Gay Community Periodic Survey Melbourne 2013

Transcription

1 Gay Community Periodic Survey Melbourne 0 Never Stand Still Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences National Centre in HIV Social Research Evelyn Lee Limin Mao Tex McKenzie Colin Batrouney Michael West Garrett Prestage Iryna Zablotska John de Wit Martin Holt National Centre in HIV Social Research Victorian AIDS Council/Gay Men s Health Centre Department of Health, Victoria The Kirby Institute

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3 Gay Community Periodic Survey MELBOURNE 0 Evelyn Lee Limin Mao Tex McKenzie Colin Batrouney Michael West Garrett Prestage Iryna Zablotska John de Wit Martin Holt National Centre in HIV Social Research Victorian AIDS Council/Gay Men s Health Centre Victorian Department of Health The Kirby Institute National Centre in HIV Social Research Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of New South Wales

4 National Centre in HIV Social Research John Goodsell Building University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 05 Australia Tel: Fax: Website: National Centre in HIV Social Research 0 ISBN Cover photograph Bigstock/purmar, reproduced under licence Design and layout by Judi Rainbow The National Centre in HIV Social Research is partially funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing and is located within Arts and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales. Suggested citation: Lee, E., Mao, L., McKenzie, T., Batrouney, C., West, M., Prestage, G., Zablotska, I., de Wit, J., & Holt, M. (0). Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales. Available at

5 Contents Acknowledgments List of tables Glossary ii iii v Executive summary Key points Demographic profile HIV testing, status and treatment Sexual partnerships and practices Regular male partners Casual male partners Sexual health Recreational drug use 5 Knowledge and use of PEP and PrEP 5 Findings 6 Reporting 6 Tables 6 Appendix A Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 i

6 Acknowledgments We acknowledge the following individuals and organisations for contributing to the success of this project: Victorian Department of Health who funded the project Victorian AIDS Council/Gay Men s Health Centre for ongoing support of the study and assistance in data collection Survey coordinator Tex McKenzie Recruiters who successfully recruited participants at venues and events Survey participants The,9 men who contributed their time to ensure that the study was fully inclusive of their particular circumstances Venues The management and staff of the various gay community venues and clinics who gave permission for the survey to be administered on their premises National Centre in HIV Social Research Judi Rainbow ii Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

7 List of tables Table : Recruitment venue 8 Table : Age 8 Table : HIV testing 8 Table : HIV test result 9 Table 5: Use of combination antiretroviral treatment among HIV-positive men at the time of the survey 9 Table 6: Undetectable viral load and CD count among HIV-positive men at the time of the survey, by treatment status 9 Table 7: Relationships with men at the time of the survey 0 Table 8: Agreements with regular male partners about sex within the relationship 0 Table 9: Agreements with regular male partners about sex outside the relationship Table 0: Match of HIV status between regular partners Table : Anal intercourse and condom use with regular partners Table : Unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners, by match of HIV status Table : HIV-negative men who engaged in UAIR and always used riskreduction strategies with partners who were not concordant Table : Anal intercourse and condom use with casual partners Table 5: Any unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, by HIV status of participants Table 6: Disclosure of HIV status to or from casual partners, by HIV status of participants Table 7: Consistent disclosure of HIV status to casual partners by men who engaged in unprotected anal intercourse, by HIV status of participants Table 8: Positioning in unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners, by HIV status of participants Table 9: Men who always used risk-reduction strategies when engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, by HIV status of participants 5 Table 0: Where men met their male sex partners in the six months prior to the survey 6 Table : Knowledge about syphilis 6 Table : STI testing among HIV-positive men in the months prior to the survey 7 Table : STI testing among HIV-negative men in the months prior to the survey 7 Table : Recreational drug use among all men in the six months prior to the survey 8 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 iii

8 Table 5: Recreational drug use among HIV-positive men in the six months prior to the survey 9 Table 6: Recreational drug use among HIV-negative men in the six months prior to the survey 9 Table 7: Injecting drug use in the six months prior to the survey, by HIV status of participants 0 Table 8: Party drug use and group sex among all men in the six months prior to the survey 0 Table 9: Knowledge that post-exposure prophylaxis is available 0 iv Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

9 Glossary AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome ART antiretroviral treatment HIV human immunodeficiency virus HIV-seroconcordant relationship a relationship in which both partners are of the same HIV status, either HIV-positive or HIV-negative HIV-serodiscordant relationship a relationship in which both partners are known (as a result of testing) to be of different HIV status, e.g. HIV-positive and HIVnegative HIV-serononconcordant relationship a relationship in which the HIV status of at least one partner in the relationship is not known, e.g. HIV-positive and untested, HIV-negative and untested, or both untested HIV status a person s antibody status established by HIV testing, e.g. HIV-negative, HIV-positive, or unknown (untested) PEP post-exposure prophylaxis PLWHA people living with HIV/AIDS PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis STI sexually transmissible infection UAIC unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners UAIR unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 v

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11 Executive summary The Melbourne Gay Community Periodic Survey is a cross-sectional survey of gay and homosexually active men recruited at a range of gay community sites in Melbourne. The major aim of the survey is to provide data on sexual, drug use and testing practices related to the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) among gay men. The most recent survey, the fifteenth in Melbourne, recruited,9 men in January 0 at gay social venues (e.g. bars, gyms), sex-onpremises venues, sexual health clinics and the Midsumma Carnival. The response rate was 66.5%. The data presented in this report are from the period From its start in 998, the project has been funded by the Victorian Department of Health and supported by the Victorian AIDS Council and Living Positive Victoria. The National Centre in HIV Social Research coordinates the survey, with support from the Kirby Institute. Since 009 there has been a significant increase in the proportion of men recruited from social venues and a corresponding decrease in the proportion of men recruited at sexual health clinics and sex-on-premises venues. The proportion of men recruited from Midsumma Carnival has remained stable over time. Key points The proportion of men who have ever been tested for HIV has fallen over time (to 8.% in 0). In 0 the proportion of non-hiv-positive men reporting a recent HIV test (in the months prior to the survey) remained stable at 69.%. The proportion of HIV-positive men on antiretroviral treatment was 8.% in 0. This proportion has increased over time. Nearly all the men on treatment reported an undetectable viral load at the time of the survey. There has been a rapid uptake in the use of mobile applications to find sex partners. In 0, mobile apps were the most common way to meet partners, reported by 8.5% of men. The use of all other methods to meet partners, including the internet, has declined over time. The proportion of men reporting any unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners (UAIR) was 5.% in 0. The proportion reporting UAIR has declined slightly over time. The proportion of men reporting any unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAIC) was.9% in 0. The proportion reporting UAIC is stable over time. Demographic profile As in previous surveys, the men in the sample were primarily of Anglo-Australian background, lived in metropolitan Melbourne or urban Victoria, were well-educated and in full-time employment. The majority of men (7.%) were born in Australia. In 0,.% (n = 55) of the sample reported an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background. The proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men in the survey has remained stable since 009. There has been no significant change in age distribution in the sample during the last 5 years. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

