A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Transcription

1 A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2 COURSE INFORMATION Course being studied OCR A LEVEL PE Units studied Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology External exam 90 marks worth 30% of final mark Unit 2: Psychological Factors affecting performance External exam 60 marks worth 20% of final mark Unit 3: Socio cultural issues in Sport and PE External exam 60 marks worth 20% of final mark Unit 4: Practical This is classed as Coursework and involves Practical performance and a verbal presentation. It is internally marked and the moderated 1 practical sport worth a maximum of 40 marks Verbal Presentation worth 20 marks Overall 30% of Final mark Course Expectations 100% attendance to lessons Excellent behaviour towards the learning environment Positive contributions to class discussions Participate in presentations and work as a team when required

3 PAPER 1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Skeleton & Joints Task Label the skeleton.. Functions of the skeleton Support / Protection / Movement / Blood cell production / Mineral store The human skeleton is divided into two different parts, atrial & appendicular skeleton.. Complete the table Axial skeleton Skull Appendicular skeleton Shoulder girdle & upper limbs

4 Structure of the bone Ossification process.how does bone grow Initially made out of cartilage ossification starts (in diaphysis then epiphysis) growth a plate of cartilage is left between the diaphysis & epiphysis to allow Once matured, plate fuses & becomes bone Why can this process be of risk to youngsters?

5 Types of joints Complete the following table Type of joint Mobility Stability Example Fibrous / immoveable No movement Most stable Cartilaginous / semi moveable Little movement Stable Synovial / freely moveable Free movement Least stable Complete the following table-over the page

6 Type of synovial joint Examples from skeleton Description Movements likely Ball & Socket A ball shaped head of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of an adjacent bone Hinge A cylindrical protrusion of one bone articulates with a trough-shaped depression of an adjacent bone Pivot A rounded or pointed structure of one bone articulates with a ringshaped structure of an adjacent bone. Condyloid Similar to a ball & socket joint but with much flatter articulating surfaces forming a much shallower joint Gliding Articulating surfaces are almost flat and of a similar size

7 Structures & functions to help stabilise synovial joints Joints Structure of Synovial Feature Structure Stability Function Joint capsule Fibrous tissue encasing the joint Helps to strengthen the joint and add stability Ligaments Join bone to bone Reinforce & strengthen the joint Meniscus Discs of fibrocartilage improve the fit between the ends of long bones at a joint Makes the joint more stable and minimises wear & tear Muscle tone Muscle tone Keeps the tendons that cross a joint in a constant taut state, stabilising the joint to help mobility of synovial joints Structures & Functions Articular cartilage - covers the articulating surfaces of the bones prevents friction between ends of bone Joint capsule fibrous tissue encasing the joint forming a capsule around the joints adds stability Synovial fluid a fluid that fills the joint capsule nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage Bursa a sac filled with synovial fluid between tendons & ligaments reduce friction Rugby has the highest risk per player/hour of injury of all sports mainly to the shoulder which comprises 20% of all rugby injuries, followed by the knee Think of 3 different sports and look at the possible injuries at specific joints that could occur and explain your answers Try and cover both structural and functional reasons for your choices

8 Heart s conduction system linked to the cardiac cycle The heart has a dual-pump action with two separate pumps that work simultaneously to pump blood to two different destinations. The right side pumps blood towards the lungs The left side pumps blood towards the rest of the body Label the heart

9 Heart Rate (HR) Stroke Volume (SV) The number of times the heart beats per The volume of blood ejected from the The average resting heart rate is bpm The average resting SV is approx mls EDV is volume of blood left in ventricles at end of filling stage ESV is volume of blood left in ventricles at end of contraction SV = EDV ESV Cardiac Output (Q) This is the volume of blood ejected by heart ventricles in Q = SV x HR Work it out Using the calculations and information above, what would an average person s cardiac output be at rest? What is your cardiac output?

10 The heart s response to exercise Complete the following table Exercise Intensity Resting Sub-maximal (mod) Maximal SV 60/80 ml 80/100 ml untrained 160/200 ml trained HR 70/72 bpm Up to 100/130 bpm age Q 5 L/min L/min The HR is constantly changing before, during and after exercise. The type of change depends on the activity that you are taking part in... Task Explain what is happening to the HR during the following stages of exercise. Use the graph and each number 1-6 to help you / b 60/ a 6 Prior Exercise Recovery

11 PAPER 2 SKILL ACQUISITION TYPES OF GUIDANCE When you are learning skills in PE whether it is how to pass a football or how to carry out a somersault in trampolining, you often rely on help and guidance from others. This can come in a variety of forms Verbal Guidance Visual Guidance Mechanical Guidance Manual Guidance Produce a power point on the following types of guidance, It must include the following 1. Definition of your type of guidance 2. Video clip to show your type of guidance in action 3. Reasons why it is a useful type of guidance and which sort of learners you would use it with (Advantages) 4. Reasons why you might not use this type of guidance (disadvantages)

12 PAPER 3 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS In the early part of this part of this exam the main focus is on how sport has developed over the past 200 years- so it is looking at the History of sport In preparation for this we would like you to do some research on Popular Recreation In particular we want you to focus on what Football, Athletics, Cricket, Tennis and Swimming was like in the 1700 s/1800s You will need to use you research skills 1. Make a list of as many ATHLETIC type events that the poor (lower class) would take part in the FESTIVALS during Popular recreation 2. Find out what Pedestrianism is 3. What is Real Tennis, who played it, where was it played and who played it 4. Watch a video of Ashbourne Shrovetide football (go on google or you tube) Explain how the game is played 5. Why did people go swimming during the Popular Recreation period? Where did they go swimming? 6. Try and find out as much as you can about Cricket in the 1700 s and early 1800 s. Write down some key facts