Please do the following

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1 Please do the following 1. Read the Learners must know section (see below) 2. Watch the GCSE POD video 3. Attempt Exam Questions 4. Mark your answers 5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and understand all specification requirements GCSE POD: OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 1 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

2 Skeletal System Learners MUST KNOW R A G Locations of the major The location of these bones bones - Cranium Ulna - Radius - Metacarpals - Carpals - Phalanges - Femur - Patella - Fibula - Tibia - Ribs - Tarsals - Scapula - Metatarsals - Pelvis - Vertebrae - Humerus - Sternum - Clavicle Functions of the skeleton Types of synovial joint Types of movement at hinge joints and ball and socket joints Other components of joints Apply examples of how the skeleton provides and allows us to. - Support - Posture - Protection - Movement - Blood cell production - Storage of minerals The definition of a synovial joint Know how the following hinge joints work. Knee articulating bones femur, tibia. Elbow articulating bones humerus, radius, ulna Know how the following ball and socket joints work. Shoulder articulating bones humerus, scapula. Hip articulating bones pelvis, femur. Know the different types of movement at the hinge joints and be able to apply them to sporting examples - Flexion - Extension Know the different types of movement at the ball and socket joins and be able to apply them to sporting examples - Flexion - Extension - Rotation - Abduction - Adduction - Circumduction Know the role of the - Ligament - Cartilage - Tendons OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 2 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

3 Physical Education (9-1) Skeletal System Rafferty Gunn OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may see slight differences between this paper and the original. Duration: Not set Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used in this paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Candidate forename Candidate surname Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 31. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 3 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

4 Answer all the questions. 1. Which one of the following is a function of the skeleton? (a) To deliver oxygen to working muscles (b) To produce lactic acid (c) To store minerals (d) To create a good image 2. Giving a practical example for each, describe what is meant by adduction and abduction in joint movements. Adduction Abduction [4] 3. Which one of the following is an example of a hinge joint? OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 4 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

5 (a) The elbow joint (b) The shoulder joint (c) The spinal column (d) The hip joint 4. Which one of the following is not a function of the skeleton? (a) To protect internal organs (b) To provide the lungs with a blood supply (c) To give the body its shape (d) To provide leverage for muscle movement 5. Identify the type of joint found at the knee. Explain the role of the quadriceps and the hamstrings in flexing the knee. Type of joint Role of quadriceps Role of hamstrings [4] OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 5 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

6 6. Which one of the following is an example of a ball and socket joint? (a) Ankle joint (b) Elbow joint (c) Shoulder joint (d) Neck joint 7. Which one of the following is an example of adduction? (a) Moving your leg out to the side to gain balance in a gymnastic routine (b) Bending your arms when performing a biceps curl in weight training (c) Throwing your head back when breathing in backstroke (d) Moving both arms towards your body during the breast stroke 8. Describe two roles of ligaments within joints when performing a physical activity. [2] 9. Which one of the following statements is false? Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 6 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

7 The movement at the elbow joint during a biceps curl is an example of flexion and (A) extension. (B) The deltoid at the shoulder joint during a biceps curl is an example of a fixator. Most of the lever systems that provide movement in sport are examples of third class (C) levers. An example of a second class lever is a tennis player using their elbow joint during a (D) forehand shot. 10. Describe how the skeleton performs three of its functions [3] 11. Which one of the following is not an articulating bone of the elbow joint? Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. (A) humerus (B) radius (C) clavicle (D) ulna 12. Which one of the following is an example of a hinge joint? OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 7 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

8 (a) Shoulder (b) Neck (c) Elbow (d) Wrist 13. Identify three different functions of the skeleton [3] 14. The knee is an example of a synovial joint. Complete the table below for the knee joint. Type of joint (other than synovial) (i)... Articulating bones Femur and (ii)... Movements available (iii)... and Extension [3] 15. Identify the two different types of movement that can take place at the shoulder joint OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 8 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

9 [2] 16. Which one of the following is the best description of the movement allowed by a hinge joint? (a) Allows a wide range of movement (b) Only allows rotation (c) Allows for abduction and adduction (d) Only allows flexion and extension 17. Which one of the following is not a function of the skeleton? (a) To give support to the body (b) To protect the heart and lungs (c) To ensure enough oxygen reaches the working muscles (d) To produce red blood cells END OF QUESTION PAPER OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 9 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