12 Executive summary HIV testing, status and treatment In 0, eight out of ten men (8.%) reported having ever been tested for HIV. The proportion of men who have ever been tested for HIV decreased significantly between 0 and 0 and has been decreasing gradually over time. Among non-hiv-positive men, the proportion who reported testing for HIV in the months prior to the survey has remained stable over the last 5 years (and was 69.% in 0). Among men who reported having ever been tested for HIV, the majority reported their HIV status as HIV-negative (89.%). Smaller proportions reported being HIVpositive (8.%) or not knowing their HIV status (.7%). Between 009 and 0, the proportion of HIV-negative men increased significantly while the proportion of men who did not know their status declined. In 0, new questions were added about where participants had their last HIV test and the number of HIV tests in the months prior to survey. Over 0% of participants who had ever been tested for HIV reported their last test being at a general practice (n = 8,.%). Among non-hiv-positive men who had been tested for HIV in the months prior to the 0 survey, 7 (58.%) reported having been tested more than once. In 0, eight out of ten (8.%) HIV-positive men indicated that they were currently taking combination antiretroviral treatment (ART). This proportion has increased significantly between 009 and 0. Most HIV-positive men on ART reported an undetectable viral load (9.%) with half of them reporting a CD count of more than 500 (n = 6) at the time of the survey. Sexual partnerships and practices At the time of the 0 survey, one-third of men reported being in a monogamous relationship with a male partner (.0%). Similar proportions of men reported having only casual partners (.%) or having both regular and casual male partners (6.9%). There were 5.9% of men who reported no sexual relationships with men at the time of the survey. From 009 to 0, there has been a significant decrease in the proportion of men who reported having no current sexual relationships with men or having both regular and casual male partners. The proportion of men in monogamous relationships has increased significantly during the reporting period. In 0, during the six months prior to the survey over one-third of men said they had had sex with men they met through the internet (5.7%) or had used a mobile phone application like Grindr to meet sex partners (8.5%). Other commonly reported locations used to find male sex partners were gay bars (8.%), gay saunas (6.%) and visiting Australian cities other than Melbourne (7.%) or overseas (7.%). There has been a rapid increase in the use of mobile phone applications between 0 and 0 (from.6% to 8.5%). Over time, the use of all other ways to meet men such as the internet, bars, beats, saunas and sex-on-premises venues has declined significantly. Regular male partners Among men with regular partners in the six months prior to the 0 survey, almost two in three men (6.%) reported an agreement with their regular partner about sex within the relationship and a smaller proportion (5.8%) reported an agreement about sex outside the relationship. In 0, the most commonly held agreements about sex within a relationship specified that anal intercourse could occur without a condom (5.0%) or that condoms must always be used for anal intercourse (.5%). The most commonly held agreements about sex outside a relationship specified that casual sex was not allowed (5.8%) or that condoms must always be used for anal intercourse Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

13 Executive summary with casual partners (.%). The proportions of men who reported an agreement to not have casual sex or always use condoms for anal intercourse with casual partners have increased significantly since 009. Among HIV-positive men who had regular partners in the six months prior to the 0 survey, a third (9.%) reported that they had a serodiscordant partner. There were similar proportions in seroconcordant (.8%) and serononconcordant (5.9%) relationships. There was no significant change in these relationship types during the reporting period. Compared to HIV-positive men, HIV-negative men with regular partners were more likely to be in seroconcordant relationships in the 0 survey. Most HIV-negative men with regular partners were in seroconcordant relationships (7.%) and one in four was in a serononconcordant relationship (.7%). A small proportion of HIVnegative men reported having a serodiscordant partner (.%). Since 009, there has been a significant upward trend of HIV-negative men in seroconcordant relationships and a corresponding decrease in serononconcordant relationships. More than half the men with a regular partner in the six months prior to the 0 survey reported some UAIR with their partner (5.%), while less than a quarter reported always using condoms for anal intercourse (.%). About one in four reported having no anal intercourse with their regular partner (.5%). Between 009 and 0, the proportions of men who reported always using condoms for anal intercourse or any unprotected anal intercourse with their partner have decreased significantly. Among HIV-positive participants with regular partners in the six months prior to the 0 survey, more than one in four (6.8%) reported UAIR with seroconcordant partners, 6.6% reported UAIR that was not concordant, and another 6.6% reported no UAIR. These categories have remained stable over time. Compared to HIVpositive men, HIV-negative men with regular partners are more likely to restrict UAIR to concordant partners or avoid UAIR altogether. Among HIV-negative participants with regular partners in the six months prior to the 0 survey, there were similar proportions of men who reported seroconcordant UAIR (.%) or avoided UAIR (5.8%). As for the remainder, only one in ten men (9.9%) reported UAIR that was not concordant. In 0, among HIV-negative men who reported UAIR with partners who were not seroconcordant in the six months prior to the survey, 0.% reported always being the insertive partner (strategic positioning) and about one in five reported consistent withdrawal before ejaculation by their partner (.8%). Between 009 and 0 the proportion of HIV-negative men who reported strategic positioning (being insertive only) when practising UAIR did not change significantly. Casual male partners Use of condoms for anal intercourse remains more common with casual partners than with regular partners. In 0, almost half of men with casual partners in the six months prior to the survey reported always using condoms for anal intercourse (7.6%); slightly less than one-third (.9%) reported any unprotected anal intercourse (UAIC) prior to the survey. The proportion of men reporting consistent condom use with casual partners has increased significantly from.7% in 009 to 7.6% in 0. In 0, HIV-positive men with any casual partners in the six months prior to survey remained more likely to report any UAIC (6.7%) than their HIV-negative counterparts (8.0%). The proportions of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men reporting UAIC have not changed significantly since 009. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

