1 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II PLATELETS. Mature Stage: No nucleus. Only 2-3 µm in diameter: significantly smaller than RBCs

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1 1 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II LAB BLOOD PLATES EOSINOPHIL Contains large red-staining granules Usually 2 lobes µm: about the size of neutrophils (2X erythrocytes) regulation/reduction of Histamine. Reduce harmful effects of allergic reactions. Destroy parasites. 1-4% of Leukocytes ERYTHROCYTES Mature Stage: No nucleus PLATELETS NEUTROPHIL assorted cross-sections Light Scanning Electron Transmission Electron Biconcave disc Bulk of cell volume is hemoglobin BASOPHIL < 1% of Leukocytes Contains large blue-staining granules Usually 2 lobes (often concealed) µm: about the size of neutrophils (2X erythrocytes) Histamine and heparin release. possible prevention of blood clotting. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. 60% of Leukocytes Only 2-3 µm in diameter: significantly smaller than RBCs Relatively light Contains non-staining (neutral) granules Non-nucleated cells formed in bone marrow from pinching off of cytoplasm of huge cells called megakaryocytes. 2-5 Connecting lobes µm: twice the size of erythrocytes In normal tissue- plugs defects in the walls of small blood vessels. In Injured tissues- clot formation and retraction; also produce serotonin, which causes: constriction of damaged vessels. LYMPHOCYTES (SMALL) A Phagocytosis. Inflammatory response 30% of Leukocytes SECOND ONLY TO NEUTROPHILS (60%)!! Cytoplasm: Blue; forms narrow rim around nucleus (shown) Nucleus: spherical (may be slightly indented) 6-9 µm: (almost same size as RBCs) produce antibodies vs. bacteria. destroy virus infected/cancerous cells. Note: LARGE lymphocytes (9-15 µm, almost the same size as neutrophils) also exist; unknown function; more cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus. MONOCYTE 2-8% of Leukocytes A Cytoplasm stains pale blue Lobes may be oval, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped µm: (largest of WBCs) Phagocytosis of viruses, bacteria and antigen-antibody complexes. Inflammatory response.

2 ERYTHROCYTES Mature Stage: No nucleus 2 assorted cross- sections Light Scanning Electron Transmission Electron Biconcave disc Bulk of cell volume is hemoglobin

3 PLATELETS 3 Only 2-3 µm in diameter: significantly smaller than RBCs Non- nucleated cells formed in bone marrow from pinching off of cytoplasm of huge cells called megakaryocytes. In normal tissue - plugs defects in the walls of small blood vessels. In Injured tissues - clot formation and retraction; also produce serotonin, which causes: constriction of damaged vessels.

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5 EOSINOPHIL 1-4% of Leukocytes 5 Contains large red- staining granules Usually 2 lobes µm: about the size of neutrophils (2X erythrocytes) regulation/reduction of Histamine. Reduce harmful effects of allergic reactions. Destroy parasites.

6 BASOPHIL < 1% of Leukocytes 6 Contains large blue- staining granules Usually 2 lobes (often concealed) µm: about the size of neutrophils (2X erythrocytes) Histamine and heparin release. possible prevention of blood clotting.

7 LYMPHOCYTES (SMALL) A 30% of Leukocytes SECOND ONLY TO NEUTROPHILS (60%)!! 7 Cytoplasm: Blue; forms narrow rim around nucleus (shown) Nucleus: spherical (may be slightly indented) 6-9 µm: (almost same size as RBCs) produce antibodies vs. bacteria. destroy virus infected/cancerous cells. Note: LARGE lymphocytes (9-15 µm, almost the same size as neutrophils) also exist; unknown function; more cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus.

8 MONOCYTE A 2-8% of Leukocytes 8 Cytoplasm stains pale blue Lobes may be oval, kidney- shaped, or horseshoe- shaped µm: (largest of WBCs) Phagocytosis of viruses, bacteria and antigen- antibody complexes. Inflammatory response.