10 Mark scheme Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance 1 c. 1 Accept diagram if meaning is clear Accept any relevant practical example use BOD if the movement involves any aspect of Four marks for four from: Sub max three marks from: each movement. Accept the example for one mark if it involves the correct movement 1. (adduction) is movement towards (the midline 2 of) the body 2. Eg In swimming the propulsive/kicking of the legs during the breaststroke leg kick involves adduction 3. (abduction) is movement away from (the midline of) the body 4. Eg Box splits in gymnastics shows abduction 4 Examiner s Comments Some candidates showed confusion with this question and could not differentiate between adduction and abduction. The better candidates gave a good account and then gave a relevant practical example. Too many candidates gave examples where it was impossible to assess whether the idea of either adduction or abduction was understood, for example the breast stroke has many actions involved and is not a good example on its own of either of these movements. Candidates are advised to be more specific about the examples that they give. Total 4 3 A 1 4 B 1 4 marks for 4 from: To gain full marks both quads and hams must be covered in the answer: 1 mark sub max for named joint: Sub max of two marks for the quads 1. Hinge / synovial hinge. Sub max of two marks for the hams 3 marks sub max for the role of muscles in flexion at 5 knee: 2 marks sub max for quads 4 Do not accept flexing Accept extend for point 3 as eq to lengthen. 2. Quads will help by stabilising / working against / opposes the hamstrings Examiner s Comments 3. Quads relax / lengthen Most candidates could identify the hinge joint and the best OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 10 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

11 4. Quads are the antagonists. 2 marks sub max for hams 5. Hamstrings will bend the knee candidates were able to explain the role of muscles in flexing the knee. Some candidates confused the actions of the two groups of muscles and some did not read the question carefully which related to flexion at the knee rather than extension. 6. Hamstrings will contract / shorten 7. Hamstrings are the agonists / the prime mover. Total 4 6 c. Shoulder joint 7 d. Moving both arms towards your body during the breast stroke Two marks from: 8 1. They connect bone to tissue / they are connective tissue 2. They stabilize the joints during movement / prevent dislocation / restrict movement 3. They are able to protect joints / bones (because of their elasticity) / they can absorb shock 4. They help maintain correct posture / movement or enable proprioception 2 2 x (AO1) Total 2 9 (D) An example of a second class lever is a tennis player using their elbow joint during a forehand shot 1 1 x (AO2) Any three from: 1. support keeps body upright / provides framework to support muscles / tissues in body 2. posture skeleton / skeletal structure gives 10 correct shape to the body 3. protection parts of the skeleton / skeletal structure protect internal organs / reduce risk of 3 3 x (AO1) Must describe the function to be awarded marks, examples may form part of the description e.g. cranium protecting the brain on impact. injury / damage on impact (e.g. ribs protect the heart, cranium protects the brain) 4. movement skeleton / skeletal structure allows muscle attachment / provides leverage to enable movement OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 11 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

12 5. (red) blood cell production bone marrow in some larger bones produces blood cells 6. storage of minerals bones release minerals in to the blood as needed (calcium phosphorus) Total 3 11 (C) clavicle 1 1 x (AO1) 12 c. Red blood cells = vg minerals = vg moveable = vg shape = BOD Three marks for three from: 1. Gives shape/support /structure/(to help) posture or to hold up body/hold body together Examiner s Comments Blood (cell) production or supplies (red) blood (cells) 3. Protection / avoids injury/allows risk-free movement / protects (vital) organs 4. Movement/leverage/levers / muscle attachment 5. Mineral store [3] Most candidates scored at least one mark for this question. The majority of candidates could identify three different functions of the skeleton. Shape and support, protection, movement and mineral store were the most common responses. Some candidates failed to give store or storage with minerals. A number of candidates described the functions of the skeleton which is more than the command word asked for for example protect the organs (heart/lungs). One word answers in many cases were given & maximum marks could still be obtained for such lists with this identify recall question. Total 3 14 (i) Hinge (ii) Tibia (iii) Flexion 3 3 x (AO1) Do not accept: (i) Synovial joint Total 3 2 marks from: Flexion 2. Extension 3. Adduction 4. Abduction 5. Circumduction 2 2 x (AO1) Total 2 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 12 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

13 16 d. Only allows flexion and extension 17 c. To ensure enough oxygen reaches the working muscles OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 13 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder