Allergy overview. Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Allergy overview. Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital"

Transcription

1 Allergy overview Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital

2 Adaptive Immune Responses Adaptive immune responses allow responses against specific antigens and are essential for normal health However, adaptive immune responses can sometimes cause serious disease when elicited to antigens not associated with infectious pathogens Adaptive immune response Pathogens Protection Harmless, environmental antigens Hypersensitivity, Allergy Self-antigens Autoimmunity

3 Hypersensitivity Objectively reproducible symptoms or signs initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal persons No reference to pathological mechanism

4 Hypersensitivity Objectively reproducible symptoms or signs initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal persons No reference to pathological mechanism

5 Allergy Exaggerated immune reaction to trigger molecules, usually benign proteins, called allergens. Hypersensitivity reaction - initiated by an immunological mechanism Antibody mediated IgE antibodies IgE-mediated allergy Cell mediated Non-IgE mediated allergy Allergic inflammation

6 Atopy Personal or familial tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens, and is accompanied by typical symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or eczema/dermatitis Genetic predisposition to become IgE sensitised to allergens IgE sensitisation (IgE in serum or +ve SPT)

7 Allergen Antigen causing allergic disease Proteins Carbohydrate side chains LMW chemicals: Haptens (e.g. isocyanates, anhydrides)

8 Allergy Allergy is not a disease! It is a mechanism that is important in some diseases all the time, and in others for some of the time.

9 Asthma Drug reactions ALLERGY Eczema Urticaria Angioedema Food intolerance Rhinitis

10 Sensitisation Phase Allergen IL-4 Other cytokines? Antigen presenting cells APC Type I IL-4R MHC II T cell receptor Allergen specific IgE B cell Allergen specific B cells IL-4 Th2 Allergen specific Th2 cells Allergen specific T- and B-cell memory response

11 Mast cell Histamine Acute symptoms of allergy Allergen (e.g. pollen) IgE antibody Mast cell degranulation

12 Allergen (e.g. pollen) APC CD4+ Th2 cell Th2 cytokines and chemokines Chronic symptoms of allergy

13 Mast cell Histamine Type I IgE mediated allergy Allergen (e.g. pollen) IgE antibody Mast cell degranulation APC CD4+ Th2 cell Th2 cytokines and chemokines Type IV Th2 hypersensitivity

14 IgE Sensitisation and elicitation -switch B lymphocyte Allergic mediators Allergic Inflammation: eosinophils and lymphocytes Plasma cell Release of IgE Allergens Allergic Exacerbation Mast cells Basophils

15 Early & Late phase IgE reaction IgE Allergens Fc RI Immediate Release Granule contents: Histamine, PAF, TNF-, Proteases, Heparin Sneezing Nasal congestion Itchy, runny nose Watery eyes Over Minutes Lipid mediators: Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Wheezing Bronchoconstriction Over Hours Cytokine production: Specifically IL-4, IL-13 Mucus production Eosinophil recruitment

16

17 Intracellular Pathogens Interleukin 12 T H 1 Interferon Interleukin 2 Cell-mediated immunity Intracellular pathogens Autoimmunity T H 0 Parasites Allergens Interleukin 4 T H 2 Interleukin 4 Interleukin 5 Interleukin 13 Humoral Immunity Parasite defense Allergic Disease JAMA. 1997;278:1845.

18 Regulatory T-cells

19 Progression of allergy Allergy can progress from one form to another the march Not all children progress

20 Progression of allergy

21 Family history Low risk Neither parent has allergies One parent has allergies High risk Both parents have allergies Chance of child with allergies % % %

22 Family history Low risk Neither parent has allergies One parent has allergies High risk Both parents have allergies Chance of child with allergies % % %

23 Prevention of allergy Recommendations No dietary restriction in pregnancy Oily fish +- omega 3 supplementation. Fruit and vegetables Breast feed (No diet restriction) for 4-6 months If high risk and cannot BF hydrolysed formulae (not CM, AAF or soy) Introduce solids from 4-6 months. No data on later or earlier. Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke Mixed data on probiotics and prebiotics Mixed data on pets &HDM so no environmental interventions

24 Prevention of allergy Secondary prevention Rhinitis : Better treatment helps asthma Immunotherapy for rhinitis reduces sensitisations and may prevent asthma Asthma : Better treatment helps rhinitis Food allergy : Treats eczema Eczema May prevent food allergy and onset of asthma Drugs ETAC and EPAAC

25 Allergic Diseases

26 Allergic Diseases Food Hypersensitivity Urticaria Anaphylaxis Eczema Rhinitis Asthma Conjunctivititis Drug Hypersensitivity Insect sting or bite hypersensitivity