14 Executive summary In 0, disclosure of HIV status before sex to any casual partners in the six months prior to survey was more commonly reported by HIV-positive men (75.8%) than by HIV-negative men (55.9%). Similarly, two-thirds of HIV-positive men (66.7%) reported HIV disclosure from their casual partners compared to 56.5% of their HIV-negative counterparts. While HIV disclosure by HIV-positive men has remained stable over time, HIV disclosure has become increasingly common between HIV-negative men and their casual partners. A similar upward trend has also been observed among HIVnegative men who had UAIC and consistently disclosed to all their casual partners in the six months prior to survey. In 0, new questions about non-condom-based risk-reduction practices were added to the questionnaire. Among HIV-positive men who reported UAIC in the six months prior to the 0 survey, over half (5.7%) said they knew they had an undetectable viral load before they had UAIC, while over a quarter (9.7%) said that they always made sure that their partners were HIV-positive before sex (serosorting). Much smaller proportions (less than 0%) reported always taking the receptive role during UAIC (strategic positioning) or always withdrawing before ejaculation. It is quite likely that the proportion reporting use of undetectable viral load as a deliberate strategy is exaggerated; while the vast majority of HIV-positive men in the survey reported an undetectable viral load, other research suggests continuing scepticism among HIV-positive men about relying on undetectable viral load to prevent transmission. In 0, among HIV-negative men who reported UAIC in the six months prior to the 0 survey, over a quarter (8.6%) said they always made sure their partners were HIV-negative before sex. Around one in ten reported consistently taking the insertive role during UAIC (strategic positioning) or that their casual partners always withdrew before ejaculating inside them. Very few (<%) HIV-negative men reported taking anti-hiv medication before or after UAIC. However a surprisingly high proportion of HIV-negative men who had UAIC (8.%) said that when they had an HIV-positive partner, they ensured he had an undetectable viral load before UAIC. Between 0 and 0, the proportion of HIV-negative men reporting serosorting was stable. Sexual health As in previous surveys, in 0 a higher proportion of HIV-positive men (9.%) reported having had any sexual health test (including blood tests) in the months prior to survey, compared with HIV-negative men (69.9%). The proportions of HIVnegative and HIV-positive men reporting any STI testing have remained stable during the reporting period. The proportions of HIV-positive men reporting anal swabs, penile swabs or urine tests in the months prior to the survey have increased significantly between 009 and 0. There are similar increases in the proportions of HIV-negative men reporting anal swabs, throat swabs or urine tests in the same period. In 0, 8.9% of HIV-positive men and 57.5% of HIV-negative men reported a blood test for syphilis in the months prior to survey. The majority of men were aware that syphilis can be symptomless (7.7%) and that it is transmissible through oral sex Holt, M., Murphy, D. A., Callander, D. J., Ellard, J., Rosengarten, M., Kippax, S. C., & de Wit, J. (0). HIV-negative and HIV-positive gay men s attitudes to medicines, HIV treatments and antiretroviral-based prevention. AIDS & Behavior, 6(6), Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

15 Chapter title here (70.%). There were no significant changes in the syphilis knowledge indicators between 0 and 0. In 0, 78 men (.9%) reported being diagnosed with any STI (other than HIV) in the months prior to the survey. Among these men, three-quarters (76.6%) told at least one of their sex partners about their diagnosis and close to one third (n = 89,.0%) told all of their sex partners. Recreational drug use Recreational drug use in the six months prior to survey was common within the sample, with the most frequently used drugs being amyl/poppers (.%), marijuana (7.7%), ecstasy (6.6%) and Viagra (5.%). The proportion of men who say they haven t used any drugs in the six months prior to the survey has increased significantly over time, while the proportion of men who reported using more than two drugs has dropped significantly. Between 009 and 0, there have been significant decreases in the use of marijuana, ecstasy, speed/ amphetamine, ketamine and mephedrone. In general, HIV-positive men remain more likely to report recreational drug use in the six months prior to the survey compared with HIV-negative men (78.% vs 55.7% in 0). Also, HIV-positive men remain considerably more likely to report any injecting drug use compared with HIV-negative men (5.% vs.9% in 0). Knowledge and use of PEP and PrEP In 0, more than half of non-hiv-positive participants (58.0%) reported knowing that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was available. There has been no change in PEP awareness during the reporting period. In 0, new questions assessing the use of PEP or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were introduced. Sixty-eight (.%) non-hiv-positive men reported taking a prescribed course of PEP after exposure to HIV in the six months prior to survey. A smaller group of non-hiv-positive men (n = 0,.8%) reported taking anti-hivmedication to reduce their chance of getting HIV in the six months prior to the survey (which could be indicative of PrEP use). However, most of the 0 men who took anti-hiv medication to reduce the chance of getting HIV reported taking prescribed medication (n = 9), which suggests confusion with PEP or repurposing of PEP drugs, given that PrEP is not formally available in Australia. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 5

16 Findings Reporting Data are shown for the period Each table includes the statistical significance, if any, of the change between 0 and 0 and the trend over time (009 0). An alpha level of.05 was used for all statistical tests. Changes between 0 and 0 were assessed with logistic regression (comparing one category with all the others). The p-value of the logistic regression test (if shown) indicates a statistically significant change within that category compared with all the others. For statistically significant trends over time, also tested with logistic regression, the direction of the change (an increase or decrease) is indicated. Where there is no significant change, ns (non-significant) is shown. Where there are low frequencies or data over time are not comparable, tests have not been performed and are marked NA (not applicable). Please exercise caution when interpreting results where there are low frequencies. When data are missing or were not collected in a given year, this is indicated in the table by a dash ( ). Tables The findings of the survey are presented in tables to 9 below. 6 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

