L01:Name and locate the major bones within the skeletal system.

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1 L01:Name and locate the major bones within the skeletal system. All physical activity requires movement using bones and muscles. Name three major bones which are located in the leg. Bone 1 - Bone 2- Bone 3- (3 marks)

2 LO2: Identify and describe the functions of the skeletal system. (a) Blood cell production is one of the functions of the skeleton. Name three others (3 marks) (b) Select one of the above and explain its contribution to the functioning of the skeletal system. (3 marks)

3 Which bones do you know? Skeleton Test (20)

4 The Skeletal System There are 206 bones in the human body - the larger bones are: Cranium Scapula (hidden) Clavicle Sternum Vertebrae Femur Tibia Humerus Radius Ribs Ulna Pelvis Patella Metacarpals Carpals Phalanges Skip to labelled diagram Fibula Phalanges Tarsals Metatarsals

5 Learning Objective 1. Explain the term synovial joint. 2. Describe the structure of a synovial joint. 3. Identify types of synovial joints

6 Joints A joint is where two or more bones meet, the bones that move at this point are sometimes called the ARTICULATING BONES. Study hint You may be asked to name the bones which articulate at a certain joint. E.g. Name the articulating bones at the elbow joint? - Humerus, Radius, Ulna There are different types of joints in the human body, some allow movement whereas others don t. The most important is a SYNOVIAL JOINT.

7 Synovial Joints The main type of joint found in the body is a Synovial joints) Freely Moveable Joints A synovial joint is a freely moveable joint. The surfaces of the bone are covered by cartilage, called articular cartilage and connected by a fibrous connective tissue capsule (joint capsule) lined with synovial fluid. They are the largest group of joints found in the body, e.g. the hips, shoulders, knees and elbow.

8 Synovial Joints Mix & Max A typical synovial joint has the following characteristics: 1.Cartilage 2.Joint Capsule 1. The outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and protects the joint. 2. These are elastic straps which join bone to bone, holding the joint together. 3.Synovial Membrane 3. The fluid which surrounds the joint and acts like an oil, lubricating it to allow easy movement. 4.Synovial Fluid 5.Ligaments 6.Tendons 4. material which covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint. 5. These are non-elastic straps which join muscle to bone. 6. The inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid. Answers 1=4, 2=1, 3=6, 4=3, 5=2, 6=5

9 Synovial Joints Synovial Joints are also known as Freely Moveable Joints. They are freely moving and occur where 2 or more bones meet. There are about 70 freely moveable joints in the human skeleton. A typical synovial joint has the following characteristics: 1. Cartilage A material which covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint. 2. Joint Capsule The outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and protects the joint. 3. Synovial Membrane The inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid. 4. Synovial Fluid The fluid which surrounds the joint and acts like an oil, lubricating it to allow easy movement. 5. Ligaments These are elastic straps which join bone to bone, holding the joint together. 6. Tendons These are non-elastic straps which join muscle to bone.

10 Now your turn Add the following structures to the knee joint worksheet; - Tendons - Cartilage - Synovial Membrane - Tibia - Synovial Fluid - Ligaments - Femur - Patella Add the following structures to the hip joint worksheet; - Pelvis - Cartilage - Synovial Membrane - Synovial Fluid - Ligaments - Femur - Tendons

11 The Synovial Joint of the Knee The knee is a hinge joint. Femur Tendons Synovial Membrane Synovial Fluid Patella Ligaments Cartilage Tibia

12 The Synovial Joint of the Hip The Hip is a ball and socket joint. Cartilage Synovial Membrane Pelvis Tendons Ligaments Synovial Fluid Femur

13 Now your turn Using Pg.7-9 of the OCR textbook, demonstrate your understanding of Ligaments, Cartilage and Tendons.

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