27 Allergic Diseases Food Hypersensitivity Urticaria Anaphylaxis Eczema Rhinitis Asthma Treatment in general Prevention

28 The Treatment of Allergy Education Allergen avoidance Anti-allergic medicines Immunotherapy

29 The Treatment of Allergy Education Allergen avoidance Anti-allergic medicines Immunotherapy

30 House Dust Mite Avoidance

31 The Treatment of Allergy Education Allergen avoidance Anti-allergic medicines Immunotherapy

32 Anti-allergic Medicines

33 The Treatment of Allergy Education Allergen avoidance Anti-allergic medicines Immunotherapy

34

35

36 Pollen Counts Symptoms Drug usage Varney, Kay, Durham et al BMJ. 1991

37 Anti-IgE (omalizumab,xolair )

38 Anti-IgE (omalizumab,xolair ) for the treatment of allergy IgE R Circulating IgE Secretory granule Allergen cross-bridging Histamine Anchored IgE Anti-IgE IgE

39

Allergic Disorders. Allergic Disorders. IgE-dependent Release of Inflammatory Mediators. TH1/TH2 Paradigm

Allergic Disorders. Allergic Disorders. IgE-dependent Release of Inflammatory Mediators. TH1/TH2 Paradigm Allergic Disorders Anne-Marie Irani, MD Virginia Commonwealth University Allergic Disorders IgE-mediated immune reactions Clinical entities include: asthma allergic rhinitis atopic dermatitis urticaria

More information

Allergic Disorders. Allergic Disorders. IgE-dependent Release of Inflammatory Mediators. TH1/TH2 Paradigm

Allergic Disorders. Allergic Disorders. IgE-dependent Release of Inflammatory Mediators. TH1/TH2 Paradigm Allergic Disorders Anne-Marie Irani, MD Virginia Commonwealth University Allergic Disorders IgE-mediated immune reactions Clinical entities include: asthma allergic rhinitis atopic dermatitis urticaria

More information

Hypersensitivity is the term used when an immune response results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions harmful to the host.

Hypersensitivity is the term used when an immune response results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions harmful to the host. Hypersensitivity is the term used when an immune response results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions harmful to the host. Hypersensitivity vs. allergy Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized

More information

Paediatric Food Allergy. Introduction to the Causes and Management

Paediatric Food Allergy. Introduction to the Causes and Management Paediatric Food Allergy Introduction to the Causes and Management Allergic Reactions in Children Prevalence of atopic disorders in urbanized societies has increased significantly over the past several

More information

and its clinical implications

and its clinical implications The Immunology of Allergy and its clinical implications By Dr Priya Bowry Sikand MBBS MRCGP DFFP DIC MSc(Allergy) Back to the Basics. Objectives Understand immunological mechanisms behind Type 1 Hypersensitivity

More information

Immunologic Mechanisms of Tissue Damage. (Immuopathology)

Immunologic Mechanisms of Tissue Damage. (Immuopathology) Immunologic Mechanisms of Tissue Damage (Immuopathology) Immunopathology Exaggerated immune response may lead to different forms of tissue damage 1) An overactive immune response: produce more damage than

More information

Implications on therapy. Prof. of Medicine and Allergy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Implications on therapy. Prof. of Medicine and Allergy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Implications on therapy Dr. Hisham Tarraf MD,FRCP(Edinb.) Prof. of Medicine and Allergy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Need for better understanding Global health problem Impact on quality of life

More information

Immunology of Asthma. Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph. Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine

Immunology of Asthma. Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph. Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine Immunology of Asthma Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine Outline! Consensus characteristics! Allergens:role in asthma! Immune/inflammatory basis! Genetic basis!

More information

Al ergy: An Overview

Al ergy: An Overview Allergy: An Overview Allergy Type of hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system. Allergy may involve more than one type of reaction. An allergy is a reaction to something that does not affect most

More information

Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Division of Pathology Anatomical Pathology Discipline

Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Division of Pathology Anatomical Pathology Discipline Pathology of Asthma Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Division of Pathology Anatomical Pathology Discipline Bronchial Asthma Definition: chronic, relapsing inflammatory lung disorder characterised by reversible

More information

Updates in Food Allergy

Updates in Food Allergy Updates in Food Allergy Ebrahim Shakir MD Disclosures None 1 OUTLINE ADVERSE REACTIONS TO FOODS? Conflation of terms What is food allergy? ALLERGY Sensitization Gel/Coombs Type I IgE mediated Immediate

More information

Chapter 65 Allergy and Immunology for the Internist. ingestion provoke an IgE antibody response and clinical symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Chapter 65 Allergy and Immunology for the Internist. ingestion provoke an IgE antibody response and clinical symptoms in sensitive individuals. Chapter 65 Allergy and Immunology for the Internist 1 I. Basic Information A. Definition of Allergens: Proteins of appropriate size that after inhalation, injection (e.g. drug, venom) or ingestion provoke

More information

Anti-allergic Effect of Bee Venom in An Allergic Rhinitis

Anti-allergic Effect of Bee Venom in An Allergic Rhinitis Anti-allergic Effect of Bee Venom in An Allergic Rhinitis Dr: Magdy I. Al-Shourbagi Sharm International Hospital Allergic Rhinitis Rhinitis: Symptomatic disorder of the nose characterized by itching, nasal

More information

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Immunity Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated

More information

Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Asthma Anaphylaxis Urticaria Atopic dermatitis

Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Asthma Anaphylaxis Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Hypersensitivity Disorders Hypersensitivity Disorders Immune Response IgE Disease Example Ragweed hay fever IgG Cytotoxic Immune complex T Cell Hemolytic anemia Serum sickness Poison ivy IgE-mediated Diseases

More information

Molecules, mediators and mechanisms of human allergic reactions

Molecules, mediators and mechanisms of human allergic reactions Molecules, mediators and mechanisms of human allergic reactions Bruce S. Bochner, M.D. Samuel M. Feinberg Professor of Medicine Division of Allergy Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of

More information

Path2220 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN DISEASE ALLERGY. Dr. Erika Bosio

Path2220 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN DISEASE ALLERGY. Dr. Erika Bosio Path2220 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN DISEASE ALLERGY Dr. Erika Bosio Research Fellow Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research University of Western Australia

More information

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS Are exaggerated immune response upon antigenic stimulation Individuals who have been previously exposed to an antigen are said

More information

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions 1. Define 1) Immunity 2) Neutrophils 3) Macrophage 4) Epitopes 5) Interferon 6) Complement system 7) Histamine 8) Mast cells 9) Antigen 10) Antigens receptors 11)

More information

Allergies & Hypersensitivies

Allergies & Hypersensitivies Allergies & Hypersensitivies Type I Hypersensitivity: Immediate Hypersensitivity Mediated by IgE and mast cells Reactions: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Pollens (ragweed, trees, grasses), dust mite feces

More information

Immunology. Lecture- 8

Immunology. Lecture- 8 Immunology Lecture- 8 Immunological Disorders Immunodeficiency Autoimmune Disease Hypersensitivities Immunodeficiency 1. Immunodeficiency --> abnormal production or function of immune cells, phagocytes,

More information

What is allergy? Know your specific IgE

What is allergy? Know your specific IgE What is allergy? What is allergy? Know your specific IgE Allergies are very common and increasing in Australia and New Zealand, affecting around one in three people at some time in their lives. There are

More information

New Test ANNOUNCEMENT

New Test ANNOUNCEMENT March 2003 W New Test ANNOUNCEMENT A Mayo Reference Services Publication Pediatric Allergy Screen

More information

Immunology of Asthma. Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph. Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine

Immunology of Asthma. Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph. Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine Immunology of Asthma Kenneth J. Goodrum,Ph Ph.D. Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine Outline Consensus characteristics/incidence data Immune/inflammatory basis Etiology/Genetic basis Hygiene

More information

An Update on Allergic Rhinitis. Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital

An Update on Allergic Rhinitis. Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital An Update on Allergic Rhinitis Mike Levin Division of Asthma and Allergy Department of Paediatrics University of Cape Town Red Cross Hospital Allergic Rhinitis Common condition with increasing prevalence

More information

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and allergic disease

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and allergic disease N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and allergic disease Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Volume 7(2) March 2004 pp 123-129 Susan Prescott and Philip Calder Abbreviations DHA: EPA:

More information

Feed those babies some peanut products!!!

Feed those babies some peanut products!!! Disclosures Feed those babies some peanut products!!! No relevant disclosures Edward Brooks Case presentation 5 month old male with severe eczema starting at 3 months of age. He was breast fed exclusively

More information

Impact of Asthma in the U.S. per Year. Asthma Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. Risk Factors for Asthma. Childhood Asthma Costs of Asthma

Impact of Asthma in the U.S. per Year. Asthma Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. Risk Factors for Asthma. Childhood Asthma Costs of Asthma American Association for Respiratory Care Asthma Educator Certification Prep Course Asthma Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Robert C. Cohn, MD, FAARC MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, OH Impact of

More information

Does rhinitis. lead to asthma? Does sneezing lead to wheezing? What allergic patients should know about the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma

Does rhinitis. lead to asthma? Does sneezing lead to wheezing? What allergic patients should know about the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma Does rhinitis lead to asthma? Does sneezing lead to wheezing? What allergic patients should know about the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma For a better management of allergies in Europe Allergy

More information

Skin prick testing: Guidelines for GPs

Skin prick testing: Guidelines for GPs INDEX Summary Offered testing but where Allergens precautions are taken Skin prick testing Other concerns Caution Skin testing is not useful in these following conditions When skin testing is uninterpretable

More information

Case Study. Allergic Rhinitis 5/18/2015

Case Study. Allergic Rhinitis 5/18/2015 John A. Fling, M.D. Professor Allergy/Immunology University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas Case Study 38 year old male with a history of nasal congestion, clear nasal discharge

More information

Allergy Glossary of Terms

Allergy Glossary of Terms Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Allergy Glossary of Terms Adrenaline is a natural hormone released in response to stress. When injected, adrenaline rapidly reverses the effects of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)

More information

Page # Lecture 8: Immune Dysfunction - Immunopathology. Four Types of Hypersensitivity. Friend of Foe? Autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency

Page # Lecture 8: Immune Dysfunction - Immunopathology. Four Types of Hypersensitivity. Friend of Foe? Autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency Lecture 8: Immune Dysfunction - Immunopathology Autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency Allergy and Asthma Graft rejection and Lupus Friend of Foe? Four Types of Hypersensitivity Allergic Responses - Type

More information

Hypersensitivity reactions. Immune responses which are damaging rather than helpful to the host.

Hypersensitivity reactions. Immune responses which are damaging rather than helpful to the host. Hypersensitivity reactions. Immune responses which are damaging rather than helpful to the host. 1 Hypersensitivity reaction depends on: 1) chemical nature of allergen 2) route involved in sensitization

More information

Informations on exams

Informations on exams Informations on exams II year BMC: English or Italian (free choice) I year MBC: Mandatory English EXAM vote: 1.Journal Club presentation 2. Open written exam 1.1 argument free (e-mail) 2.1 argument chosen

More information

Provided as a service by CiplaMed

Provided as a service by CiplaMed Allergy Reaction of the body tissues to an allergen which leads to production of antibodies finally culminating in an antigen-antibody antibody reaction. Normal Individual Entry of allergen Allergen-Antibody

More information

Allergy Prevention in Children

Allergy Prevention in Children Allergy Prevention in Children ASCIA EDUCATION RESOURCES (AER) PATIENT INFORMATION Allergic disorders are often life long, and although treatable, there is currently no cure. It therefore makes sense to

More information

Topic 9 (Ch16_18) Immune Disorders. Allergies. 4 Hypersensitivity Types. Topics - Allergies - Autoimmunity - Immunodeficiency

Topic 9 (Ch16_18) Immune Disorders. Allergies. 4 Hypersensitivity Types. Topics - Allergies - Autoimmunity - Immunodeficiency Topic 9 (Ch16_18) Immune Disorders Topics - Allergies - Autoimmunity - Immunodeficiency 1 Allergies Allergens (antigens) cause an exaggerated immune response or hypersensitivity 4 types: Type I Type II

More information

Glossary of Terms ASCIA EDUCATION RESOURCES (AER) PATIENT INFORMATION

Glossary of Terms ASCIA EDUCATION RESOURCES (AER) PATIENT INFORMATION Glossary of Terms Allergen A substance which can cause an allergic reaction. Allergen Immunotherapy A series of injections (shots) or sublingual drops are administered which contain the allergen such as

More information

Michaela Lucas. Clinical Immunologist/Immunopathologist. Pathwest, QE2 Medical Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital

Michaela Lucas. Clinical Immunologist/Immunopathologist. Pathwest, QE2 Medical Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital Michaela Lucas Clinical Immunologist/Immunopathologist Pathwest, QE2 Medical Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital School of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University

More information

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions Color code: Important in red Extra in blue Hypersensitivity Reactions For team error adjustments, click here Objectives To know that hypersensitivity reactions are over and excessive immune responses that

More information

IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS

IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS Rhinology research Chair Weekly Activity, King Saud University IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS E V I D E N C E D - B A S E O V E R V I E W O F T H E R U L E O F I M M U N O T H E R A P Y I N A L L E

More information

IMMUNODEFICIENCIES PRIMARY ALLERGIES PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES AND ALLERGIES

IMMUNODEFICIENCIES PRIMARY ALLERGIES PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES AND ALLERGIES PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES ALLERGIES PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES AND ALLERGIES 1 PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES KEY ABBREVIATIONS IgE CID Immunoglobulin E Combined Immunodeficiency IL5 Interleukin 5 IPOPI PID

More information

Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a common condition. Most patients can achieve good symptom control through allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy with non-sedating

More information

Hypersensitivity diseases

Hypersensitivity diseases Hypersensitivity diseases Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 18 July 2006 11:40 AM) 2005 Elsevier Type-I Hypersensitivity Basic terms Type-I = Early= IgE-mediated = Atopic = Anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity

More information

Anaphylactic response in rabbit Part II

Anaphylactic response in rabbit Part II Anaphylactic response in rabbit Part II Introduction Four types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I: allergy Type II: antibodies Type III: immune complex Type IV: T-cells Type I Hypersensitivity ALLERGY

More information

Disruptions in the Immune

Disruptions in the Immune Disruptions in the Immune System Bởi: OpenStaxCollege A functioning immune system is essential for survival, but even the sophisticated cellular and molecular defenses of the mammalian immune response

More information

Allergic diseases and treatment. Feng Qian ( 钱峰 )

Allergic diseases and treatment. Feng Qian ( 钱峰 ) Allergic diseases and treatment Feng Qian ( 钱峰 ) fengqian@sjtu.edu.cn Hypersensitivity Antigen Host Adaptive responses protective to the host harmful to the host The deleterious consequences of the adaptive

More information

Southern Derbyshire Shared Care Pathology Guidelines. Allergy Testing in Adults

Southern Derbyshire Shared Care Pathology Guidelines. Allergy Testing in Adults Southern Derbyshire Shared Care Pathology Guidelines Allergy Testing in Adults Allergy Tests are not diagnostic of Allergy Purpose of Guideline How to obtain an allergy-focussed clinical history When allergy

More information

contact activation in formation diseases 67 endothelial cells and kinin formation 73 processing and degradation 68 70

contact activation in formation diseases 67 endothelial cells and kinin formation 73 processing and degradation 68 70 Subject Index Adenosine, mast cell activation modulation 60 Age, risk factor 17, 18 Allergen elicitors 9, 10 insects, see Insect venom-induced microarrays for 136 overview of characteristics 23 recognition

More information

FDA/NSTA Web Seminar: Teach Science Concepts and Inquiry with Food

FDA/NSTA Web Seminar: Teach Science Concepts and Inquiry with Food LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP FDA/NSTA Web Seminar: Teach Science Concepts and Inquiry with Food Thursday, November 15, 2007 Food allergy Stefano Luccioli, MD Office of Food Additive Safety

More information

SLIT: Review and Update

SLIT: Review and Update SLIT: Review and Update Disclosure Speaker: ISTA Pharmaceuticals Speaker: GlaxoSmithKline Allergen IT - Evidence Based Evaluation: Rescue Medications Meta-analysis Disease IT # of Patients Rescue Medication

More information

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 16 To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn

More information

West Houston Allergy & Asthma, P.A.

West Houston Allergy & Asthma, P.A. Consent to Receive Immunotherapy (ALLERGY SHOTS) Procedure Allergy injections are usually started at a very low dose. This dose is gradually increased on a regular (usually 1-2 times per week) basis until

More information

MMO CLINIC MAYO CLINIC

MMO CLINIC MAYO CLINIC MMO CLINIC Overview Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance such as pollen, bee venom or pet dander or to a food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people. Your immune

More information

Quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and effective nutrient

Quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and effective nutrient Quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and effective nutrient DR JACQUEMIN MARC CH. PHYTO-NUTRITIONIST SENIOR LECTURER MEDICAL FACULTIES OF PARIS XIII (FRANCE) AND BOLOGNA (ITALY) WWW.PHYTOTHERAPIE-JACQUEMIN.BE

More information

Allergies. Allergy. "Céad míle fáilte romhainn agus Lá. Fhéile Pádraig Sona Daoibh"

Allergies. Allergy. Céad míle fáilte romhainn agus Lá. Fhéile Pádraig Sona Daoibh Allergies Why More Common? New Manifestations Management Options Dr. Robert Schellenberg, MD, FRCPC Dr. Amin Kanani, MD, FRCPC Dr. Donald Stark, MD, FRCPC "Céad míle fáilte romhainn agus Lá Fhéile Pádraig