17 Findings Table : Recruitment venue Change from 0 Midsumma Carnival, (67.),67 (67.0),8 (6.7),07 (6.7),658 (70.9) Increase p <.00 ns Sexual health clinics 9 (.) 55 (6.) 5 (.) (.) 59 (.5) Increase p <.00 Decrease p <.00 Sex-on-premises venues 97 (.9) 85 (.7) 5 (.) 8 (.8) (9.5) Decrease p <.00 Decrease p <.0 Gay social venues 5 (.8) 65 (5.0) (.9) 9 (.) 99 (7.) Decrease p <.00 Increase p <.00 Total,5 (00), (00),99 (00),05 (00),9 (00) Table : Age Change from 0 Under 5 80 (8.) 67 (9.) 5 (8.) 65 (7.9) 6 (9.) ns ns (8.7) 8 (8.5) 8 (7.6) 6 (7.8) (9.) ns ns (9.8) 69 (6.8) 55 (8.) 57 (8.0) 65 (7.7) ns ns (.) 5 (.) (.0) 55 (.) 96 (.) ns ns 50 and over 5 (.9) 8 (.) 6 (.7) 8 (.9) 96 (.7) ns ns Total,06 (00),5 (00),9 (00),0 (00),7(00) Table : HIV testing Change from 0 All participants Ever tested for HIV,880 (88.),09 (85.7),656 (85.9),77 (86.),966 (8.) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.0 Total,5 (00), (00),99 (00),05 (00),9 (00) Non-HIV-positive participants Tested in the previous months,9 (70.0),0 (70.),0 (70.),5 (69.9),5 (69.) ns ns Total,70 (00),857 (00),76 (00),609 (00),796 (00) 8 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

18 Findings Table : HIV test result Change from 0 HIV-positive 50 (8.0) 5 (0.) 6 (9.7) 56 (8.8) 58 (8.) ns ns HIV-negative,56 (8.6),80 (86.5),5 (88.0),57 (88.9),750 (89.9) ns Increase p <.00 Unknown/no results 56 (8.) 67 (.) 8 (.) (.) 9 (.0) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,869 (00),085 (00),65 (00),768 (00),97 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who have ever been tested for HIV. Table 5: Use of combination antiretroviral treatment among HIV-positive men at the time of the survey Change from 0 Men on treatment 98 (67.6) 55 (7.5) 9 (76.8) 0 (77.9) (8.) ns Increase p <.0 Total 5 (00) 08 (00) 55 (00) 5 (00) 8 (00) Table 6: Undetectable viral load and CD count among HIV-positive men at the time of the survey, by treatment status Change from 0 Men on treatment Undetectable viral load 9 (9.9) 8 (89.0) (9.) 0 (9.7) (9.) NA NA CD count > (5.) 6 (50.8) ns - Total 98 (00) 55 (00) 9 (00) 0 (00) (00) Men not on treatment Undetectable viral load (6.) 0 (7.7) (0.6) 8 (.5) 6 (.) NA NA CD count > (55.9) 7 (65.) ns - Total 7 (00) 5 (00) 6 (00) (00) 6 (00) Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 9

19 Findings Table 7: Relationships with men at the time of the survey Change from 0 None 7 (8.6) 8 (5.6) 5 (6.) 8 (5.9) ns Decrease p <.05 Casual only 60 (.0) (.9) 85 (.9) 50 (.) ns ns Regular plus casual 60 (0.) 5 (9.6) 569 (9.) 589 (6.9) ns Decrease p <.05 Regular only (monogamous) 567 (8.) 558 (0.9) 580 (9.8) 7 (.0) Increase p <.05 Increase p <.0 Total,00 (00),805 (00),99 (00),90 (00) Note: A formatting error in the 00 questionnaire produced unreliable figures for this question, so they were omitted. Table 8: Agreements with regular male partners about sex within the relationship Change from 0 No agreement about sex within the relationship 757 (9.) 679 (.8) 96 (7.) 56 (8.) 597 (7.8) ns Decrease p <.00 No sex within the relationship permitted 8 (5.) 0 (.0) 0 (.) 7 (.) ns Decrease p <.00 No anal intercourse permitted 78 (5.) 7 (.6) 5 (.8) 5 (.8) 5 (.) ns Decrease p <.05 Anal intercourse permitted only with a condom 90 (8.9) 5 (.7) 8 (.6) (.5) 9 (.5) ns Increase p <.05 Anal intercourse permitted without a condom (6.9) 5 (6.8) 7 (.) 57 (.5) 55 (5.0) ns Increase p <.00 Total,58 (00),6 (00), (00),07 (00),580 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having a regular male partner in the six months prior to the survey. 0 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

20 Findings Table 9: Agreements with regular male partners about sex outside the relationship Change from 0 No agreement about casual sex 870 (56.6) 7 (5.) 60 (5.) 6 (5.7) 70 (6.) ns Decrease p <.00 No sex with casual partners permitted (.0) 00 (.6) 0 (5.5) 5 (.6) 08 (5.8) ns Increase p <.0 No anal intercourse with casual partners permitted 56 (.6) 77 (.7) 6 (.8) 55 (.9) 5 (.9) ns ns Anal intercourse with casual partners permitted only with a condom 57 (6.7) 5 (.8) 89 (.7) (.0) 9 (.) ns Increase p <.00 Anal intercourse with casual partners permitted without a condom (.) 6 (.8) 5 (.6) 0 (.8) 8 (.0) ns ns Total,58 (00),6 (00), (00),07 (00),580 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having a regular male partner in the six months prior to the survey. Table 0: Match of HIV status between regular partners Change from 0 HIV-positive men Seroconcordant (.) 8 (56.) 5 (5.) 6 (.) 9 (.8) ns ns Serodiscordant (0.6) (.) 9 (7.6) (6.6) (9.) ns ns Serononconcordant 9 (7.) (.6) (.0) 5 (.) 9 (5.9) ns ns Total 06 (00) 6 (00) 05 (00) (00) (00) HIV-negative men Seroconcordant 66 (58.7) 67 (9.7) 775 (7.9) 86 (7.5) 88 (7.) ns Increase p <.00 Serodiscordant 9 (.) (.7) 8 (.6) (.7) 5 (.) ns ns Serononconcordant 6 (6.9) 59 (7.7) 6 (.5) 5 (.8) 06 (.7) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,7(00),(00),09 (00), (00),0 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having a regular male partner in the six months prior to the survey. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

21 Findings Table : Anal intercourse and condom use with regular partners Change from 0 No anal intercourse 96 (9.) 97 (.) 0 (.8) (.7) 87 (.5) ns Increase p <.00 Always uses a condom (7.6) (7.) 6 (5.) 85 (7.) 66 (.) Increase p <.0 Decrease p <.05 Sometimes does not use a condom 88 (5.) 985 (60.7) 69 (5.0) 689 (9.0) 87 (5.) ns Decrease p <.0 Total,58 (00),6 (00), (00),07 (00),580 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having a regular male partner in the six months prior to the survey. Table : Unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners, by match of HIV status Change from 0 HIV-positive men Seroconcordant UAIR (.) 68 (6.6) (.0) 6 (.) 0 (6.8) ns ns Not concordant UAIR 9 (6.9) 7 (5.) 5 (.8) 5 (.) (6.6) ns ns No UAIR 55 (50.9) (8.) 7 (5.) (6.6) (6.6) ns ns Total 08 (00) 6 (00) 05 (00) (00) (00) HIV-negative men Seroconcordant UAIR 7 (8.0) (.9) 0 (.0) 5 (0.0) 59 (.) Increase p <.05 Increase p <.00 Not concordant UAIR 0 (7.6) (6.7) 0 (.) (0.) (9.9) ns Decrease p <.00 No UAIR 5 (.5) 90 (9.5) 99 (7.6) 55 (9.8) 568 (5.8) ns Increase p <.0 Total,5 (00), (00),09 (00), (00),0 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having a regular male partner in the six months prior to the survey. Table : HIV-negative men who engaged in UAIR and always used risk-reduction strategies with partners who were not concordant Change from 0 Took insertive position during UAIR 59 (9.) 00 (0.) 5 (.5) (.) 5 (0.) ns ns Partner withdrew before ejaculation when participant was receptive 5 (6.7) 55 (6.6) (0.0) 7 (.9) 8 (.8) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive) 0 0 Note: This table only includes data from HIV-negative men who reported UAIR that was not concordant in the six months prior to the survey. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

22 Findings Table : Anal intercourse and condom use with casual partners Change from 0 No anal intercourse 50 (.9) 8 (.) 6 (.6) 80 (.) 87 (0.5) ns Decrease p <.05 Always uses a condom 600 (.7) 70 (.) 57 (.8) 590 (6.) 665 (7.6) ns Increase p <.0 Sometimes does not use a condom 55 (.) 550 (.6) (.6) 00 (.5) 6 (.9) ns ns Total,05 (00),59 (00),5 (00),70 (00),98 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having casual male partners in the six months prior to the survey. Table 5: Any unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, by HIV status of participants Change from 0 HIV-positive men 7 (57.9) 0 (60.) 85 (66.) 77 (65.) 7 (6.7) ns ns Total 6 (00) 68 (00) 8 (00) 8 (00) 0 (00) HIV-negative men (0.0) 76 (.) 9 (0.7) 8 (8.) 0 (8.0) ns ns Total,08 (00),0 (00) 98 (00) 996 (00),085 (00) Untested and unknown status 68 (9.) 7 (.) 8 (.) 0 (5.6) 68 (5.) ns ns Total (00) 0 (00) 9 (00) 56 (00) 9 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having casual male partners in the six months prior to the survey. Untested and unknown status includes men who have never been tested for HIV and men who have been tested but do not know their results. Table 6: Disclosure of HIV status to or from casual partners, by HIV status of participants Change from 0 HIV-positive men Told casual partners 88 (69.8) 9 (70.8) 0 (80.5) 9 (78.8) 9 (75.8) ns ns Told by casual partners 7 (57.9) 99 (58.9) 8 (6.) 80 (67.8) 80 (66.7) ns Increase p <.05 Total (not mutually exclusive) (00) HIV-negative men Told casual partners 68 (.7) 57 (7.7) 97 (5.) 50 (5.) 607 (55.9) ns Increase p <.00 Told by casual partners 7 (5.) 585 (8.6) 96 (5.) 55 (5.7) 6 (56.5) ns Increase p <.00 Total (not mutually exclusive),08, ,085 Note: This table only includes data from men who reported having casual male partners in the six months prior to the survey Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

23 Findings Table 7: Consistent disclosure of HIV status to casual partners by men who engaged in unprotected anal intercourse, by HIV status of participants Disclosed to all Change from 0 HIV-positive men 6 (5.6) 8 (7.6) (0.0) (.9) (.6) ns ns Total 7 (00) 0 (00) 85 (00) 77 (00) 7 (00) HIV-negative men 7 (.9) (9.8) 79 (7.) 98 (.6) 0 (.) ns Increase p <.0 Total (00) 76 (00) 9 (00) 8 (00) 0 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported that they had UAIC in the six months prior to the survey. Table 8: Positioning in unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners, by HIV status of participants Change from 0 HIV-positive men Receptive only UAIC 5 (0.6) (0.8) (.) (5.6) 5 (0.) ns ns Total 7 (00) 0 (00) 85 (00) 77 (00) 7 (00) HIV-negative men Insertive only UAIC 0 (.) (5.) 97 (.) 96 (.9) 85 (8.0) ns ns Total (00) 76 (00) 9 (00) 8 (00) 0 (00) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported that they had UAIC in the six months prior to the survey. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

