April 20, Living Organisms: The Skeletal System

Transcription

1 Living Organisms: The Skeletal System

2 Day 1 April 20, 2018

3 The skeleton is a structural framework that supports and protects the human body.. April 20, 2018

4 Estimate- How many bones you have in your body? Actual number in an adult body 206: When you're born you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older.

5 Many bones form from tissue called cartilage.. Feel the tip of your nose and your ears. They are both made of cartilage.. At just a few months old bone starts to replace your cartilage. This process stops when you are about 25 years old. This is also when you stop growing.

6 Cartilage Cartilage is a thick tissue layer covering the ends of bones. Cartilage is slippery and thick to be a shock absorber and to reduce friction when bones rub together.

7 What would happen if humans didn't have bones? You'd be floppy like a beanbag. Could you stand up? Forget it. Could you walk? No way. Without bones you'd be just a puddle of skin and guts on the floor. Bones have 5 purposes. Some, like your backbone, provide the structure that enables you to stand erect instead of lying like a puddle on the floor. Other bones protect the delicate, and sometimes soft, insides of your body. Your skull, a series of fused bones, acts like a hard protective helmet for your brain. The bones, or vertebrae, of your spinal column surround your spinal cord, a complex bundle of nerves. Imagine what could happen to your heart and lungs without the protective armour of your rib cage! Picture of you without bones!

8 Function of bones.pptx April 20, 2018

9 How your bones work April 20, 2018

10 Day 2 April 20, 2018

11 Are Bones Alive? Absolutely! Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them strength and tons of living cells, which help them grow and repair themselves. Like other cells in your body, the bone cells rely on blood to keep them alive. Blood brings them food and oxygen and takes away waste. If bones weren't made of living cells, things like broken toes or arms would never mend. But don't worry, they do. That's because your bone cells are busy growing and multiplying to repair the break! How? When you break your toe, blood clots form to close up the space between the broken segments. Then your body mobilizes bone cells to deposit more of the hard stuff to bridge the break.

12 What are the components that make up bones? 1. Compact Bone 3. Bone Marrow 2. Spongy Bone 4. Blood Vessels

13 TWO TYPES OF BONES - Compact Bone - Spongy Bone What can you infer about each of these types of bone, based on the names and where they are located? Brain storm for a minute, and then pair up to discuss your ideas.

14 Compact Bone Compact bone is directly under the periosteum - it is living tissue! Provides strength to bones Made of calcium phosphate deposits Contains bone cells and blood vessels

15 Spongy Bone Spongy bone is near the ends of longer bones. Contains lots of small spaces to make bones lighter Cavities in spongy bone are filled with marrow. Marrow can be yellow and be made of fat cells, or red and produce red blood cells.

16 What is bone marrow? Many bones are hollow. Their hollowness makes bones strong and light. It's in the center of many bones that bone marrow makes new red and white blood cells. Red blood cells ensure that oxygen is distributed to all parts of your body and white blood cells ensure you are able to fight germs and disease. Who would have thought that bones make blood!?! April 20, 2018

17 Blood Vessels -Cary blood throughout the body Humans can't live without blood. Without blood, the body's organs couldn't get the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive, we couldn't keep warm or cool off, fight infections, or get rid of our own waste products. Without enough blood, we'd weaken and die.

18 Closure Learn more about your bones

19 Day 3 April 20, 2018

20 Joints A joint is any place where two or more bones come together. Cartilage always holds healthy bones apart. Ligaments hold healthy bones in place. A ligament is a thick band of tissue. You have immovable and movable joints. Immovable joints don t allow movement (duh). > Ex: Bones in the skull. Movable joints DO allow movement. > There are different types: pivot, ball and socket, hinge, and gliding. They allow different types of movement.

21 Types of Joints Ball and Socket- allows for rotational movement Hinge- allows for back and forth movement Pivot- allows for movement from side to side Gliding- allows for sliding past one another Saddle-allows for rotation and back and forth Fixed - allows little or no movement

22 Brainstorming Before the next slide, think about the different types of movable joints. Where do you think you would find each of those in your body? (Ball & Socket, Hinge, Pivot)

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24 Ball and Socket allows for rotational movement (shoulder, hip) April 20, 2018

25 Hinge allows for back and forth movement (knee, elbow) April 20, 2018

26 Quick Check Which joint is a ball & socket and which is a hinge? A B How do they help with movement?

27 Pivot allows for movement from side to side (base of skull)

28 Saddle Joint allows for rotation and back and forth (thumb) April 20, 2018

29 Quick Check Which is a pivot joint and which is a saddle joint? A B How do they help with movement?

30 Fixed - Immovable allows little or no movement (skull & pelvis) April 20, 2018

31 Gliding Joint allows for sliding past one another (metacarpal) April 20, 2018

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33 Glue in your notebook April 20, 2018

34 Day 4 April 20, 2018

35 Work with your partner to assemble the skeleton! April 20, 2018

36 GIVE ME A HAND! Pass the hand. If you're holding it when the music stops it is your turn to share what you learned today.

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