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1 MasterActivatorRevolution.com 1

2 Copyright 2015 Health Vantage Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. Published by Galen White. Notes to the Reader: No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, scanned, or otherwise, except as permitted under U.S copyright law, without the prior written permission of the author. The statements found within the pages of this book have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. If a product or treatment is recommended in these pages, it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information contained herein is meant to be used to educate the reader and is in no way intended to provide individual medical advice. The publisher and the contributors are not engaged in rendering medical advice. All information contained in this book is received from sources believed to be accurate, but no guarantee, express or implied, can be made. Readers are encouraged to verify for themselves, and to their own satisfaction, the accuracy of all information, recommendations, conclusions, comments, opinions or anything else contained within these pages before making any kind of decisions based upon what they have read herein. The author of this e-book is not a licensed practitioner of medicine; therefore, the techniques, ideas, and opinions here are not intended as a substitute for proper medical advice! The information provided here is solely for informational purposes only. If medical advice or other professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The author does not accept any responsibility for any liabilities resulting from any health decisions made by purchasers of this book. The words contained in this text which are believed to be trademarked, service marked, or to otherwise hold proprietary rights have been designated as such by the use of initial capitalization. Inclusion, exclusion, or definition of a word or term is not intended to affect, or to express judgment upon the validity of legal status of any proprietary right which may be claimed for a specific word or term. Individual results may vary. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 2

3 CONTENTS What Is Arthritis?... 4 Different Types Of Arthritis... 6 Symptoms Of Arthritis... 8 Arthritis Treatments Alternative Treatments Is Arthritis Genetic? Arthritis In Children Arthritis In Seniors Managing Psoriatic Arthritis Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis What Is Muscular Rheumatism? Septic Arthritis In Children Arthritis Resource And Research MasterActivatorRevolution.com 3

4 What Is Arthritis? Several individuals start feeling some pain and discomfort in their joints during certain phases in their life. Most usually start developing problems when they turn 40 years old. There are also some who experience discomfort as early as in their teen years. Arthritis is a common occurrence for most individuals. Knowing the nature and characteristics of the problem can help you avoid it and learn more about treatment and alleviation. About the Problem Arthritis is described as a joint disorder that mainly features inflammation. A joint is defined as a part of the body where two bones meet. A joint works to move the body parts linked by its bones. Arthritis means inflammation of one or more joints literally. The problem is usually accompanied by joint paint. Joint pain is also known as arthralgia. There are different kinds of arthritis. The types range more than 100, covering those associated with cartilage wear and tear like osteoarthritis or others linked with inflammation that stems from an overactive immune system like rheumatoid arthritis. Several types make up some of the most common diseases in America. Arthritis is categorized as one of the rheumatic disorders. These are problems that are various individual abnormalities, having various treatments, features, prognoses and complications. These can also affect other parts such as the muscles, joints, tendons and cartilage. Internal structures may also be affected. The Symptoms There are several symptoms of arthritis. The main ones include limited function of joints and pain. The inflammation of the joints includes features like swelling, joint stiffness, warmth and redness. There can also be tenderness in the inflamed joint. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 4

5 Several forms of arthritis, since these are rheumatic diseases, can lead to symptoms that affect different organs of the body that may not directly include the joints. The symptoms in some patients with a form of arthritis may also involve other symptoms like gland or lymph node swelling, weight loss, fever, discomfort, fatigue and lung, kidney or heart abnormalities. Who Can Have Arthritis? Both men and women can have arthritis. Arthritis affects both children and adults, with over 350 million all around the world having the problem. In the United States alone, about 40 million individuals have arthritis, covering more than 250,000 kids. Over 27 million people in America are affected by osteoarthritis, while there are about 1.3 million rheumatoid arthritis sufferers. More than half of the people with arthritis are below 65 years old, while about 60% of all sufferers are female. On Diagnosis To diagnose arthritis, the physician will need to have a history of the symptoms and observe the joints for any deformity and inflammation. Some x-ray tests, blood tests, urine tests and joint fluid tests will have to be taken. Diagnosis will be made based on the symptom pattern, x-ray tests and distribution of the inflamed areas. There are several advantages to early diagnosis such as finding means of alleviation and preventing further complications. Physicians can order different regimens for long-term benefits such as physical therapy, rest, medication and surgery. What Causes Arthritis? The causes of arthritis can differ depending on the type. There are also different risk factors. Genetics can play a role among individuals. There are very likely genetic variations that will ultimately contribute to the occurrence during a person's life. Age can also be a predisposing factor as cartilage becomes more brittle, dampening the capacity for self-repair. Weight can be a problem as well. Excessive body weight can lead to arthritis while knees and hips can be worn down over time. Injury can cause irregularities in the joint. A broken part of the bone can enter the cartilage thereby causing pain and inflammation. Occupational hazards are also present, which means that some types of job pose a higher risk for developing arthritis, such as those people involved in heavy lifting, construction sites and extreme sports. Illness and infection can also lead to arthritis. Septic joints, gout episodes and other underlying illnesses can trigger joint arthritis. Treating Arthritis Arthritis can be treated depending on the type present. A good and early diagnosis will help boost the chance of successfully treating patients. Some of the available treatments include cold pack application, physical therapy, splinting, antiinflammation medications, paraffin wax dips, and surgery and immune-changing medications. Treatment can last anywhere between a few weeks to several years. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 5

