MONOGRAFIA VALCYTE 5/2 30/3/04 17:31 Página 69 Bibliografía

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3 Bibliografía 1. Bankier AT, et al. The DNA sequence of the human cytomegalovirus genome. DNA Seq. 1991; 2: Bean B. Cytomegalovirus. An update for primary care physicians. Postgrad Med. 1990; 88: Maschmann J, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection of extremely low-birth weight infants via breast milk. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33: Kashiwagi Y, et al. Cytomegalovirus DNA among children attending two day-care centers in Tokyo. Pediatr Int. 2001; 43: Mostad SB, et al. Cervical shedding of cytomegalovirus in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women. J Med Virol. 1999; 59: Liesnard C, et al. Screening standards in assisted reproductive technologies. Is the British Andology Society recommendation to recruit cytomegalovirus negative semen donors only, a reasonable one? Hum Reprod. 2001; 16: Rubin RH, et al. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus disease in organ transplant recipients with oral ganciclovir or oral acyclovir prophylaxis. Transpl Infect Dis. 2000; 2: Gallant JE, et al. and the Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group. Incidence and natural history of cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. J Infect Dis. 1992; 166: Vanèiková Z and Dvoéák P. Cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals a review. Curr Drug Targets Immune, Endocr Metab Disord. 2001; 1: Katlama C. Cytomegalovirus infection in acquired immune-deficiency syndrome. J Med Virol (Suppl. 1): Bruggeman CA. Cytomegalovirus and latency: an overview. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1993; 64: Bloom JN and Palestine AG. The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ann Intern Med. 1988; 109: Ljungman P, et al. Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34: Paya CV. Indirect effects of CMV in the solid organ transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis. 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1): Rubin RH. The indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection on the outcome of organ transplantation. JAMA. 1989; 261: Kestelyn PG and Cunningham ET Jr. HIV/AIDS and blindness. Bull World Health Organ. 2001; 79: Fishman JA and Rubin RH. Infection in organtransplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338 (24): Tolkoff-Rubin NE and Rubin RH. The impact of cytomegalovirus infection on graft function and patient outcome. Graft. 1999; 2: S Bueno J, et al. Current management strategies for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in paediatric transplant recipients. Paediatr Drugs. 2002; 4 (5): Betts RF and Hanshaw JB. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the compromised host(s). Annu Rev Med. 1977; 28: Lowance D, et al. Valacyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: Bibliografía 71

4 Bibliografía Razonable RR, et al. Allograft rejection predicts the occurrence of late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease among CMV-mismatched solid organ transplant patients receiving prophylaxis with oral ganciclovir. J Infect Dis. 2001; 184: Rubin RH. Prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000; 19: Dunn DL and Najarian JS. New approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation. Am J Surg. 1991; 161: Boland GJ, et al. Factors influencing the occurrence of active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after organ transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993; 94: Krogsgaard K, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection rate among heart transplant patients in relation to anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin induction therapy. Copenhagen Heart Transplant Group. Scand J Infect Dis. 1994; 26 (3): Portela D, et al. OKT3 treatment for allograft rejection is a risk factor for cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplantation. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171: Schnitzler MA, et al. Cytomegalovirus disease after prophylaxis with oral ganciclovir in renal transplantation: the importance of HLA-DR matching. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003; 14 (3): Sagedal S, et al. A prospective study of the natural course of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation. 2000; 70 (8): Smyth RL, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection in heart-lung transplant recipients: risk factors, clinical associations, and response to treatment. J Infect Dis. 1991; 164 (6): Duncan AJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and survival in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1991; 10 (5 Pt 1): Bailey TC, et al. Failure of prophylactic ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of lung transplants. J Infect Dis. 1992; 165 (3): Ettinger NA, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and pneumonitis. Impact after isolated lung transplantation. Washington University Lung Transplant Group. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 147 (4): Soghikian MV, et al. Impact of ganciclovir prophylaxis on heart-lung and lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1996; 15 (9): Merigan TC, et al. A controlled trial of ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after heart transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326 (18): Gane E, et al. Randomized trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. Lancet. 1997; 350: Hibberd PL, et al. Pre-emptive ganciclovir therapy to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in cytomegalovirus antibody-positive renal transplant recipients. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123 (1): Patel R, et al. Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1996; 61 (9): Singh N. Pre-emptive therapy versus universal prophylaxis with ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 32: Reusser P. Oral valganciclovir: a new option for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in immunocompromised hosts. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001; 10:

5 41. Grundy JE, et al. Symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection in seropositive kidney recipients: reinfection with donor virus rather than reactivation of recipient virus. Lancet. 1988; 2 (8603): Winston DJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Rev Infect Dis. 1990; 12 (Suppl. 7): S Rubin RH. Infection in the organ transplant recipient. In: Clinical Approaches to Infection in the Compromised Host. Edited by Rubin RH. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002; Sia IG and Patel R. New strategies for prevention and therapy of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000; 13 (1): van den Berg AP, et al. Antigenemia in the diagnosis and monitoring of active cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation. J Infect Dis. 1991; 164: Patel R, et al. A prospective comparison of molecular diagnostic techniques for the early detection of cytomegalovirus in liver transplant recipients. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171: Gerna G, et al. Comparative quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood leukocytes and plasma of transplant and AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1994; 32: Manez R, et al. Time to detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in blood leukocytes is a predictor for the development of CMV disease in CMV-seronegative recipients of allografts from CMV-seropositive donors following liver transplantation. J Infect Dis. 1996; 173: Cunningham R, et al. Detection of cytomegalovirus using PCR in serum from renal transplant recipients. J Clin Pathol. 1995; 48: Winston DJ, et al. Randomised comparison of ganciclovir and high-dose acyclovir for longterm cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients. Lancet. 1995; 346: Noble S and Faulds D. Ganciclovir. An update of its use in the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant recipients. Drugs. 1998; 56: Seu P, et al. Long-term ganciclovir prophylaxis for successful prevention of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMVseronegative liver transplant recipients with CMV-seropositive donors. Transplantation. 1997; 64: Wiltshire H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after its oral administration and from its prodrug, valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3(Suppl. 5): Pescovitz MD, et al. Valganciclovir results in improved oral absorption of ganciclovir in liver transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44: Couchoud C. Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with antiviral agents for solid organ transplantation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; CD Das A. Cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplantation: economic implications. Pharmacoeconomics. 2003; 21(7): Hebart H, et al. CMV Infection in Bone Marrow and Solid Organ Transplant Patients in the Era of Antiviral Prophylaxis. Herpes. 2000; 7 (1): Flechner SM, et al. A randomized prospective controlled trial of oral acyclovir versus oral ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high-risk kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1998; 66: Pescovitz MD, et al. Valganciclovir for prevention of CMV disease: 12 month follow up of a randomized trial of 364 D+/R Bibliografía 73