More information

Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter Immune System

Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter Immune System Biology 2201 Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter 11.4 - Immune System Compiled by S. Whalen What is Immunity? Immunity Immunity The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign invaders by producing

More information

DNA vaccine, peripheral T-cell tolerance modulation 185

DNA vaccine, peripheral T-cell tolerance modulation 185 Subject Index Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) animal models 41 43 asthma inhibition 45 overview 41 mast cell modulation of T-cells 62 64 respiratory tolerance 40, 41 Tregs inhibition role 44 respiratory

More information

B cell response. B cell response. Immunological memory from vaccines. Macrophage and helper T cell involvement with initiating a B cell response:

B cell response. B cell response. Immunological memory from vaccines. Macrophage and helper T cell involvement with initiating a B cell response: B cell response Macrophage and helper T cell involvement with initiating a B cell response: B cell response When specific B cells are activated, they multiply Some cells become memory cells, stored in

More information

1

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Scratch and Sniff All About Allergies Doug Jones, MD Program Director, Family Medicine, DHMG What is an allergic reaction? The immune system identifies things that are foreign and protects

More information

Defining Asthma: Clinical Criteria. Defining Asthma: Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness

Defining Asthma: Clinical Criteria. Defining Asthma: Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness Defining Asthma: Clinical Criteria Atopy 34% Recent wheeze 20% Asthma 11% AHR 19% n = 807 From: Woolcock, AJ. Asthma in Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2nd ed. Murray, Nadel, eds.(saunders:philadelphia)

More information

ALLERGIES ALLERGY. when the body treats a harmless substance as a threat and the immune system produces an unnecessary response. Trivial (nuisance)

ALLERGIES ALLERGY. when the body treats a harmless substance as a threat and the immune system produces an unnecessary response. Trivial (nuisance) ALLERGY when the body treats a harmless substance as a threat and the immune system produces an unnecessary response Severity of Response Trivial (nuisance) Life altering Fatal (anaphylaxis) Hayfever diagnosed

More information

Allergen Exposure and Asthma in US Inner-cities

Allergen Exposure and Asthma in US Inner-cities Allergen Exposure and Asthma in US Inner-cities Elizabeth C. Matsui, MD MHS Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Johns Hopkins University May 18, 2006 Pathophysiology of

More information

NEWSLETTER NINETEENTH EDITION APRIL 2014 ALLSA REPORT FROM THE CHAIRMAN INSIDE THIS ISSUE APRIL 2014 NINETEENTH EDITION 1. My Dear Colleagues

NEWSLETTER NINETEENTH EDITION APRIL 2014 ALLSA REPORT FROM THE CHAIRMAN INSIDE THIS ISSUE APRIL 2014 NINETEENTH EDITION 1. My Dear Colleagues NEWSLETTER NINETEENTH EDITION APRIL 2014 ALLSA REPORT FROM THE CHAIRMAN My Dear Colleagues April sees us sharing World Allergy Week along with the World Allergy Organisation. This year we chose to add

More information

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 10/24/11 I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 Immune System Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Defense Mechanisms Protect against

More information

From now on we are going to deal with the clinical aspects of hypersensitivity reactions:

From now on we are going to deal with the clinical aspects of hypersensitivity reactions: In the name of Allah Hypersensitivity reactions Basic Immunology Introduction: The main role of the immune system is to discriminate between self & non self antigens. Although the immune system is supposed

More information

e. Elm Correct Question 2 Which preservative/adjuvant has the greatest potential to breakdown immunotherapy because of protease activity? a.

e. Elm Correct Question 2 Which preservative/adjuvant has the greatest potential to breakdown immunotherapy because of protease activity? a. Allergen Immunotherapy Practical Quiz Question 1 Which of the following pollens shows cross-reactivity with birch pollen? a. Alder b. Olive c. Ash d. Black walnut e. Elm Question 2 Which preservative/adjuvant

More information

LEARN ABOUT ANOTHER WAY TO TREAT YOUR ALLERGIES

LEARN ABOUT ANOTHER WAY TO TREAT YOUR ALLERGIES LEARN ABOUT ANOTHER WAY TO TREAT YOUR ALLERGIES WHAT ARE ALLERGIES? It s probably not something that you think about, but every time you open your mouth or inhale, tiny particles from the environment that

More information

YVONNE POLYDOROU PAEDIATRIC ALLERGY SPECIALIST DIETITIAN

YVONNE POLYDOROU PAEDIATRIC ALLERGY SPECIALIST DIETITIAN YVONNE POLYDOROU PAEDIATRIC ALLERGY SPECIALIST DIETITIAN 08-12-2016 An allergy is the response of the body's immune system to normally harmless substances, such as pollens, foods, and house dust mite.

More information

Food allergens: Challenges for risk assessment

Food allergens: Challenges for risk assessment Food allergens: Challenges for risk assessment Stefano Luccioli, MD Office of Food Additive Safety Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Goals Introduce food allergy Describe challenges for risk

More information

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College The Immune System by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College What is the immune system? defense system found in vertebrates Two categories Nonspecific specific provides protection from pathogens

More information

Allergies and the Primary Care Practice. Mark Gurley, MD, FAAOA

Allergies and the Primary Care Practice. Mark Gurley, MD, FAAOA Allergies and the Primary Care Practice Mark Gurley, MD, FAAOA Dr. Mark Gurley- Disclosure Neither I, nor an immediate family member (parent, sibling, spouse, partner, or child), has any financial relationship

More information

ATOPY Personal and/or familiar tendency to become sensitized and produce IgE antibodies in response to ordinary exposure to allergens, usually

ATOPY Personal and/or familiar tendency to become sensitized and produce IgE antibodies in response to ordinary exposure to allergens, usually Jacek Gocki ATOPY Personal and/or familiar tendency to become sensitized and produce IgE antibodies in response to ordinary exposure to allergens, usually proteins It is IgE high responser who may or

More information

Eczema: also called atopic dermatitis; a chronic, itchy, scaly rash not due to a particular substance exposure

Eczema: also called atopic dermatitis; a chronic, itchy, scaly rash not due to a particular substance exposure Allergy is a condition in which the immune system causes sneezing, itching, rashes, and wheezing, or sometimes even life-threatening allergic reactions. The more you know about allergies, the better prepared

More information

How immunology informs the design of immunotherapeutics.

How immunology informs the design of immunotherapeutics. How immunology informs the design of immunotherapeutics. Stephen R Durham Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London WAO Cancun Mon Dec 5 th 2011 How immunology

More information

Update on Biologicals for ABPA and Asthma

Update on Biologicals for ABPA and Asthma Update on Biologicals for ABPA and Asthma 5 th Advances Against Aspergillosis Istanbul 27 Jan 2012 Richard B. Moss MD Professor of Pediatrics Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA Disease of chronic airway

More information

IgE-mediated allergy in elderly patients with asthma

IgE-mediated allergy in elderly patients with asthma Allergology international (1997) 46: 237-241 Original Article IgE-mediated allergy in elderly patients with asthma Fumihiro Mitsunobu, Takashi Mifune, Yasuhiro Hosaki, Kouzou Ashida, Hirofumi Tsugeno,

More information

Introduction to Immunopathology

Introduction to Immunopathology MICR2209 Introduction to Immunopathology Dr Allison Imrie 1 Allergy and Hypersensitivity Adaptive immune responses can sometimes be elicited by antigens not associated with infectious agents, and this

More information

Body Defense Mechanisms

Body Defense Mechanisms BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of

More information

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally!

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! Learn the language - use the glossary and index RNR - Reading, Note taking, Reviewing All materials in Chapters 1-3

More information

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3 INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 Protection Against Infection The body has several defenses to protect itself from getting an infection Skin Mucus membranes Serous membranes

More information

Allergy and Breast Feeding CON (?) Hugo Van Bever Department of Pediatrics NUHS Singapore

Allergy and Breast Feeding CON (?) Hugo Van Bever Department of Pediatrics NUHS Singapore Allergy and Breast Feeding CON (?) Hugo Van Bever Department of Pediatrics NUHS Singapore WAC, Cancun, December 2011 As a pediatrician are you crazy? Breast milk is the best! 1. Nutritional 2. Psychological

More information

What are Allergy shots / SCIT?

What are Allergy shots / SCIT? Allergy diagnosis must be made accurately with correct history and tests including the skin prick test and the blood test like immunocap / Phadiatop study. This once made will help decide the dose and

More information

Recognition & Management of Anaphylaxis in the Community. S. Shahzad Mustafa, MD, FAAAAI

Recognition & Management of Anaphylaxis in the Community. S. Shahzad Mustafa, MD, FAAAAI Recognition & Management of Anaphylaxis in the Community S. Shahzad Mustafa, MD, FAAAAI Disclosures None Outline Define anaphylaxis Pathophysiology Common causes Recognition and Management Definition Acute,

More information

INVESTIGATIONS & PROCEDURES IN PULMONOLOGY. Immunotherapy in Asthma Dr. Zia Hashim

INVESTIGATIONS & PROCEDURES IN PULMONOLOGY. Immunotherapy in Asthma Dr. Zia Hashim INVESTIGATIONS & PROCEDURES IN PULMONOLOGY Immunotherapy in Asthma Dr. Zia Hashim Definition Involves Administration of gradually increasing quantities of specific allergens to patients with IgE-mediated

More information

ODACTRA House Dust Mite (Dermatophagoides farina & Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergen extract sublingual tablet

ODACTRA House Dust Mite (Dermatophagoides farina & Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergen extract sublingual tablet pteronyssinus) allergen extract sublingual tablet Coverage for services, procedures, medical devices and drugs are dependent upon benefit eligibility as outlined in the member's specific benefit plan.

More information

KDIGO Conference San Francisco March KDIGO. Mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity. A. J. Bircher Dermatology/Allergology

KDIGO Conference San Francisco March KDIGO. Mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity. A. J. Bircher Dermatology/Allergology Conference San Francisco March 27 30 2014 Mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity A. J. Bircher Dermatology/Allergology University Hospital Basel Switzerland andreas.bircher@unibas.ch Disclosure of Interests

More information

MANAGING COMMON PRESENTATIONS OF ALLERGY IN PRIMARY CARE. Helen Bourne Consultant Immunologist

MANAGING COMMON PRESENTATIONS OF ALLERGY IN PRIMARY CARE. Helen Bourne Consultant Immunologist MANAGING COMMON PRESENTATIONS OF ALLERGY IN PRIMARY CARE Helen Bourne Consultant Immunologist AIMS Presentation of Allergic Disease in Adults Rhinitis/ Rhinoconjuctivitis Urticaria and Angioedema Food

More information

4/28/2016. Host Defenses. Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System. Types of Innate Defenses. Defensive Cells Leukocytes

4/28/2016. Host Defenses. Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System. Types of Innate Defenses. Defensive Cells Leukocytes Host Defenses Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System CH 16-18 Host defenses that produce resistance can be either innate or adaptive: Innate: those that protect against any type of invading agent Adaptive:

More information

The importance of early complementary feeding in the development of oral tolerance: Concerns and controversies

The importance of early complementary feeding in the development of oral tolerance: Concerns and controversies The importance of early complementary feeding in the development of oral tolerance: Concerns and controversies Prescott SL, Smith P, Tang M, Palmer DJ, Sinn J, Huntley SJ, Cormack B. Heine RG. Gibson RA,

More information

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses --

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses -- defenses Animal defenses -- immunity chapter 48 invertebrates coelomocytes, amoebocytes, hemocytes sponges, cnidarians, etc. annelids basophilic amoebocytes, acidophilic granulocytes arthropod immune systems

More information

Food allergy in children. nice bulletin. NICE Bulletin Food Allergy in Chlidren.indd 1

Food allergy in children. nice bulletin. NICE Bulletin Food Allergy in Chlidren.indd 1 nice bulletin Food allergy in children NICE provided the content for this booklet which is independent of any company or product advertised NICE Bulletin Food Allergy in Chlidren.indd 1 23/01/2012 11:04

More information

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response In Physiology Today The Adaptive Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired

More information

Transfusion and Allergy: What is it, and what is it not? Prof. Olivier GARRAUD INTS, Paris Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne France

Transfusion and Allergy: What is it, and what is it not? Prof. Olivier GARRAUD INTS, Paris Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne France Transfusion and Allergy: What is it, and what is it not? Prof. Olivier GARRAUD INTS, Paris Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne France The commonest picture of Allergy Allergy is commonly sensed as an Antibody

More information

Hypersensitivity reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions Hypersensitivity reactions Prakash Nagarkatti, Ph.D.; e-mail: pnagark@uscmed.sc.edu) COURSE: Medical Microbiology, PAMB 650/720 - Fall 2008 Lecture 19-20 TEACHING OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the classification

More information

Immunology 2011 Lecture 23 Immediate Hypersensitivity 26 October

Immunology 2011 Lecture 23 Immediate Hypersensitivity 26 October Immunology 2011 Lecture 23 Immediate Hypersensitivity 26 October Allergic Reactions ( Immediate Hypersensitivity ) Hay fever, food, drug & animal allergies, reactions to bee stings, etc. Symptoms may include

More information

Allergy Skin Prick Testing

Allergy Skin Prick Testing Allergy Skin Prick Testing What is allergy? The term allergy is often applied erroneously to a variety of symptoms induced by exposure to a wide range of environmental or ingested agents. True allergy

More information