Basic Tissue Types and Functions

Transcription

1 Tissues Histology

2 Basic Tissue Types and Functions 1) Epithelial tissue covering 2) Connective tissue support 3) Muscle tissue movement 4) Nervous tissue control

3 Epithelial Tissue 1) Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity 2) Forms parts of most glands 3) Functions of epithelia A) Protection B) Diffusion C) Absorption, secretion, and ion transport D) Filtration E) Forms slippery surfaces for substance movement

4 Special Characteristics of Epithelia 1) Cellularity 2) Specialized contacts 3) Polarity 4) Support by connective tissue 5) Avascular but innervated 6) Regeneration

5 Tissue Nomenclature of Epithelia First name = cell layers? Simple Stratified Last name = shape of cells? Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

6 Simple Squamous Epithelium 1) Function passive diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances 2) Location kidneys lungs Lining of heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels serosa

7 Simple Squamous Epithelium

8 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1) Function Secretion and absorption 2) Location Kidney small glands (secretory portions & ducts) ovary surface

9 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

10 Simple Columnar Epithelium 1) Function Absorption secretion of mucus, enzymes, and substances goblet cells propels mucus or reproductive cells cilia 2) Location Non-ciliated form: digestive tract, gallbladder, glands (ducts) Ciliated form: small bronchi, fallopian tubes, and uterus

11 Simple Columnar Epithelium

12 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1) Function secretion of mucus goblet cells propulsion of mucus cilia 2) Location Non-ciliated type male reproductive tubes (ducts) large glands (ducts) Ciliated variety trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

13 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

14 Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1) Function Protection from abrasion types of tissue = keratinized and non-keratinized 2) Location Keratinized: epidermis Non-keratinized: mucous membranes of body openings mouth => esophagus, anus Vagina Distal Urethra

15 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

16 Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium 1) Function Protection 2) Location ducts Mammary glands Salivary glands sweat glands (Largest)

17 Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

18 Stratified Columnar Epithelium 1) Function protection secretion 2) Location male urethra some glands (large ducts)

19 Stratified Columnar Epithelium

20 1) Description Transitional Epithelium stratified cuboidal/columnar stratified squamous 2) Function distension of urinary organs 3) Location urinary bladder Ureters proximal urethra

21 Transitional Epithelium

22 Glands 1) Endocrine glands hormones 2) exocrine glands Mucus Enzymes sebum Saliva sweat

23 1) Features that bind adjacent cells on the lateral surfaces 2) Types A) tight junction Impermeable junction prevents intercellular crossing B) adherent junction (desmosome) Linker proteins form an internal tension-reducing network of fibers C) gap junction Cell Junctions

24 Basement membrane 1) function selective filter 2) structure Basal Lamina Reticular lamina

25 Connective Tissue (CT)

26 Functions of CT 1) Binding and support 2) Protection 3) Insulation 4) storage 5) Transportation blood 6) Defending against infection

27 special characteristics of CT 1) cells 2) extracellular matrix Ground substance & fibers 3) vascularity 4) innervation 5) regeneration rate

28 1) Fibers Structural Elements of CT A) Elastic B) Collagen C) Reticular 2) Specialized cells A) Fibroblasts B) Chondroblasts C) Osteoblasts D) adipocytes E) Blood cells RBCs, WBCs

29 Classes and Subclasses of Connective Tissue (CT) 1) fibrous CT = CT proper loose fibrous CT Dense fibrous CT 2) supporting CT Cartilage Bone tissue 3) fluid CT (Blood)

30 Connective Tissue Proper 1) subclasses A) Loose connective tissue Areolar CT Adipose CT Reticular CT B) Dense connective tissue dense regular CT Dense irregular CT

31 Areolar Connective Tissue 1) Function Wraps and cushions organs Binding tissues together 2) Locations under epithelia Packages organs Surrounds capillaries

32 Areolar Connective Tissue

33 Adipose Tissue 1) Function Storage Insulates against heat loss cushioning 2) Locations Under skin Around organs Behind eyeballs and in breasts

34 Adipose Tissue (c) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose

35 Reticular Connective Tissue 1) Function framework 2) Location Lymph nodes bone marrow spleen

36 Reticular Connective Tissue

37 Dense Regular Connective Tissue 1) Description parallel collagen fibers 2) Function Provides structural strength 3) Location Tendons and ligaments Aponeuroses Deep fascia

38 Dense Irregular Connective Tissue 1) Description irregularly arranged collagen fibers 2) Function Provides structural strength 3) Location Dermis Submucosa of digestive tract Fibrous capsules of joints and organs

39 Cartilages 1) Characteristics Extracellular matrix Semi-solid dense collagen Chondrocytes Lacuna 2) types of Cartilage Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage

40 Hyaline Cartilage

41 Elastic Cartilage

42 Fibrocartilage

43 1) Characteristics Extracellular matrix Solid dense collagen Osteocytes Minerals Ca2+ carbonate Calcium phosphate (same as limestone) 2) Functions Supports and protects Muscle attachment site Storage Bone

44 Blood 1) Characteristics Extracellular matrix plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes 2) functions Defense transportation

45 Epithelium vs. CT 1) Cellularity 2) Extracellular matrix 3) Vascularity 4) Innervation 5) Rate of regeneration

46 Covering and Lining Membranes 1) characteristics types of tissues 2) functions covers protects 3) types Cutaneous membrane Serosa = Lines closed cavities Mucous membrane = lines hollow organs Synovial membrane

47

48 Tissue Change and Death Hypertrophy Atrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Neoplasia