6 Bibliografía 74 transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3 (Suppl. 5): Singh N, et al. Changes in the level of CMV antigenemia (pp65) in liver transplant recipients receiving oral ganciclovir as CMV prophylaxis. Transplantation. 1999; 67: S Limaye AP, et al. Emergence of ganciclovirresistant cytomegalovirus disease among recipients of solid-organ transplants. Lancet. 2000; 356: Boivin G, et al. Valganciclovir prophylaxis is not associated with the emergence of CMV UL97 and UL54 resistance mutations in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3 (Suppl. 5): Winston DJ, et al. Long-term ganciclovir prophylaxis eliminates serious cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients receiving OKT3 therapy for rejection. Transplantation. 1995; 60: Winston DJ and Busuttil RW. Randomized controlled trial of oral ganciclovir versus oral acyclovir after induction with intravenous ganciclovir for long-term prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in cytomegalovirusseropositive liver transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2003; 75 (2): Conti DJ, et al. Preemptive ganciclovir therapy in cytomegalovirus-seropositive renal transplants recipients. Arch Surg. 1995; 130 (11): ; discussion Kelly J, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and cost effectiveness of pre-emptive therapy as directed by CMV antigenemia and prophylaxis with ganciclovir in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000; 19: Nakamura R, et al. High-dose acyclovir and preemptive ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in myeloablative and non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002; 30: Paya CV, et al. Pre-emptive use of oral ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis. 2002; 185: Torre-Cisneros J, et al. Pre-emptive oral ganciclovir can reduce the risk of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002; 8 (12): Humar A, et al. Clinical utility of quantitative cytomegalovirus viral load determination for predicting cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1999; 68 (9): Emery VC, et al. Application of viral-load kinetics to identify patients who develop cytomegalovirus disease after transplantation. Lancet. 2000; 355 (9220): Humar A, et al. Clinical utility of viral load testing for predicting CMV disease in D+/R transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3 (Suppl. 5): Hart GD and Paya CV. Prophylaxis for CMV should now replace pre-emptive therapy in solid organ transplantation. Rev Med Virol. 2001; 11 (2): Emery VC. [Comment on: Rev Med Virol. 2001; 11 (2): Prophylaxis for CMV should not now replace pre-emptive therapy in solid organ transplantation.] Rev Med Virol. 2001; 11 (2): British Transplantation Society. Guidelines for the prevention and management of cytomegalovirus disease after solid organ transplantation. British Transplantation Society Guidelines. February 2002 [ISBN ]; Felsenstein D, et al. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with 9-[2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103:

7 77. Buhles WCJ, et al. Ganciclovir treatment of lifeor sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infection: experience in 314 immunocompromised patients. Rev Infect Dis. 1988; 10 (Suppl. 3): S495-S Jacobson MA, et al. Randomized prospective trial of ganciclovir maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. J Med Virol. 1988; 25: Spector SA, et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load is an independent predictor of CMV disease and survival in advanced AIDS. J Virol. 1999; 73 (8): Valcyte (valganciclovir hydrochloride tablets) prescribing information. Nutley, NJ: Roche Laboratories Inc Palestine AG, et al. Ophthalmic involvement in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1984; 91: Klatt EC and Shibata D. Cytomegalovirus infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical and autopsy findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988; 112: Deayton JR, et al. Changes in the natural history of cytomegalovirus retinitis following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2000; 14 (9): Doan S, et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIVinfected patients with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999; 128: Holland GN. Treatment options for cytomegalovirus retinitis: a time for reassessment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999; 117: Mar E-C, et al. Inhibition of cellular DNA polymerase a and human cytomegalovirusinduced DNA polymerase by the triphosphates of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine and 9- (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine. J Virol. 1985; 53: Biron KK, et al. Metabolic activation of the nucleoside analog 9-[(2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl) ethoxy]methyl) guanine in human diploid fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985; 82: Matthews T and Boehme R. Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of ganciclovir. Rev Infect Dis. 1988; 10 (Suppl. 3): S Martin DF, et al. A controlled trial of valganciclovir as induction therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. NEJM. 2002; 346 (15): Czock D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of valganciclovir and ganciclovir in renal impairment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002; 72 (2): Wiltshire H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after its oral administration and from its prodrug, valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3 (Suppl. 5): Brown F, et al. Pharmacokinetics of valganciclovir and ganciclovir following multiple oral dosages of valganciclovir in HIVand CMV-seropositive volunteers. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999; 37: Cymevene Summary of Product Characteristics Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK. 94. Data on file (Studies WP16296E and WP16303E), F Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ Wiltshire H, et al. Pharmacodynamics of safety and efficacy for ganciclovir after its oral administration and from its prodrug, valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3 (Suppl. 5): Limaye AP, et al. High incidence of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus infection Bibliografía 75

8 among lung transplant recipients receiving preemptive therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002; 185: Emery VC. Progress in understanding cytomegalovirus drug resistance. J Clin Virol. 2001; 21: Emery VC, et al. The dynamics of human cytomegalovirus replication in vivo. J Exp Med. 1999; 190: Data on file (Research Report ), F Hoffman-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ Data on file (Research Report ), F Hoffman-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ Lalezari J, et al. A Safety study of oral valganciclovir maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. JAIDS. 2002; 30: Valcyte Summary of Product Characteristics Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK. Bibliografía 76