6 Different Types Of Arthritis Arthritis is a common illness, with millions of individuals affected all over the globe. The problem also comes in various ways, depending on the cause and triggers. There are various types of arthritis and it is important that you understand the nature and characteristics so you can find the right treatment. You can also start practicing precautious measures to avoid the risks while you still can. Here is some more information. Osteoarthritis There are more than 100 types of arthritis, based on the source and symptoms. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common. It is a called a degenerative joint disorder that is triggered mainly by wear and tear. The pressure of gravity leads to physical joint damage and other surrounding tissues. Some of the symptoms include tenderness, pain, swelling and minimized function. Osteoarthritis in the beginning is non-inflammatory, with the onset only gradual and subtle covering one or a few joints. The most affected areas include the knees, hips, spine and hands. The risk of developing osteoarthritis rises with age. Some of the other risk factors include repetitive joint use, trauma and obesity. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is called an autoimmune disease that happens when the immune system attacks the synovium mistakenly. The synovium is the cell lining inside the joint. The condition is chronic and potentially disabling, leading to symptoms like swelling, stiffness, joint pain and loss of joint function. The cause of the problem is not fully known, but doctors suspect that there are genetic factors involved. The problem can be hard to diagnose early, since it starts gradually with subtle signs and symptoms. Juvenile Arthritis Juvenile arthritis is a general name for all kinds of arthritis that affects kids. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most common type of arthritis among children. There are 3 main types namely polyarticular, which affects several joints, system, which affects the whole body and pauciarticular, which pertains to a few joints only. Signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis tend to change from one kid to the next. Not one test can conclusively create a diagnosis. Juvenile arthritis should be present consistently for 6 or more weeks before a definite diagnosis can be made. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 6

7 Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriatic arthritis is very much the same as rheumatoid arthritis. About 5% of individuals with psoriasis, a long-term skin disease can also develop psoriatic arthritis. The condition involves the inflammation of joints and in some cases, the spine as well. Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is also a type of arthritis characterized by pain or muscle pain, poor sleep and chronic fatigue. The name indicates pain in the muscle, tendons and ligaments. Fibromyalgia is a kind of muscular or soft tissue rheumatism that does not lead to joint deformities. Gouty Arthritis Gout is a painful kind of arthritis that leads to sudden and severe attacks of tenderness, pain, redness, warmth and joint swelling. The big toe is a common part affected by the condition. The pain and swelling is highly linked with gout, wherein uric acid crystals that come out of the blood deposit into the joint. Pseudogout or CPPD Deposits of calcium phosphate crystals that accumulate in the joints trigger pseudogout or CPPD or Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease. It is often perceived as gouty arthritis until a definite diagnosis and lab tests are done. Treatment is also different from gouty arthritis. Scleroderma Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that leads to thickening and hardening of the skin. It can also affect other parts like internal organs, blood vessels and joints. There are two kinds of scleroderma, generalized and localized. Lupus or SLE SLE or systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that involves parts like the joints, skin, blood vessels, kidneys, heart, nervous system and other internal organs. Symptoms can vary, but can include anemia, skin rash, fever, hair loss, mouth ulcers, kidney problems and arthritis. Symptoms also appear first among women of childbearing age. 90% of all affected are women. Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis is a long-term inflammatory disorder of the spine that fuses the vertebra to create a rigid spine. Other joints aside from the spine can be included. Spondylitis is caused by inflammation that begins in tissue located outside the joint. The common early symptoms include stiffness and low back pain that go on for several months. The real cause is unknown, but several affected individuals are found to have a genetic marker called HLA-B27. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 7

