Preventing Workplace Injuries with Ergonomics
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1 Preventing Workplace Injuries with Ergonomics Richard W. Bunch, PhD, PT, CBES ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
2 Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Low Back Injuries- #1 Disabling Orthopedic Injury Among Workers
3 3 of 4 Back Injuries while Lifting 83% occur in this posture Source: U.S. Department of Labor
4 Trunk Flexion Range of Motion is Reduced with Age Coupled by Restriction from Tight Hamstrings
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6 Effects of Stooped Lifting on the Spine
7 Lifting forces can be measured with a dynamometer ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
8 Rope Wires and Ratchets weight in ranges from lbs on average
9 The Deadly Combination: Flexion, Twisting and Reaching Out with a Load Worst Scenario for Rupturing a Disc in the Low back
10 Disc Herniations or Ruptures ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
11 Back Surgery Too Often Fails. ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
12 Legal Case when Transferring a wire from a Loaded Barge to the Fleetdeck Defending against the NIOSH Lift Equation
13 Dynamometer
14 Objective Analyses of Lifting WISHA & NIOSH
15 NIOSH Lift Equation RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM LC = load constant (51 lbs) HM = horizontal multiplier (10-25 ) VM = vertical multiplier DM = distance multiplier (V end V start) AM = Asymmetry multiplier FM = Frequency multiplier (lifts/minute) CM = Coupling multiplier Can be downloaded PDF file and on smart phones
16 WISHA Lifting Analysis Adapted from State of Washington Department of Labor and Industries Ergonomics Rule:
17 WISHA Lifting Analysis Step 1: Determine Actual Weight that is Lifted Step 2: Determine the Unadjusted Weight Limit (Diagram on left) Unadjusted Weight Limit = lbs
18 Lifting Correctly The B.L.A.S.T. Technique Bow the back in (lock it in) Legs - Use them! (not the back) Abs - Tighten them (stabilize the back) Slowly and Smoothly lift (jerking increases stress) Twisting Avoid!!!
19 Break down and reduce loads to be lifted when you can. ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
20 ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
21 ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
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23 Ergonomic Study: Lifts end of flex hose weighing 75 lbs to level flange and connect to riser. Solutions?
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27 Fixed height carts are not best solution
28 Hydraulic Scissor Lift Carts
29 Scissor Lift Carts Permit loads to be adjusted to optimum height
30 Exoskeletons Exoskeletons are wearable robotic systems that minimize forces on the body. 30
31 The Back Saver Exercise
32 Compliments of suitx 1. Back Support Exoskeleton 2. Knee Support 3. Arm Support
33 Preventing Injuries from Valve Handling
34
35 Jerk Force: 328 ft lbs ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch Controlled Slow Tilt: 78 ft lbs of force
36 Drum Caddy
37 Preventing Neck and Shoulder Injuries: Neck and Rotator Cuff Injuries Peak Between years of age. ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
38 Lifting above shoulders increases risk for neck and shoulder injuries. ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
39 ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
40 Shoulder Injuries: The #3 Most Common Orthopedic Injury Among Workers
41 Subacromial Space Narrows with Age Secondary to Postural Changes
42 One of the Most Dangerous Postures Back flexion Neck extension Extending arm at shoulder while bending over at waist: Impinges the shoulder and contraction of shoulder and arm muscles reduces blood flow to capillaries in forearm and carpal tunnel which can lead to tendonitis and CTS
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45 ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
46 Modify Tools for Older Workers ISR Institute, Inc.
47 Work & Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Occupational Risk Factors: Deviated wrist postures Repetitive motion Forceful gripping Vibration from hand tools Non-Occupational Risk Factors: Age Obesity Diabetes / Metabolic syndrome Smoking Thyroid conditions Gender (> among women)
48 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery
49 Preventing Harmful Effects of Hand Arm Vibration (HAV)
50 Anti-Vibration Gloves Impacto Airgloves Anti-Vibration Tape and tools
51 Preventing Slips and Falls ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
52 Age Reduces Balance & Reaction Times Keeping decks clear of slip and trip hazards is critical! ISR Institute, Inc.
53 ISR Institute / Dr. Bunch
54 Awareness and Trail Hand Technique on Stairs
55 Observation-Based Postural Analysis
56 Analyzing Posture using REBA Rapid Entire Body Assessment Rapid Entire Body Assessment Hignett & McAtamney, 2000
57 REBA Employee Assessment Reba Score Risk Level 1 Negligible 2-3 Low Risk. Change may be needed. 4-7 Medium Risk. Further investigate. Change soon High Risk. Investigate and Implement Change 11+ Very High Risk. Implement Change
58 Fit-for-Duty Testing Matching Older Workers to the Job At time of hire (Post-Offer, Pre-Placement) When returning from work after an injury or illness
59 Begins with Physical Demands Validation (PDV) Ergonomic Assessment to Determine Essential Demands of the Job Must be realistic and represent essential job demands after all reasonable ergonomic interventions are in place.
60 To Ensure Safety, Physical Assessment Should Always Precede Post-Offer Testing
61 Identifies Pre-existing Conditions Rotator Cuff Injury
62 Pass/Fail Functional Testing must be based on Job Content Validity
63 Richard Bunch, PhD, PT, CBES (800)
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