TISSUES. Objectives. Tissues

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1 TISSUES Objectives Introduce the four major types of tissues Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial & connective tissue Name the major types of epithelial & connective tissues and identify an organ in which each type of tissue is found Explain the classification of glands Tissues Layers or groups of similar cells four major tissue types epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous associate and interact to form organs with specialized functions 1

2 EPITHELIAL TISSUE Epithelial Tissue Functions protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion Generally lines spaces and hollows within the body Composed tightly packed cells anchored to a basement membrane lacks blood vessels rapidly divide How to classify and name Epithelia: 1. Thickness of the epithelium Lumen Surface Thickness (measured in # of cell layers) Basement membrane 2. Shape of TOP LAYER of cells (the ones closest to the lumen) 2

3 Simple Squamous Epithelium Lumen Cell Nucleus Basement Membrane Simple Squamous Epithelium of Lung Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Cross section of kidney tubule 3

4 Simple Columnar Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium - Colon Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium - Trachea 4

5 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Esophagus Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Figure 5.7 5

6 Stratified Columnar Epithelium Figure 5.8 Transitional Epithelium Figure 5.9a Transitional Epithelium - Bladder 6

7 Multicellular Glands Glandular Secretion Figure 5.11 Glandular Secretion 7

8 Glandular Secretion CONNECTIVE TISSUE Connective Tissues most abundant tissue in the body Most diverse range of functions Holds everything together Provides supportive framework Provides protection Storage of fat Produce blood Help in tissue repair and protection from foreign invaders 8

9 Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Proper Areolar (Loose): sparse collagen fibers Adipose Tissue Dense: abundant collagen fiber Specialized Connective Tissues Cartilage Bone Blood Connective Tissues Components Cells Extracellular material MAST CELL 9

10 MACROPHAGE FIBROBLAST Fiber Types Fibroblast form 3 types Collagenous Elastic Reticular Collagenous and elastic most abundant 10

11 Collagen & Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers Areolar Loose Connective Tissue Collagen Fiber Fibroblasts Elastic Fiber (100x) Mesentery 11

12 Adipose Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Figure 5.21 Fibroblast Collagen fibers Dense Regular Connective Tissue Tendon from Cat 12

13 Elastic Connective Tissue Cartilage Rigid connective tissue Matrix collagenous fibers gel-like ground substance Protein-polysaccharide complex (chondromucoprotein) Lots of water Cartilage cells- chondrocytes found in small chambers, lacunae covered with a thin layer of connective tissue perichondrium lacks blood vessels Types 3 types Distinguished by: Type of intercellular material Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage 13

14 Hyaline Cartilage Chondrocytes in Lacunae Hyaline Cartilage Trachea Elastic Cartilage 14

15 Fibrocartilage Figure 5.25 Bone Haversian (Central) Canal Osteocytes Compact Bone (100x) 15

16 Blood Muscle Tissue Contractile Only contract Move in one direction Muscle fibers shorten and thicken Three types of muscle tissue skeletal, smooth & cardiac Skeletal Muscle 16

17 Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Longitudinal Section Cross Section Smooth Muscle Stomach 400x Slide by Kelly Milkus 17

18 Intercalated Disc Cardiac Muscle 400x Slide by Minnie Rosnow Cross Section Longitudinal Section Skeletal Muscle Tongue 400x Slide by Jennifer Beltz Nervous Tissues Sensory tissues Regulatory tissues Coordinate body functions Keep track of body conditions homeostasis Transmit electrical signals 18

19 Nervous Tissues 19

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