Medical Terminology: A Living Language Bonnie F. Fremgen Suzanne S. Frucht Fifth Edition

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1 Medical Terminology: A Living Language Bonnie F. Fremgen Suzanne S. Frucht Fifth Edition

2 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: Pearson Education Limited 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 10: ISBN 10: ISBN 13: ISBN 13: British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Printed in the United States of America

3 Musculoskeletal System Chart Note Transcription The chart note below contains 11 phrases that can be reworded with a medical term that you learned in this chapter. Each phrase is identified with an underline. Determine the medical term and write your answers in the space provided. Current Complaint: Past History: Signs and Symptoms: Diagnosis: Treatment: An 82-year-old female was transported to the Emergency Room via ambulance with severe left hip pain following a fall on the ice. Patient suffered a wrist broken bone 2 years earlier that required immobilization by solid material. Following this broken bone, her physician who specializes in treatment of bone conditions diagnosed her with moderate porous bones on the basis of a computer-assisted X-ray. Patient reported severe left hip pain, rating it as 8 on a scale of 1 to 10. She held her hip in a bent position and could not tolerate movement toward a straight position. X-rays of the left hip and leg were taken. Shattered broken bone in the neck of the left thigh bone. Implantation of an artificial hip joint on the left. 191

4 Case Study Musculoskeletal System Below is a case study presentation of a patient with a condition covered by this chapter. Read the case study and answer the questions below. Some questions will ask for information not included within this chapter. Use your text, a medical dictionary, or any other reference material you choose to answer these questions. Mary Pearl, age 60, has come into the physician s office complaining of swelling, stiffness, and arthralgia, especially in her elbows, wrists, and hands. A bone scan revealed acute inflammation in multiple joints with damaged articular cartilage and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate blood test indicated a significant level of acute inflammation in the body. A diagnosis of acute episode of rheumatoid arthritis was made. The physician ordered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy. The therapist initiated a treatment program of hydrotherapy and AROM exercises. (Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock) 1. What pathological condition does this patient have? Look this condition up in a reference source and include a short description of it. 2. What type of long-term damage may occur in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis? 3. Describe the other major type of arthritis mentioned in your textbook. 4. What two diagnostic procedures did the physician order? Describe them in your own words. What were the results? 5. What treatments were ordered? Explain what the physical therapy procedures involve. 6. This patient is experiencing an acute episode. Explain what this phrase means and contrast it with chronic. 192

5 Practice Exercises A. Complete the Statement Musculoskeletal System 1. The two divisions of the human skeleton are the and. 2. Another name for visceral muscle is muscle. 3. The five functions of the skeletal system are to,,,, and. 4. Nerves contact skeletal muscle fibers at the junction. 5. bones are roughly as long as they are wide. 6. The membrane covering bones is called the. 7. A Colles fracture occurs in the. 8. Another name for spongy bone is bone. 9. joints are the most common joints in the body. 10. The three types of muscle are,, and. 11. A is a smooth, round opening in bones. 12. The is the shaft of a long bone. B. Adjective Form Practice Give the adjective form for the following bones. 1. femur 2. sternum 3. clavicle 4. coccyx 5. maxilla 6. tibia 7. patella 8. phalanges 9. humerus 10. pubis 193

6 Musculoskeletal System C. Combining Form Practice The combining form oste/o refers to bone. Use it to write a term that means: 1. bone cell 2. embryonic bone cell 3. porous bone 4. disease of the bone 5. cutting into a bone 6. instrument to cut bone 7. inflammation of the bone and bone marrow 8. softening of the bones 9. tumor composed of both bone and cartilage The combining form my/o refers to muscle. Use it to write a term that means: 10. muscle disease 11. surgical repair of muscle 12. suture of muscle 13. record of muscle electricity 14. muscle weakness The combining form ten/o refers to tendons. Use it to write a term that means: 15. tendon pain 16. tendon suture The combining form arthr/o refers to the joints. Use it to write a term that means: 17. surgical fusion of a joint 18. surgical repair of a joint 19. cutting into a joint 20. inflammation of a joint 21. puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint 22. pain in the joints 194

7 Musculoskeletal System The combining form chondr/o refers to cartilage. Use it to write a term that means: 23. cartilage removal 24. cartilage tumor 25. cartilage softening D. Name That Suffix Suffix Example from Chapter 1. fuse 2. weakness 3. slipping 4. to surgically break 5. movement 6. porous E. Spinal Column Practice Name the five regions of the spinal column and indicate the number of bones in each area. Name Number of Bones F. Prefix and Suffix Practice Circle the prefix and/or suffix. Place a P for prefix or an S for suffix over these word parts then, define the term. 1. arthroscopy 2. intervertebral 3. chondromalacia 4. diskectomy 5. intracranial 6. subscapular 195

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