Epithelial Tissue. Simple Cuboidal Function: secretion and absorption. Simple Squamous

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1 Epithelial Tissue General Functions: Lines and covers organs Absorbs / secretes substances Gas exchange Protection Special Characteristics: - have an apical surface on top - have a basement membrane below fibrous glue that anchors tissue to underlying tissue - has no vascular tissue (no blood supply) - reproduce rapidly (rapid healing) - are tightly packed together a.s. b.m. Epithelial tissue is classified based on layers and shape of cells first name: simple = single layer or stratified = multiple layers squamous = flat second name: or cuboidal = square or columnar = column (rectangle) Function: diffusion and filtration. Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidneys, glands, ducts and covering the ovaries Location: Air sacs in lungs, walls of capillaries 1

2 Simple Columnar Function: secretion and absorption Location: digestive tract and uterus *Contains goblet cells to secrete mucus *Can have microvilli Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer, nuclei are uneven which gives it a layered appearance Can have goblet cells and cilia Function: absorption, secretion Location: lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system Stratified Squamous - most common stratified tissue apical surface The ink of tattoos must be injected below the basement membrane. Function: protection Location: skin, mouth, esophagus, anus Transitional Epithelium -- cuboidal cells -- Stretchable ( distended ) Function: blocks diffusion (no leaking) Location: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra Transitional Epithelium 2

3 Stratified Cuboidal -- usually only 2 layers Function: secrete / absorb Location: glandular ducts Stratified Columnar -- apical layer is columnar Function: secrete / absorb Location: glandular ducts Identify the tissues A B C D E F G H I Categories of Connective Tissues Fibrous Tissue Cells (fibroblasts) Other Cells that make up Connective Tissue Blood cells (Red = erythrocytes; White = leukocytes) Fat cells (adipocytes) Reticular cells (reticulocytes) 3

4 Connective Tissue General Characteristics: Most abundant tissues in the body; found throughout Functions: Connects/Binds structures together; support, protection, framework, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, & helps repair tissue Made of various cells, ground substance ( glue ), & fibers (support) all make up extracellular matrix fluid and/or fibrous substance surrounding the individual cells Most have a good blood supply (vascularized) Reproduce less often than epithelial Main types of Fibers in Conn. T. Elastic (elastin) Collagen Bone Tissue (Osseus Tissue) Made up of few cells mainly composed of a matrix of calcified fibers Function: protection & support other organs Bone Cells (osteocytes) Hyaline Cartilage Function: support, cushioning Location: covers ends of bones, larynx (voice box), b/w ribs & sternum, fetal skeleton Fibrocartilage Function: compression, cushioning Location: b/w vertebrae Has a glassy appearance 4

5 Elastic cartilage Dense/Fibrous Connective Tissue Function: flexible support Distinguishing feature: Cells are usually tightly packed Location: External Ear Function: support, protect Location: between bones & muscles Tendons = muscles to bones Ligaments = bones to bones Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Location: lower layer of skin (dermis); walls of tubular organs; white of eyes Function: bind tissues together; allows movement of organs without tearing * Notice that the collagen fibers are NOT parallel, as in Dense Regular tissue Loose Connective Tissues Areolar -- Soft, pliable, cobwebby Function: packing tissue, glue to hold organs together & hold in position, soaks up excess fluid Location: around soft organs; under skin Adipose (fat) -- large vacuole stores oil & pushes nucleus to the side Function: insulation, protection, Location: beneath skin, eye sockets, surrounding organs, hips, breasts Loose Connective Tissue (cont d) Reticular Connective Tissue Function: internal framework of some organs (supports production of white blood cells) Location: lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow Blood (Vascular) Tissue White blood cell Function: transport gases & nutrients; produces matrix for clotting red blood cells Location: throughout the body 5

6 Dense / Fibrous IRREGULAR CT Cartilage Cells (chondrocytes) Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Dense / Fibrous REGULAR CT Areolar 6

7 Adipose Reticular CT Blood Bone Fibrocartilage Muscle Tissue 7

8 Skeletal muscle -- Make up muscular system -- Cells are long, cylindrical, and striated with several nuclei Function: Voluntary movement Location: attached to skeleton Cardiac muscle -- cells are branched, uninucleate, with intercalated discs Function: involuntary movement (heartbeat) Location: only the heart Smooth (visceral) muscle -- cells are non-striated, uninucleate, pointed Function: peristalsis (movement of food through openings) Nervous Tissue -- cells are called neurons very long cells (some are 3 ft!) cushioned by supporting cells Function: send/receive electrochemical impulses (irritability, conductivity) Location: mostly brain & spinal cord, throughout body Location: digestive tract Nervous tissue (spinal cord) 8

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