8 Symptoms Of Arthritis Arthritis appears in so many forms and symptoms can vary with each type. The treatment will also depend on the pattern of symptoms and how the patient reacts to the different measures. It is important that you discover the early signs and symptoms, so you can immediately have yourself diagnosed and treated before the condition gets worse. Knowing the different symptoms will help you find other possible underlying conditions as well. General Symptoms Arthritis generally means inflammation of the joints. The most common and obvious symptoms include progressive stiffness and joint pain without noticeable chills, swelling and fever during normal activities. This can mean that gradual onset symptoms of osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis can be characterized by painful swelling, stiffness in the arms, fingers, wrists and legs and inflammation. These may occur in the same joints on both sides of the body, particularly upon waking up. Infectious arthritis can be indicated by fever, tenderness, joint inflammation and sharp pain. There may also be chills and association with another disease or injury. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be characterized by loss of appetite, intermittent fever, anemia, weight loss and blotchy rash on the legs and arms. Suspecting Arthritis Some of the early signs of arthritis can help you find immediate treatment to prevent chronic problems. Some of the common early signs and symptoms include persistent joint pain, pain and tenderness in joints that is aggravated by activity or movement like walking, playing sports, getting up from bed or a chair, typing, writing, throwing a ball, holding items and turning a key. You may also see inflammation as evidenced by redness, stiffness, swelling and warmth. Other present symptoms include joint deformity, loss of range of movement or flexibility of a joint, extreme fatigue, unexplained weight loss, weakness in the body, lack of energy, body malaise, non-specific fever and crepitus. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 8

9 On Anatomy Osteoarthritis of the hip happens when the hyaline or articular cartilage experiences wear and tear, leading the raw bone underneath to become exposed. The cartilage usually functions as a pad or joint bearing. When arthritis occurs, a rough joint surface appears, which triggers the pain and stiffness that individuals usually link with osteoarthritis. The typical pain that occurs in hip arthritis is found in the thigh, groin or buttock. The pain becomes worse with weight bearing or twisting. Initial Symptoms Pain and stiffness are the main initial symptoms. When the problem advances, leg length differences and joint deformities can also happen. Some of the other very common symptoms include joint deformity, start-up pain that occurs upon waking, standing or beginning a motion. The problem and symptoms can also progress over time. Symptoms can be intermittent in the beginning, and then slowly increase in intensity. As the condition gets worse, the symptoms can become more persistent and severe. When the problem becomes severe, the pain with activities continues to stay even after the activity ceases. Similar Symptoms in Other Conditions There are other conditions that may not be related to some major parts, such as the hip joint, which can also cause symptoms in the same area. Spinal stenosis is known as arthritis of the lower back, which can trigger pain in the buttocks, lower back and hamstrings. The condition is a low-back problem, although individuals refer to the buttocks as part of the hip. Greater trochanteric bursitis triggers pain over the hip point. It can also trigger tenderness and sensitivity to pressure. This is often referred to as a hip problem, even though the presence is very far away from the joint. Non-orthopedic conditions can lead to pain in the groin that identifies itself as hip joint symptoms, such as hernias, ovarian cysts and other intra-pelvic matters. Observing the Signs There are a number of ways to define the signs of arthritis. Check if exercise leads to intensified pain in the joints. Stiffness may be present in one or more joints upon waking up in the morning. The pain may subside after 15 to 30 minutes. Check your range of motion in your hands, arms, neck, hip and legs. Check if there are creaks or limitations. The temperature in the affected area may also be higher than usual. Pattern and Diagnosis Since there are more than 100 types of arthritis present, physicians need to study and observe the symptoms properly. The patterns have to be identified correctly for them to make a definite and correct diagnosis to find the proper treatment and preventive measures. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 9

10 Diagnosing Arthritis Arthritis comes in many forms, which is why physicians sometimes perceive one type with another. It is important to learn the different symptoms, as well as the progression to know the right kind and find the immediate treatment. Diagnosing arthritis can be done in different ways. You have to talk to your doctor and find other means to alleviate the problem, so you can get rid of the problem for life. Here is some more information. How to Diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis First, you need to understand the kind of inflammation and causes of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused by the deterioration of the cartilage surrounding the joint. It is a degenerative joint condition. The breakdown of the cartilage leads to other symptoms like pain, irritation, spurs and swelling. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the membrane around the joints or synovium. There are also progression stages linked with rheumatoid arthritis triggering inflammation in the synovial membrane, leading to misalignment of the joint and pain. Identifying Symptoms Know the different joints affected by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis can affect all joints, although the most affected are the knees, hips, feet and spine. You can identify rheumatoid by the symmetrical swelling pattern of small joints, such as the knuckles, elbows, hands and ankles. Osteoarthritis affects body joints and is usually asymmetrical. The symptoms of the two common arthritis types can help you differentiate them better. Swollen joints, pain, stiffness, bone spurs and loss of flexibility manifest osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis also has stiffness, pain and swelling. There are other symptoms associated such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, weakness, nodules and periodic flare-ups linked with the disease. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 10

11 The Patient Background Getting details about the patient's background will help you diagnose the right type of arthritis. You have to observe the symptoms present, when these first appeared and how these changed over time. You will know whether arthritis is inflammatory or non-inflammatory. Some of the results you will get include knowing the type of joint symptoms like stiffness or pain, effect of activity like relief of stiffness or pain during activity and general pattern of joint symptoms. Other symptoms may also arise such as weight loss, skin problems and fatigue. Find out if the patient has a family history of rheumatic disease or arthritis and if the patient ever experienced similar symptoms or episodes in the past. Seeing a Doctor Arthritis is not considered an emergency situation, so you can easily schedule a routine appointment for evaluation. Certain symptoms and situations usually ask for quick attention. Some of the inclusions are injury or joint trauma, especially if the joint cannot function well or the patient feels discomfort or instability. Joint pain may also be accompanied by fever, systemic signs like headache, fatigue or weight loss and rash. You can also experience severe pain in one or more joints. Neurologic symptoms like numbness in the hands or pain in the neck can also occur. Physical Examination Several other disorders can mask themselves as arthritis, but a full physical exam can be an integral part of diagnosis. The doctor may move the joints through their full range of motion to identify the different symptoms. The physician will also get info based on a visual assessment of the joint function. Some of the things the doctor will view include swelling, limited motion, enlargement of joint and spine flexibility. The Tests Blood cell counts and blood chemistry tests will be done to check for the presence of anemia, infection and systemic disease. Antibody tests check various antibodies to suggest the possible kind of arthritis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum uric acid test may also be done to check the level of uric acid in the blood. Other blood tests can also be done to trigger reactive arthritis. Imaging tests may also be done such as x-ray, MRI or magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy. Arthrocentesis is a procedure where the physician takes out synovial fluid to be examined. Too much synovial fluid can mean bacterial presence in the joint. The results can further guide treatment. The entire process only takes a few minutes. The appearance of the fluid also indicates inflammation. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 11

12 Arthritis Treatments Arthritis can be treated in several ways, but you first should make a definite diagnosis, since different types will require unique methods of treatment. The treatments can be given during different periods of the illness. However, early treatment usually leads to faster and more effective recovery. Talk and consult with your doctor to know the best procedures that will benefit you the most. Here are some more ideas about treatment and recovery. Goals of Treatment The best treatment regimen for arthritis will help you manage the disease effectively. There are plenty of options available that you have to know about. Over time, you will try different treatments to change the plan and find the best ones that will alleviate the symptoms. Doctors and patients will set goals together for full recovery. Some of the inclusions are reduction of arthritis symptoms, slow down the progression of the illness, preserve mobility and range of motion, minimize the damage and deformity to the joint, prevent damage and maintain the function of joints. About Self-Medication People who present the early signs and symptoms of arthritis are usually encouraged to treat themselves using over-the-counter drugs, conservative measures like heat and ice and topical creams. The Arthritis Foundation encourages patients to see a doctor if they experience joint pain, swelling and stiffness that lasts for two or more weeks, regardless of whether the symptoms started in a rush or slowly. Only a doctor can diagnose arthritis. A good diagnosis is important for treatment to start. A rheumatologist is one professional who can help you understand all the treatment options and also aid you in getting rid of unproven remedies. You should discuss all the possible benefits, as well as the risks of every treatment with your physician. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 12

13 The Medications Arthritis medications are considered to be traditional treatment for the condition. You should first consult your doctor before taking any drugs. Drug classes that are used for treatment include corticosteroids, NSAIDs or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, pain medications or analgesics, COX-2 inhibitors, biologic response modifiers, DMARDs or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and many more. Always ask your physician why a certain drug is recommended to you. Understand your goals clearly as well. Joint Injections Several injections can be applied locally into the joint. The procedure called viscosupplementation involves injecting gel-like substances or hyaluronates into a joint to supplement the synovial fluid's viscous properties. The five types include Synvisc, Supartz, Euflexxa, Hyalgan and Orthovisc. Local steroid injections can be used for a specific painful joint too. Three steroid injections annually are the maximum allowed by most physicians. Steroid injections were used even before viscosupplementation became an option for treatment. Both are still used at present, depending on what the patient wants. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 13