24 Findings Table 9: Men who always used risk-reduction strategies when engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, by HIV status of participants Change from 0 HIV-positive men Ensured partners were seroconcordant before UAIC (serosorting) 0 (5.) (5.) (9.7) ns ns Took receptive position during UAIC when partners were not concordant (.7) 7 (9.5) (.7) NA NA Participant withdrew before ejaculation when he was insertive (.5) (.) 7 (9.5) NA NA Participant ensured he had an undetectable viral load before having sex 9 (5.7) Total (not mutually exclusive) HIV-negative men Ensured partners were seroconcordant before UAIC (serosorting) 7 (5.) 79 (7.9) 87 (8.6) ns ns Took insertive position during UAIC when partners were not concordant (.) 6 (.7) 7 (.) NA NA Partner withdrew before ejaculation when participant was receptive (.) 7 (9.5) 9 (9.5) NA NA Ensured HIV-positive partner had an undetectable viral load before having sex 5 (8.) Participant took anti HIV medication before sex 7 (.) Participant took anti HIV medication after sex 9 (.0) Total (not mutually exclusive) Note: This table only includes data from men who reported that they had UAIC in the six months prior to the survey. Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 5

25 Findings Table 0: Where men met their male sex partners in the six months prior to the survey Change from 0 Internet 98 (0.) 77 (0.0) 806 (9.) 86 (5.7) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.00 Mobile app e.g. Grindr 56 (.6) 7 (5.) 90 (8.5) Increase p <.05 Increase p <.00 Gay bar 907 (7.) 669 (.7) 69 (.) 656 (8.) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.00 Gay saunas 869 (5.6) 66 (.5) 67 (0.) 6 (6.) Decrease p <.0 Decrease p <.00 Dance party 9 (8.0) 70 (.0) 57 (.5) 7 (.7) ns Decrease p <.00 Beat 7 (7.) (6.) 9 (.) 80 (.0) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.00 Other sex-on-premises venues (7.) 0 (6.6) 77 (.5) (0.) Decrease p <.00 Decrease p <.00 Private sex parties 95 (8.0) 8 (7.) (6.) (5.6) ns Decrease p <.00 Sex workers 68 (.8) 6 (.) 6 (.) (.8) Decrease p <.0 ns Gym 70 (7.0) 9 (6.) 9 (5.8) 7 (5.) ns Decrease p <.05 In other Australian cities 58 (.8) 96 (0.5) 07 (9.8) 0 (7.) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.00 Elsewhere in Australia 8 (5.7) 0 (5.7) 8 (.8) 86 (.) ns Decrease p <.00 Overseas 58 (.) 60 (8.7) 75 (8.) 98 (7.0) ns Decrease p <.00 Total (not mutually exclusive),,99,05,9 Table : Knowledge about syphilis Change from 0 Aware that syphilis can have no physical symptoms,87 (76.7),7 (7.),507 (7.),678 (7.7) ns Decrease p <.00 Aware that syphilis can be transmitted through oral sex,790 (7.),0 (68.),7 (7.7),69 (70.) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive),,99,05,9 6 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

26 Findings Table : STI testing among HIV-positive men in the months prior to the survey Change from 0 Anal swab 9 (6.7) (6.) 0 (67.5) 0 (6.) 5 (7.8) ns Increase p <.05 Throat swab 0 (69.) (60.) (68.7) 0 (65.6) 7 (7.) ns ns Penile swab 66 (.0) 0 (7.5) 90 (55.) 77 (9.0) 88 (55.7) ns Increase p <.05 Urine sample 0 (69.) 60 (7.7) (8.) 09 (69.) (8.9) Increase p <.0 Increase p <.05 Blood test other than for HIV (8.) 7 (79.) 6 (8.) 6 (7.9) 9 (75.) ns ns Blood test for syphilis 80 (8.0) 9 (85.) 9 (75.8) (8.9) ns ns Any STI test (excluding blood tests) 6 (77.) 66 (76.5) (86.5) 5 (7.) (8.8) Increase p <.05 ns Any STI test (including blood tests) 8 (9.0) 0 (9.6) 5 (9.6) (8.) (9.) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive) Note: From 00, the item Blood test for syphilis was added and included in the calculation for any STI test (including blood tests) Table : STI testing among HIV-negative men in the months prior to the survey Change from 0 Anal swab 67 (0.) 87 (5.) 66 (.7) 709 (5.0) 8 (6.6) ns Increase p <.0 Throat swab 70 (.) 89 (9.) 68 (6.5) 77 (7.) 878 (9.8) ns Increase p <.05 Penile swab 9 (.) 696 (8.) 59 (6.) 550 (.9) 6 (6.) ns ns Urine sample 80 (5.6),077 (59.) 80 (5.6) 899 (57.0),0 (58.5) ns Increase p <.05 Blood test other than for HIV 858 (5.),0 (56.8) 77 (5.0) 8 (5.) 99(5.) ns Decrease p <.05 Blood test for syphilis,5 (6.) 80 (5.8) 99 (58.),0 (57.5) ns Decrease p <.05 Any STI test (excluding blood test) 886 (56.),0 (6.6) 88 (57.) 95 (59.),09 (6.9) ns Increase p <.05 Any STI test (including blood tests),05 (66.8), (7.6) 976 (66.6),00 (69.8), (69.9) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive),579,80,66,576,76 Note: From 00, the item Blood test for syphilis was added and included in the calculation for any STI test (including blood tests) Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 7

27 Findings Table : Recreational drug use among all men in the six months prior to the survey Change from 0 Marijuana 650 (0.) 70 (9.9) 5 (7.6) 559 (7.) 67 (7.7) ns Decrease p <.0 Amyl nitrite (poppers) 78 (.) 9 (8.5) 68 (5.) 76 (5.) 78 (.) ns ns Ecstasy 60 (9.5) 70 (0.0) (.5) 7 (8.) 87 (6.6) ns Decrease p <.00 Amphetamine (speed) 86 (8.) 0 (6.) 9 (5.) 6 (.8) 75 (.8) ns Decrease p <.00 Crystal methamphetamine 96 (9.) 9 (7.9) 7 (8.9) 0 (9.8) 05 (8.8) ns ns Viagra (5.) 9 (6.) 9 (6.5) (6.) 55 (5.) ns ns Cocaine 96 (.9) 58 (.7) 9 (.) 6 (.7) 97 (.7) ns ns Ketamine (special K) 8 (6.0) 97 (8.) 6 (6.0) 7 (5.7) 97 (.) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.00 GHB (5.) 60 (6.6) 5 (6.5) (5.9) 7 (5.0) ns ns Heroin (.) (.) (.) (.) (0.9) ns ns Mephedrone (meow meow) 5 (.8) 55 (.7) (.8) Decrease p <.05 Decrease p <.05 Other drugs 06 (5.0) 6 (6.7) 6 (8.) 6 (7.9) 70 (7.) ns Increase p <.00 Total (not mutually exclusive),5,,99,05,9 Number of drugs used None 98 (.0) 976 (0.0) 90 (6.9) 99 (6.),0 (7.) ns Increase p <.00 One or two drugs 6 (9.7) 788 (.) 55 (8.6) 60 (.) 75 (.) ns ns More than two drugs 58 (7.) 678 (7.8) 7 (.6) 6 (.6) 85 (0.7) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,5 (00), (00),99 (00),05 (00),9 (00) 8 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

