Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Transcription

1 Objectives Identify the five main roles of the skeletal system. Describe the functions of bones and joints. Explain how you can keep your skeletal system healthy. Slide 1 of 24

2 Quick Quiz Complete each of these statements with always, sometimes, or never. I warm up before exercising. When I ride a bicycle or play contact sports, I wear a helmet and other protective gear. When I ride in a vehicle, I fasten my seat belt. My backpack for school is less that 15% of my body weight. I make an effort to eat balance meals and exercise regularly. Why do you think that teens might not always practice these healthful behaviors? Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz. Slide 2 of 24

3 Functions of the Skeletal System Your skeletal system has five main roles. provides support protects internal organs allows your body to move stores and produces materials that your body needs Slide 3 of 24

4 Support and Protection Your skeleton is made up of all the bones in your body. Your skeleton gives your body its basic shape and provides the support that you need. Many bones of the skeletal system protect internal organs. Slide 4 of 24

5 Movement In coordination with your muscular and nervous systems, your skeletal system allows you to move. Slide 5 of 24

6 Storage and Production of Materials Your bones store essential substances which are released when other parts of the body need them. Some bones also produce blood cells. Slide 6 of 24

7 The Skeletal System Skull 1) Sternum (breastbone) 2) Vertebral column (backbone) ) Carpals 4) Metacarpals 5) Phalanges 6) Tarsals 7) Metatarsals 12) Ribs 13) Radius 14) Ulna 15) Pelvic girdle 16) Femur ) Phalanges 9) Clavicle (collarbone) 17) Patella 18) Fibula ) Scapula (shoulder blade) 11) Humerus 19) Tibia Slide 7 of 24

8 Bones and Joints Your skeletal system is made up of just over 200 bones. A place in your body where two or more of your bones come together is called a joint. Slide 8 of 24

9 Development of Bones Your bones are living structures that undergo change throughout your life. Cartilage is a tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone. By young adulthood, most of this cartilage is replaced by bone in a process called ossification (ahs uh fih KAY shun). In a process called ossification minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, are deposited within the cartilage, making it hard. Slide 9 of 24

10 Structure of Bones Bone consists of two different types of tissue compact bone and spongy bone. Another type of tissue called marrow fills the spaces in bones. There are two types of marrow red and yellow. Slide 10 of 24

11 Compact Bone Compact bone makes up the outer layer of all bones. Although it looks dense and solid, It is full of holes for nerves and blood vessels. Outer Membrane An outer membrane covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and breakdown bone. Central Cavity Central cavities in long bones usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat). Spongy Bone Spongy bone contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the open spaces in some bones. Slide 11 of 24

12 Joints Joints allow for movement and protect bones from friction and force. Bones are held together at joints by strong, fibrous bands called ligaments. Slide 12 of 24

13 Pivot Joint A pivot joint connects your head to the first vertebra in your backbone. It allows you to turn your head from side to side. Ball-and-Socket Joint A ball-and-socket joint allows movement in all directions. Your shoulders and hips are ball-and-socket joints. Gliding Joint Gliding joints allow movement in many directions as the bones slide along each other. Your wrists and ankles contain gliding joints. Hinge Joint Hinge joints allow bending and straightening movements.your knees and elbows are hinge joints. Slide 13 of 24

14 Active Art: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Click on the screen above to launch the Active Art. Slide 14 of 24

15 For: More on movable joints Click above to go online. Slide 15 of 24

16 Keeping Healthy A combination of eating well, exercising, and avoiding injuries contributes to lifelong bone and joint health. Regular medical checkups can help detect skeletal system problems. Slide 16 of 24

17 Eating Well Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus will help your bones grow to their maximum size and strength. Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become weak and break easily. Other nutrients that are important for bone health include potassium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, and D. Slide 17 of 24

18 Exercising Another way to build strong bones and prevent osteoporosis is to get plenty of weight-bearing exercise. Activities in which the bones support the entire weight of your body help your bones grow strong and dense. Slide 18 of 24

19 Avoiding Bone Injuries A fracture is a break in a bone. You can protect your bones from fractures. When participating in a physical activity, wear appropriate safety equipment, such as helmets and pads. Always wear a seat belt when traveling in a vehicle. Slide 19 of 24

20 Avoiding Joint Injuries Proper warm-up and stretching exercises are important to help prevent joint injuries. Sprains A sprain is an overstretched or torn ligament. Dislocations In a dislocation, the ends of the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal positions. Torn Cartilage Serious damage to the cartilage between the bones in a joint is known as torn cartilage. Overuse Injuries When an activity is performed too often or too strenuously, joints may become irritated and inflamed. Slide 20 of 24

21 Medical Checkups A doctor can advise you on how to prevent serious injury or recommend other professionals who can help you. A nurse or doctor may check your spine for scoliosis (skoh lee OH sis), an abnormal curvature of the spine. Slide 21 of 24

22 Vocabulary joint cartilage ossification marrow ligament A place in the body where two or more bones meet. A tough, supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone. The process during infancy and childhood in which cartilage is replaced by bone. The soft tissue that fills spaces inside bones. A strong, fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint. Slide 22 of 24

23 Vocabulary osteoporosis fracture sprain dislocation scoliosis A condition in which a significant loss of bone mass causes bones to become weak and break easily. A break in a bone. An overstretched or torn ligament. An injury that occurs when the ends of the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal positions. An abnormal curvature of the spine. Slide 23 of 24

24 QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz. Slide 24 of 24

25 End of Section 11.1 Click on this slide to end this presentation. Slide 25 of 24