14 Treating the Condition Naturally Natural treatments have the advantage of zero side effects, so you can try one after another without any risk. These, however, are not promoted for true safety and efficacy. Some of the inclusions are acupressure, acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, biofeedback, magnets, meditation, tai chi, supplementation like glucosamine, fish oil, MSM and chondroitin and yoga. Complementary Medicine Complementary medicine is used together with a treatment regimen, while alternative medicine is sometimes used singly. Some of the examples of complementary treatment for arthritis are regular exercise, which reduces pain and boosts muscle strength and physical function. Eating a healthy diet is also vital to maintain optimum weight and bone health. Stress management is vital to reduce pain and stiffness. Reducing stress also improves the patient's performance and response to treatment. Surgery Joint surgery is often used as final treatment when other methods are rendered ineffective. The patient may also consider surgery if the joint damage is severe and pain already hinders normal daily activities. Some of the procedures that can be done to minimize pain and boost function include osteotomy, arthroplasty, arthrodesis or fusion, synovectomy, resection, revision joint replacement, joint replacement and partial knee replacement. Pain Relief Reducing pain can also be an immediate way to treat arthritis and help the patient recovery faster and fully. The pain can be decreased through a variety of means, such as by doing physical rehabilitation, getting a massage or apply hot or cold compress to the affected site. Getting rid of the pain will improve the patient's physical and mental condition. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 14

15 Alternative Treatments Traditional methods of treatment and medications may not always be effective in getting rid of the symptoms of arthritis. Alternative treatments are available, which can be much more costeffective and useful in making the patient more comfortable, thereby boosting recovery period. You may find that depending on other methods will be much more worth your while in the long run. Here are some more tips and details about using alternative treatment. About the Effects Some alternative therapies for arthritis include acupuncture and zinc sulphate. There are also other tools and methods used such as glucosamine, copper bracelets, yoga and magnets. Arthritis sufferers rely on alternative therapies to seek pain relief. According to the Arthritis Foundation, about two-thirds of people suffering from the illness have tried alternative therapies. Some of the preferred alternative treatments to arthritis include prayer, meditation, magnets and glucosamine. Physicians also recommend several arthritis alternative treatments such as biofeedback, journal writing, tai chi, acupuncture, relaxation and yoga. Some of the alternative treatments are backed by true scientific and medical facts. Healing the Inner Self A lot of experts believe that individuals should achieve a balanced state or inner equilibrium to garner the most benefits out of alternative treatment. The mind is the first aspect that should be given focus. Living with arthritis can debilitate most individuals, leading to emotional and mental stress. It is important for the mind to stay calm and collected. Some of the ways to help soothe the mind include relaxation exercises, meditation and visual imagery. People have to balance and maintain a healthy body as well to cope with the different challenges posed by arthritis. There are plenty of foods and drinks that will help refresh and nourish the body. You have to maintain a low-fat and nutritious diet that you can stick to for the long term. Exercising is another form of alternative treatment, which effectively releases stress and other toxins in the body. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 15

16 Affirmations Affirmations are described as statements that evoke positive thoughts and feelings. Arthritis will feel more motivated to reach their treatment goals if they believe that it is possible to achieve and discovers positive actions toward the goals. Affirmations are ideally stated in the present tense. Foods to Avoid Some kinds of food are not recommended to arthritis patients, since these can aggravate the illness. You may feel better by giving up animal protein or foods that belong in the nightshade family. Nightshade family foods include white potatoes, tomatoes, peppers and eggplant. Tobacco and belladonna may also be included in the family. After eating a tomato, a reaction can occur after about 48 hours, so you need to watch out for any effects after consumption of different foods. You may also consider eliminating gluten from your diet. Gluten can be found in barley, oats, rye and wheat. More Alternative Treatments You can take glucosamine, which is a sugar compound, together with chondroitin, a cartilage-building compound. In some studies, individuals presented a marked improvement by using these compounds at the same time. According to a number of scientists these compounds may not be easily absorbed by some people. You can expect some effects within 3 months. Vinegar and honey combinations are also used to help relieve osteoarthritis. Physicians believed that low potassium could trigger osteoarthritis, which is why the mix of honey and apple cider vinegar provides potassium in an absorbent form that fixes the chemical imbalance in the body that aggravates or leads to arthritis. More Help for Arthritis You can apply cold or hot compress on the affected area. A heated pack or warm towel on the affected joint can relieve pain by boosting blood flow and relaxing surrounding tissues and muscles. Ice pack or cold compress on the arthritic joint can help minimize the swelling and relieve the pain. Feel free to add supplements to your diet that will lessen the anti-inflammatory response of the body. Nutritional supplements with antioxidants are recommended to help the body reduce inflammation in the joints. Vitamin C and E are very useful for this area as well. Some of the helpful herbal elements include bilberry, green tea, and milk thistle and ginkgo biloba. You can also add more raw vegetables and fruits for more antioxidants. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 16

17 Arthritis And Your Diet Diet is one feature that can also trigger or aggravate the symptoms of arthritis, which is why it is important that you maintain a healthy diet every time. You can pick from a variety of foods that will ultimately lessen your risk of developing arthritis, or help you recover faster if you are already afflicted with the condition. There are special diets made for arthritic patients to provide more pain relief and comfort. Here are some more tips. Initial Tips You have to eliminate nightshades from your diet. Common arthritis diets include taking out foods like tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplants from your diet. There are no studies that completely support this claim, but a lot of individuals have reported better results after the deed. An alkaline diet indicates that too much acid triggers both RA and OA. Some of the foods that have to be eliminated include sugar, red meat, coffee, nuts, grains and citrus fruits. Some experts suggest that the loss of fat and weight ultimately relieves joint pain. More Food Substitutes The dong diet is very restrictive and depends much on vegetables, except for tomatoes. It also takes out several of the foods like the alkaline diet. The vegetarian diet has shown to help arthritis patients, specifically those affected with rheumatoid arthritis. Some individuals switch fats. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce inflammation, while omega-6 fatty acids are known to enhance inflammation. It is vital that people start to limit consumption of meat and poultry, then boost the consumption of sardines, trout, salmon and mackerel. When consuming oils, exchange canola, flaxseed and canola oils for sunflower and safflower oils. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 17

18 Raisins and Tea Gin-soaked raisins are said to help. Grapes and raisins have anti-inflammatory compounds, although not in the amounts that will be considered therapeutic. Gin can dull pain, although there can be some hindrances to health benefits because of excessive drinking. Green tea can help reduce rheumatoid arthritis because of the polyphenolic compounds. 3 to 4 cups a day are recommended. Getting to Know Supplements ASU or avocado-soybean unsaponifiable has been shown to relieve osteoarthritis pain, boost cartilage repair and reduce the need for NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to manage pain. Black currant oil and borage oil can also be helpful. Boron has been shown to reduce the risk of arthritis development. Some of the best sources include drinking water, fruits and vegetables. Bovine cartilage is derived from the trachea and windpipe of cows, and is supposed to function as an anti-inflammatory agent in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. More Supplements Bromelain is found in pineapple and is known to reduce pain and swelling in RA and OA, as well as boost mobility. CMO is called the arthritis cure. Chondroitin sulfate is used to manage osteoarthritis pain and has been shown to stop degeneration of the joints and relieve pain. Evening primrose oil, fish soil, GLA or gamma linolenic acid and flaxseed are also ideal supplements. More Things to Consume Extra virgin olive oil has good monounsaturated fat that protects the body from inflammation. It contains antioxidants called polyphenols. Antioxidants help get rid of free radicals, which tend to damage cells and form after natural body processes and as a reaction to toxins. Antioxidants keep the body from free radical effects. Vitamin C, selenium, bioflavanoids and carotenes are some of the best sources of antioxidants. Best sources of vitamin C include oranges, lemons, red cabbage and cauliflower. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 18

19 Bioflavonoids, specifically anthocyanidins and quercetin are known to effectively minimize inflammation and get rid of free radicals. Some of the best sources include onions, broccoli, black currants, cocoa powder, and apples with the skin, apricots, cherry tomatoes and lingonberries Eat More Spices Spices come from plant sources and can be very beneficial for health. These can help arthritis patients by minimizing inflammation and pain. Ginger and turmeric are two of the most useful. Ginger has chemicals that act the same ways as some anti-inflammatory medications. The effects on arthritis are also very helpful. Ginger acts as a blood thinner. Some of the best ways to eat ginger include ginger muffins and ginger tea. Turmeric or curcumin is a spice and is mainly used in yellow curry. Turmeric can help arthritis controlling inflammatory body chemicals. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 19

20 Is Arthritis Genetic? Some experts say that genetics has nothing to do with arthritis. However, doctors nowadays check the patient's background and family history thoroughly to determine whether the patient has inherited the condition from parents or grandparents. Studies show that there are direct correlations between arthritis and genetics. Some studies have concluded that there is a higher prevalence of the illness among individuals whose parents are also arthritic. Factors Included Common forms of arthritis appear to have no single cause or trigger. Some say the disease is triggered via the sophisticated interactions of several factors. Genetics is one such factor, which is a science that emphasizes the hereditary transmission of various characteristics among families. Present studies have shown that genetics has a vital function in the development of different arthritis types like psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia, gout, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Osteoarthritis Development As for osteoarthritis, a lot of studies have presented that genetics has a major role in progress and development. A study showed that there is a significant contribution from genetics to osteoarthritis development, particularly among women in their hip region. About 60% are posed to be susceptible to the disease because of presence of the condition in the family. Another study showed that genetics also influence osteoarthritis development. The study included 49 families having at least one sibling who has the condition. The offspring of the 49 families are 3.5 times more likely to have osteoarthritis during their lifetime compared to others who do not have the same family history. According to another study, genetic influence spans between 39% and 65%, free of suspected environmental variables, in the progress of knee and hand osteoarthritis. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 20

21 On Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that has a genetic component linked with the disease manifestation. The presence of the genetic marker HLA-B27 is shown to boost the possibility of developing ankylosing spondylitis among individuals. One study shows that people having the HLA-B27 marker are 20 times more likely to develop spondyloarthropathies, like reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, compared to those who do not have the marker. About 90% of kids who have juvenile ankylosing spondylitis have the genetic marker, with 50% of kids having juvenile psoriatic arthritis carrying the marker as well. On Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis also includes a mix of genetic factors, such as familial transmission and genetic markers. The marker HLA-DR4 is discovered to be present in about 61% of individuals having rheumatoid arthritis. Present data on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis present that multiple genes, including a minimum of one gene in the HLA region, influence the susceptibility to the disease. To know the degree of inheritance of rheumatoid arthritis, a twin study was done. Identical twins brought up in different places, by different families and in different cultures, still showed the same signs and symptoms, thereby showing that the source is more familial or genetic in nature than environmental. On Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is not yet fully presented to have genetic involvement during its development. Familial research shows the familial and genetic factors can have a function in the development of the problem. The exact role of the factors stay unknown, but several genes participate in the syndrome expression. Like fibromyalgia, the occurrence of gout has a hereditary element. Present research shows the between 6% and 18% of individuals having gout have history of the same disease in their family. More on Genetics Most doctors believe that a mix of environmental and familial factors contribute to the development of arthritis. Current studies show that a form of knee osteoarthritis is the latest addition to arthritis caused by genetic sources. As a whole, 500 patients who had total knee replacement surgery were include in a study to know if groups of siblings were more likely to have knee arthritis. Findings showed that siblings were more than twice as likely compared to other knee patients to have arthritis. X-rays and handson exams were used to confirm the study. Brothers were also shown to be more prone to inherit arthritis compared to sisters. Researchers were surprised with the results, since women are more prone to having arthritis compared to males. More research on psychology is also being conducted to determine if there are other links and correlations. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 21

22 Arthritis In Children Arthritis affects individuals of all ages. Juvenile arthritis is a common occurrence. Although its true cause remains unknown, there are plenty of sources showing the possible correlations that boost susceptibility. Treatment for children may also differ, since they cannot tolerate as much medications or are less tolerant to pain. Find out the different signs and symptoms and devise the right strategy and approach that will boost wellness. Childhood Arthritis A lot of individuals, including experts sometimes do not emphasize that arthritis among children is common. Education about the present condition is vital, so that parents and patients can find the right coping measures. Children can suffer for several months or years before the diagnosis for arthritis is confirmed and proper treatment begins. Children with arthritis also go through a lot of difficulty, since other kids and teachers may not be fully aware of the implications. When the child is diagnosed with arthritis, some families may only resort to extreme measures, such as putting the child in a wheelchair, which is very wrong. On Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Arthritis is common among kids, with 1 child out of every 1,000 affected each year. Majority of the cases are mild, however. About 1 child in 10,000 experiences severe arthritis that does not easily go away. Several kids experience an acute inflammatory arthritis after a bacterial or viral infection. The arthritis is usually very severe for a period then disappears after a few weeks or months. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most usual type that lasts for years or months at a time. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is now referred to as juvenile arthritis or juvenile arthritis with an unknown cause, called juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 3 Main Forms There are three major forms of JRA or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, categorized according to how these start. The forms are pauciarticular, with less than 4 joints affected, polyarticular with 4 or more joints affected and system-onset characterized by inflamed joints with rash and high fever. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 22

