -T, cdc,

More information

Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation. Abul K. Abbas UCSF. FOCiS

Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation. Abul K. Abbas UCSF. FOCiS 1 Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation Abul K. Abbas UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Dendritic cells and antigen presentation The role of the MHC T cell activation Costimulation, the B7:CD28 family

More information

Immunology MIMM-314 MID-TERM II EXAMINATION. 1 hour between 8:30 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. McIntyre Medical Rm 504 (Martin Amphitheatre)

Immunology MIMM-314 MID-TERM II EXAMINATION. 1 hour between 8:30 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. McIntyre Medical Rm 504 (Martin Amphitheatre) GROUP (Version) 1 Annotated version April 8, 2011, RGEP DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Immunology MIMM-314 MID-TERM II EXAMINATION Course Coordinator: Dr. Roger Palfree Date: Thursday, March

More information

Supplemental Information. T Cells Enhance Autoimmunity by Restraining Regulatory T Cell Responses via an Interleukin-23-Dependent Mechanism

Supplemental Information. T Cells Enhance Autoimmunity by Restraining Regulatory T Cell Responses via an Interleukin-23-Dependent Mechanism Immunity, Volume 33 Supplemental Information T Cells Enhance Autoimmunity by Restraining Regulatory T Cell Responses via an Interleukin-23-Dependent Mechanism Franziska Petermann, Veit Rothhammer, Malte

More information

D CD8 T cell number (x10 6 )

D CD8 T cell number (x10 6 ) IFNγ Supplemental Figure 1. CD T cell number (x1 6 ) 18 15 1 9 6 3 CD CD T cells CD6L C CD5 CD T cells CD6L D CD8 T cell number (x1 6 ) 1 8 6 E CD CD8 T cells CD6L F Log(1)CFU/g Feces 1 8 6 p

More information

Supplementary Figures. T Cell Factor-1 initiates T helper 2 fate by inducing GATA-3 and repressing Interferon-γ

Supplementary Figures. T Cell Factor-1 initiates T helper 2 fate by inducing GATA-3 and repressing Interferon-γ Supplementary Figures T Cell Factor-1 initiates T helper 2 fate by inducing GATA-3 and repressing Interferon-γ Qing Yu, Archna Sharma, Sun Young Oh, Hyung-Geun Moon, M. Zulfiquer Hossain, Theresa M. Salay,

More information

Phenotypical and Functional Analysis of Peripheral T Cells in Foxn1 Transgenic Mice: Effects of Aging

Phenotypical and Functional Analysis of Peripheral T Cells in Foxn1 Transgenic Mice: Effects of Aging Loyola University Chicago Loyola ecommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2010 Phenotypical and Functional Analysis of Peripheral T Cells in Foxn1 Transgenic Mice: Effects of Aging Paulette Krishack

More information

The autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep

The autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep degradation associated with lymphocyte and dendritic cell hyperresponsiveness Jinyi Zhang, Naima

More information

T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase attenuates T cell signaling to maintain tolerance in mice

T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase attenuates T cell signaling to maintain tolerance in mice SUPPLEMENTAL METHODS T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase attenuates T cell signaling to maintain tolerance in mice Florian Wiede 1, Benjamin J. Shields 1, Sock Hui Chew 1, Konstantinos Kyparissoudis 2,

More information

Immunology for the Rheumatologist

Immunology for the Rheumatologist Immunology for the Rheumatologist Rheumatologists frequently deal with the immune system gone awry, rarely studying normal immunology. This program is an overview and discussion of the function of the

More information

Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy

Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy Immunology 101 for the Non-Immunologist Arnold H. Zea, PhD azea@lsuhsc.edu Disclosures No relevant financial relationships to disclose This presentation does not contain

More information

Immune response. This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it.

Immune response. This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it. Immune response This overview figure summarizes simply how our body responds to foreign molecules that enter to it. It s highly recommended to watch Dr Najeeb s lecture that s titled T Helper cells and

More information

activation with anti-cd3/cd28 beads and 3d following transduction. Supplemental Figure 2 shows

activation with anti-cd3/cd28 beads and 3d following transduction. Supplemental Figure 2 shows Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure 1 compares CXCR4 expression in untreated CD8 + T cells, following activation with anti-cd3/cd28 beads and 3d following transduction. Supplemental Figure 2 shows the

More information

Tolerance, autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of immunemediated inflammatory diseases. Abul K. Abbas UCSF

Tolerance, autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of immunemediated inflammatory diseases. Abul K. Abbas UCSF Tolerance, autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of immunemediated inflammatory diseases Abul K. Abbas UCSF Balancing lymphocyte activation and control Activation Effector T cells Tolerance Regulatory T cells

More information

Cell-mediated Immunity

Cell-mediated Immunity Cellular & Molecular Immunology Cell-mediated Immunity Nicholas M. Ponzio, Ph.D. Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine April 6, 2009 Today s Presentation: Overview Cellular Interactions In Humoral

More information

SUPPORTING INFORMATIONS

SUPPORTING INFORMATIONS SUPPORTING INFORMATIONS Mice MT/ret RetCD3ε KO α-cd25 treated MT/ret Age 1 month 3 mnths 6 months 1 month 3 months 6 months 1 month 3 months 6 months 2/87 Survival 87/87 incidence of 17/87 1 ary tumor

More information

Nature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1. Cellularity of leukocytes and their progenitors in naive wild-type and Spp1 / mice.