28 Findings Table 5: Recreational drug use among HIV-positive men in the six months prior to the survey Change from 0 Marijuana 75 (50.0) 9 (.) 56 (.) 68 (.) 6 (9.) ns ns Amyl nitrite (poppers) 90 (60.0) 7 (58.5) 90 (55.) 00 (6.7) 98 (6.0) ns ns Ecstasy 5 (.7) 85 (9.) (7.0) (.0) 0 (5.) ns Decrease p <.00 Amphetamine (speed) (.0) 5 (.5) 9 (7.8) (.0) 5 (.) ns ns Crystal methamphetamine 7 (.7) 5 (0.7) (5.) 0 (5.5) (7.9) ns ns Viagra 5 (6.0) 8 (8.7) 68 (.7) 6 (9.5) 6 (9.) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive) Number of drugs used None 0 (.) (0.) 6 (8.) (0.) (.5) ns ns One or two drugs 6 (.) 80 (6.9) 9 (0.) 65 (.) 56 (5.5) ns ns More than two drugs 68 (5.) 9 (.9) 68 (.7) 60 (8.) 68 (.0) ns ns Total 50 (00) 7 (00) 6 (00) 57 (00) 58 (00) Table 6: Recreational drug use among HIV-negative men in the six months prior to the survey Change from 0 Marijuana 9 (8.) 5 (8.8) 05 (7.6) 6 (7.0) 99 (8.) ns ns Amyl nitrite (poppers) 55 (.9) 707 (8.9) 56 (6.6) 586 (7.) 6 (.8) ns ns Ecstasy 77 (0.) 56 (0.8) (.8) 07 (9.5) 06 (7.) ns Decrease p <.00 Amphetamine (speed) 8 (7.8) 07 (6.9) (5.8) 6 (.7) 07 (.8) ns Decrease p <.00 Crystal methamphetamine (8.) (6.8) 8 (8.) 9 (9.5) 5 (8.) ns ns Viagra 0 (.6) 8 (5.) (6.0) 5 (6.) 6 (.9) ns ns Total (not mutually exclusive),579,80,66,576,76 Number of drugs used None 686 (.5) 7 (9.) 66 (5.) 696 (.) 78 (.) ns ns One or two drugs 7 (0.0) 60 (.) 7 (9.8) 5 (.6) 6 (.8) ns Increase p <.05 More than two drugs 9 (6.5) 50 (7.7) 65 (.9) 67 (.) 66 (0.8) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,579 (00),80 (00),66 (00),576 (00),76 (00) Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 9

29 Findings Table 7: Injecting drug use in the six months prior to the survey, by HIV status of participants Change from 0 All men 07 (5.0) 9 (.8) 75 (.9) 67 (.) 70 (.0) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,5 (00), (00),99 (00),05 (00),9 (00) HIV-positive men (.7) 6 (.0) 5 (5.) 6 (6.6) (5.) ns ns Total 50 (00) 7 (00) 6 (00) 57 (00) 58 (00) HIV-negative men 69 (.) 9 (.7) 6 (.5) 7 (.) (.9) ns Decrease p <.00 Total,579 (00),80 (00),66 (00),576 (00),76 (00) Table 8: Party drug use and group sex among all men in the six months prior to the survey Change from 0 Used party drugs for sex 77 (7.7) 7 (8.) 06 (5.9) 00 (.6) 6 (.8) ns Decrease p <.00 Engaged in group sex during or after drug use (6.) 95 (.) 97 (0.) 9 (9.) 88 (8.0) ns Decrease p <.00 Total (not mutually exclusive),5,,99,05,9 Table 9: Knowledge that post-exposure prophylaxis is available Change from 0 All men,6 (6.6),5 (6.),0 (57.),0 (59.),98 (59.8) ns ns Total,5 (00), (00),99 (00),05 (00),9 (00) Non-HIV-positive men,8 (59.6), (60.) 96 (5.6),088 (57.),6 (58.0) ns ns Total,985 (00),5 (00),767 (00),896 (00),8 (00) 0 Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

30 Appendix Melbourne Gay Community Periodic Survey 0 Conducted by This is a survey of sexual practices of men who have had sex with another man in the last five years. This survey is completely anonymous please do not write your name on the questionnaire. Your responses are very important, they provide valuable information that assists in HIV health promotion efforts. PLEASE COMPLETE THE SURVEY ONCE ONLY. Section A About you. How many of your friends are gay or homosexual men? None A few Some. How much of your free time is spent with gay or homosexual men? None A little. Do you think of yourself as: Gay/Homosexual Some Bisexual Most A lot 5 All Heterosexual Other (please specify). How old are you? Years 5. Are you of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? No Yes 6. What is your ethnic background? (e.g. Dutch, Greek, Vietnamese, Lebanese) Anglo-Australian 7. Where were you born? Australia 8. Where do you live? Postcode Suburb/Town 9. Are you: Employed full-time Other Overseas OR A student Section B Your sex partners In this survey we distinguish between REGULAR (boyfriend/lover) and CASUAL partners. Do you currently have sex with casual male partners? No Yes. Do you currently have sex with a regular male partner? No Yes. How would you describe your sexual relationship with your current regular male partner? (choose one) We are monogamous neither of us has casual sex Both my partner and I have casual sex with other men I have casual sex with other men but my partner does not My partner has casual sex with other men but I do not 5 I have several regular male partners 6 No current regular male partner Go to Section C 5. If you are in a regular relationship with a man, for how long has it been? Less than 6 months 6 months years More than years 5 Not in a regular relationship with a man 6. Do you have a clear (spoken) agreement with your regular partner about anal sex (fucking) within your relationship? No agreement Agreement: No sex at all Employed part-time On pension/social security 5 Unemployed 6 Other Agreement: No anal sex at all Agreement: All anal sex is with a condom 0. What is your occupation? (e.g. bartender, teacher, welder) (specify). What is the highest level of education you have completed? Up to Year 0 Year / HSC / QCE / SACE / VCE / WACE Tertiary diploma or trade certificate / TAFE University degree Go to section B Page 5 Agreement: Anal sex can be without a condom 7. Do you have a clear (spoken) agreement with your regular partner about sex with casual partners? No agreement Agreement: No sex at all Agreement: No anal sex at all Agreement: All anal sex is with a condom 5 Agreement: Anal sex can be without a condom Go to section C MGCPS 0/ _ Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 A

