The Situation and the Progress of PMTC in Africa

Transcription

1 ,**1 The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research : The Situation and the Progress of PMTC in Africa Naomi WAKASUGI Graduate School of Political Science, Wasada University +,**0 UNAIDS + HIV -,3/* 0-,,.1*.* 3,/,**/ HIV.-*,3*.3* -+* +,**.,**0 HIV HIV,***,**0 /3,,.1* +,--* HIV,/ /,... : +03 2*/* + 0 +,**1, -,*** +*,/.2 +,/ +,,* 1 +3,/./,,**- UNAIDS +,,*** 0,0** //,1 HIV 2 - HIV STI HIV Purification, Dry sex,, +1 +1

2 N Wakasugi : The Situation and the Progress of PMTC in Africa + +/ 3*, HIV 3* *.+. HIV HIV,-* +1* -/* 0,**0 + HIV.-* +/ / , ARV, /* HIV AIDS HIV, HIV,**.,**0,-40 million 04* +,41 million /3,40 million +43 million,4- million +** + 1**5*** +** + /1*5*** +**,4* million 21 0-*5*** 3*.2*5*** 2.,.41 million / million /3,42 million,4+ million +.5*** *40 1** *4+,** *4*- / +30*,/3 +,*** +33* +2* +320 /,*+* /,. +2,**- +,0** +,,-* +/ +,.- - HIV +, HIV +33. N. Engl. J. Med PACTG Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group *10 / AZT +331 HAART,**, +33. PACTG*10 HIV Antiretroviral : ARV HIV,0 2 ARV ARV ARV ARV Nevirapine : NVP NVP +,** mg 1, NVP, mg kg + 3. AZT ,02 US NVP +. US,.* US,*** WHO UNICEF NVP +2 +2

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5 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 3 No. +,**1 HIV /1. 2 ART +./ ART ACONDA NGO PEPFAR Elizabeth Glazer NGO +2,**.,,,.10 HIV WHO +,*., ART +, 02 CD. : +* 23 CD. : +* +/ CD. ++.., +0 BMI +.- *.+, *,.. 0,**, HIV +. vs vs NVP HIV HIV +, -. / 0 HIV -* /* ARV WHO,**0 HIV Acceptable, Feasible, A#ordable, Sustainable and Safe ART +/ 30-0 ART 0* ART +-,.. + HIV ART + - //,* PEPFAR President s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief +/* MAP Multi country HIV/AIDS Plan +, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 0*. UNITAID,**0 /,+,+

6 N Wakasugi : The Situation and the Progress of PMTC in Africa HIV + AIDS Epidemic update December,**0. UNAIDS,**0., UNAIDS/WHO, (,**.) Women and AIDS : An extract from the AIDS epidemic update December. - Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Glass SO, Vittingho# E : Heterosexual transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in northern California : Results from a ten-year study. Am J Epidemiol +.0 : -/* -/1, Children and AIDS A stocktaking report. UNICEF/ UNAIDS/WHO,,**0. / Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R : Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type + with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med --+ : *, Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T, Bagenda D, Allen M, Nakabiito C, Sherman J, Bakaki P, Ducar C, Deseyve M, Emel L, Mirochnick M, Fowler MG, Mofenson L, Miotti P, Dransfield K, Bray D, Mmiro F, Jackson JB : Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with Zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-+ in Kampala, Uganda : HIVNET *+, randomised trial. Lancet -/. : 13/ 2*,, Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Coeur S : A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type +. Perinatal HIV prevention trial (Thailand) investigators. N Engl J Med -.- : 32, 33+,,***. 2 Hammer SM : Single-dose nevirapine and drug resistance : the more you look, the more you find. 3, (+) :+ -,,**/. 3 Kasela C, Kasolo F, Ichiyama K, Mitarai S, Nishiyama A, Kanayama N, Wakasugi N : Increased risk of intrauterine transmission of HIV-+ associated with granulcyte elastase in the endocervical mucous. Journal of AIDS.+ (,) :,.3,/+,,**0. +* Shapiro R et al. : Maternal single-dose nevirapine vs. placebo as part of an antiretroviral strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana. AIDS (in press). ++ Lallemant M et al. : Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-+ in Thailand. N Engl J Med -/+ (-) :,+1,,2,,**.. +, Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants : Towards universal access Recommendations for a public health approach,**0 version. +- Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings, towards universal access : Recommendations for a public health approach Final version February,**0, WHO. +. : : HIV., : 00 1/,**,. +/ Gaillard P et al. : Use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV-+ transmission through breast-feeding : from animal studies to randomized clinical trials. Journal of Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndromes -/ (,) : ,,**..,,,,