Nature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1. Cellularity of leukocytes and their progenitors in naive wild-type and Spp1 / mice. Supplementary Figure 1 Cellularity of leukocytes and their progenitors in naive wild-type and Spp1 / mice. (a, b) Gating strategies for differentiated cells including PMN (CD11b + Ly6G hi and CD11b + Ly6G

More information

Krishnamoorthy et al.,

Krishnamoorthy et al., Krishnamoorthy et al., c d e ND ND Supplementary Figure 1 RSV-induces inflammation even in the asence of allergen. Tolerized pups were either infected with RSV or not. The mice were sacrificed a week following

More information

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Book chapters: Molecules of the Adaptive Immunity 6 Adaptive Cells and Organs 7 Generation of Immune Diversity Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors - 8 CD markers

More information

Supplemental Figure 1. Activated splenocytes upregulate Serpina3g and Serpina3f expression.

Supplemental Figure 1. Activated splenocytes upregulate Serpina3g and Serpina3f expression. Relative Serpin expression 25 2 15 1 5 Serpina3f 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 6 4 2 Serpina3g 1 2 3 4 5 6 C57BL/6 DBA/2 Supplemental Figure 1. Activated splenocytes upregulate Serpina3g and Serpina3f expression. Splenocytes

More information

Supplemental Information. IRF-5 Promotes Cell Death in CD4 T Cells. during Chronic Infection

Supplemental Information. IRF-5 Promotes Cell Death in CD4 T Cells. during Chronic Infection Cell Reports, Volume 24 Supplemental Information IRF-5 Promotes Cell Death in T Cells during Chronic Infection Aymeric Fabié, Linh Thuy Mai, Xavier Dagenais-Lussier, Akil Hammami, Julien van Grevenynghe,

More information

Interferon-dependent IL-10 production by Tregs limits tumor Th17 inflammation

Interferon-dependent IL-10 production by Tregs limits tumor Th17 inflammation Interferon-dependent IL-10 production by Tregs limits tumor Th17 inflammation C. Andrew Stewart,, Werner Müller, Giorgio Trinchieri J Clin Invest. 2013;123(11):4859-4874. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci65180.

More information

Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas

Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas Chapter 04: Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Most T lymphocytes

More information

CD4 + T cells recovered in Rag2 / recipient ( 10 5 ) Heart Lung Pancreas

CD4 + T cells recovered in Rag2 / recipient ( 10 5 ) Heart Lung Pancreas a CD4 + T cells recovered in Rag2 / recipient ( 1 5 ) Heart Lung Pancreas.5 1 2 4 6 2 4 6 Ctla4 +/+ Ctla4 / Ctla4 / Lung Ctla4 / Pancreas b Heart Lung Pancreas Ctla4 +/+ Ctla4 / Ctla4 / Lung Ctla4 / Pancreas

More information

LYMPHOCYTES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS. Dr Mere Kende, Lecturer SMHS

LYMPHOCYTES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS. Dr Mere Kende, Lecturer SMHS LYMPHOCYTES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS Dr Mere Kende, Lecturer SMHS Immunity Immune- protection against dangers of non-self/invader eg organism 3 components of immune system 1 st line: skin/mucosa/cilia/hair/saliva/fatty

More information

Supplementary Figure 1.

Supplementary Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 1. Female Pro-ins2 -/- mice at 5-6 weeks of age were either inoculated i.p. with a single dose of CVB4 (1x10 5 PFU/mouse) or PBS and treated with αgalcer or control vehicle. On day

More information

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall 2008 TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 FACULTY: Dr. Mayer Office: Bldg. #1, Rm B32 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU

More information

Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology

Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology By Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Lecture objectives: At the end of the lecture you should be able to: Enumerate features that characterize acquired immune response

More information

Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells

Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells Timo Heidt *, Hendrik B. Sager *, Gabriel Courties, Partha Dutta, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Alex Zaltsman, Constantin von zur

More information

Supplementary Information. Tissue-wide immunity against Leishmania. through collective production of nitric oxide

Supplementary Information. Tissue-wide immunity against Leishmania. through collective production of nitric oxide Supplementary Information Tissue-wide immunity against Leishmania through collective production of nitric oxide Romain Olekhnovitch, Bernhard Ryffel, Andreas J. Müller and Philippe Bousso Supplementary

More information

Supplementary Fig. 1 p38 MAPK negatively regulates DC differentiation. (a) Western blot analysis of p38 isoform expression in BM cells, immature DCs

Supplementary Fig. 1 p38 MAPK negatively regulates DC differentiation. (a) Western blot analysis of p38 isoform expression in BM cells, immature DCs Supplementary Fig. 1 p38 MAPK negatively regulates DC differentiation. (a) Western blot analysis of p38 isoform expression in BM cells, immature DCs (idcs) and mature DCs (mdcs). A myeloma cell line expressing

More information

Intracellular MHC class II molecules promote TLR-triggered innate. immune responses by maintaining Btk activation

Intracellular MHC class II molecules promote TLR-triggered innate. immune responses by maintaining Btk activation Intracellular MHC class II molecules promote TLR-triggered innate immune responses by maintaining Btk activation Xingguang Liu, Zhenzhen Zhan, Dong Li, Li Xu, Feng Ma, Peng Zhang, Hangping Yao and Xuetao

More information

Akt and mtor pathways differentially regulate the development of natural and inducible. T H 17 cells

Akt and mtor pathways differentially regulate the development of natural and inducible. T H 17 cells Akt and mtor pathways differentially regulate the development of natural and inducible T H 17 cells Jiyeon S Kim, Tammarah Sklarz, Lauren Banks, Mercy Gohil, Adam T Waickman, Nicolas Skuli, Bryan L Krock,

More information

The Adaptive Immune Responses

The Adaptive Immune Responses The Adaptive Immune Responses The two arms of the immune responses are; 1) the cell mediated, and 2) the humoral responses. In this chapter we will discuss the two responses in detail and we will start

More information