31 Section C Sex in the last 6 months 8. How many different men have you had sex with in the last 6 months? None One 5 men 6 0 men 5 0 men 6-50 men 7 More than 50 men 9. In the last 6 months how often have you had sex with men you met at or through: Never Occasionally Often Internet Mobile app e.g. Grindr Gay bar Dance party Gym Beat Gay sauna Other sex venue Sex workers Private sex parties In other Australian cities Elsewhere in Australia Overseas 0. In the last 6 months, how often did you have group sex involving at least two other men? 8. I fucked him without a condom but pulled out before I came. Never In this survey we Occasionally distinguish between Often REGULAR (boyfriend/lover) and CASUAL partners He fucked me without a condom but pulled out before he came. Never Occasionally Often 0. I fucked him without a condom and came inside. Never Occasionally Often. He fucked me without a condom and came inside. Never Occasionally Often Section E Casual male partners last 6 months. Have you had any sex with any casual male partner/s in the last 6 months? Yes No Go to section F In the last 6 MONTHS which of the following have you done with any of your CASUAL male partner/s? Oral sex casual partner/s:. I sucked his cock but he did NOT come in my mouth. Never Occasionally Often. He sucked my cock but I did NOT come in his mouth. Never Occasionally Often Every Week Monthly Once / A few times Never Go to section D 5. I sucked his cock and he came in my mouth. Never Occasionally Often Section D Regular male partners last 6 months. Have you had sex with regular male partner/s in the last 6 months? Yes Page No Go to section E In the last 6 MONTHS which of the following have you done with any of your REGULAR male partner/s? Oral sex regular partner/s:. I sucked his cock but he did NOT come in my mouth. Never Occasionally Often. He sucked my cock but I did NOT come in his mouth. Never Occasionally Often. I sucked his cock and he came in my mouth. Never Occasionally Often 5. He sucked my cock and I came in his mouth. Never Occasionally Anal sex regular partner/s: 6. I fucked him with a condom. Never Occasionally 7. He fucked me with a condom. Never Occasionally Often Often Often 6. He sucked my cock and I came in his mouth. Never Occasionally Anal sex casual partner/s: 7. I fucked him with a condom. Never Occasionally 8. He fucked me with a condom. Never Occasionally Often Often Often 9. I fucked him without a condom but pulled out before I came. Never Occasionally Often 0. He fucked me without a condom but pulled out before he came. Never Occasionally Often. I fucked him without a condom and came inside. Never Occasionally Often. He fucked me without a condom and came inside. Never Occasionally Often HIV disclosure casual partner/s. How many of your casual partners did you tell your HIV status before sex? None Some All. How many of your casual partners told you their HIV status before sex? None Some All MGCPS 0/ _ A Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0

32 The following questions are for men who have had any anal sex without a condom with casual male partner(s) in the last 6 months. If you have not had any anal sex without a condom with casual male partners, go to section F 5. In the last 6 months, if you had anal sex without a condom with any casual male partner(s), did you do any of the following to avoid getting or passing on HIV? I made sure we were the same HIV status before we fucked without a condom I chose to take the top role (I fucked him) because his HIV status was different or unknown to me I chose to take the bottom role (he fucked me) because his HIV status was different or unknown to me When I fucked him, I chose to pull out before cumming because his HIV status was different or unknown to me When he fucked me, I made sure he pulled out before cumming because his HIV status was different or unknown to me Never Never Never Never Never Occasionally Occasionally Occasionally Occasionally Occasionally Often Often Often Often Often Always Always Always Always Always I took anti-hiv medication before sex Never Occasionally Often Always I took anti-hiv medication after sex Never Occasionally Often Always When my partner was HIV-positive, I checked he had an undetectable viral load before we had sex Never Occasionally Often Always I knew I had an undetectable viral load before we had sex Never Occasionally Often Always Go to section F Section F HIV testing and HIV status 6. Have you ever had an HIV antibody test? No Yes 7. When were you last tested for HIV antibodies? Never tested Less than a week ago weeks ago 6 months ago 5 7 months ago 6 years ago 7 years ago 8 More than years ago 8. Based on the results of your HIV antibody tests, what is your HIV status? No test/don t know Negative Positive 9. Where did you have your last HIV test? No test/don t know Gay bar/club/sex venue If you are HIV-positive please complete the next four questions. If not, go to section G 5. When were you first diagnosed as HIV-positive? Year 5. Are you on combination antiretroviral therapy? Yes No 55. What was your last viral load test? Undetectable Detectable Don t know/unsure 56. What was your last CD count? < >500 5 Don t know/unsure GP 5 At home Clinic/hospital 6 Somewhere else Go to section G 50. How many HIV tests have you had in the last months? None (no tests) One test - tests 5 5 or more tests Two tests 5. If you have a regular partner, do you know the result of his HIV antibody test? Positive I don t know/he hasn t had a test Survey continues on next page Negative No regular partner 5. If your regular partner is HIV positive, what was his last viral load test? Undetectable Don t know/unsure Detectable No HIV-positive partner Page MGCPS 0/ _ Gay Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne 0 A