23 On Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Pauciarticular JRA is described by the inclusion of less than 4 joints after 6 months of having the condition. The form usually starts among young women as a swollen ankle or knee that surfaces without injury. It is often painless, but the knee may look noticeably swollen or the kid may walk in an awkward manner. Morning stiffness may not be a common feature with this type. Patients sometimes also develop iridocyclitis or inflammation of the eye. The problem is not painful, but can lead to blindness, permanent visual damage or lens scarring if not detected or treated. Children with ANA are more prone to having visual problems. Pauciarticular JRA can also cause the legs and bones to grow at different rates, thereby resulting to one leg being longer than the other. Children usually limp once this occurs. The knee and hip can be damaged resulting to premature arthritis. On Polyarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Polyarticular JRA is the form wherein 4 or more joints are involved after 6 months of the condition. This type is more severe because of the greater number of joints included and because the condition gets worse over a period of time. Children can have difficulty doing activities of daily living and will need to be treated more aggressively. The inflammatory arthritis should be controlled as soon as possible. Medications that manage inflammation like NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will have to be taken. Steroids should be watched out for. Second line medications are needed for more severe cases. Example drugs are methotrexate and sulfasalazine. About Systemic-Onset Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis One of the most difficult types is systemic-onset JRA, also called Still's disease. It starts with a rash and high fevers. The patient should be confirmed first of truly having the condition. The fever may go away for at least a portion of each day. The fever gets high once or twice everyday. The child can look very weak and does not like being touched. The arthritis will progress over time and get very severe, although at first fevers and the rash can disappear. The internal organs can get involved and the condition can become life threatening during rare periods. Some of the known treatments for systemic-onset JRA include NSAIDs like naproxen and ibuprofen, cortisone drugs like prednisone or prednisolone, methotrexate and anakinra. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 23

24 Arthritis In Seniors The elderly are the most usual persons affected by arthritis. The condition can limit their range of motion, prevent them from doing activities of daily living and aggravate the symptoms of other underlying conditions. It is important to note that arthritis occurs in different types, so you have to assess and diagnose carefully to provide only the right treatment. Some seniors are not as tolerant to drugs as others so precaution is needed. Affecting Seniors There are several kinds of arthritis, each present different signs and symptoms and requiring specific treatments. A lot of types are chronic, which means that these can last for several years. Arthritis can affect joints in almost any part of the body. Some forms of the condition trigger changes that are very noticeable, such as warmth, swelling and joint redness. The pain and swelling may last for a short period, but at very intense levels. Other types can trigger less troublesome symptoms that will gradually damage the joints. The Common Types Arthritis is among the most common illnesses in the United States. Millions of adults and about half of all individuals age 65 and above are afflicted by the condition. The three most common types that seniors have include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. About Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis type that older individuals have. Osteoarthritis begins when the cartilage starts to become ragged and wears away because of frequent use. Cartilage is described as the tissue that pads bones within a joint. The worse cases of osteoarthritis involve all of the cartilage in the joint becoming worn away, leaving bones that tend to rub against each other. Some of the most commonly affected areas include the hands; lower back, knees, hips and neck. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 24

25 The symptoms of OA or osteoarthritis can include joint stiffness and mild pain associated with activities like stooping, walking and bending. In some cases, OA triggers stiffening of the joints if these haven't been moved for a time. The stiffness usually goes away after the joint moves. OA causes include growing old, obesity and familial tendencies. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is known as an autoimmune disease, which means that the body attacks the lining of its own joint, the same way it does when trying to protect the person from illness or injury. RA or rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by stiffness, pain and swelling that lasts for several hours. Seniors who have RA may experience fever and joint immobility. Older women are the most usual victims of this type. RA attacks joints, as well as internal organs, muscles, eyes and blood vessels. About Gout Gout is considered to be one of the most painful types. It is significant to note, since seniors also have less tolerance to pain because of their old age. The attack starts when uric acid crystals form in the connective tissues and joint spaces. The deposits can lead to swelling, heat, joint stiffness, redness and pain. Gout attacks usually occur after ingesting food like liver, dried beans, gravy, shellfish anchovies and peas. Other factors that can lead to the problem include being overweight, consuming alcohol and taking certain drugs. Gout most usually manifests in the big toe, although other joints can also be involved like the wrist, hands, ankles, elbow and other toes. The skin may pull tightly around the joint because of swelling, causing the area to become tender and appear purple. Blood test sand x-rays may be needed, as well as synovial fluid extraction to confirm the diagnosis. Watching for Signs Seniors should carefully watch out for signs of arthritis such as lasting joint pain, joint stiffness, joint swelling, pain and tenderness when a joint is touched, joint redness and warmth and problems using the joint normally. Other forms that can be present among the elderly include psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, temporomandibular joint arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 25

26 On Treatment Seniors with arthritis can feel relief when cold or hot application is done. Heat can be applied using a warm pack, warm bath or blanket. A warm lamp, whirlpool or hydrocollator pack can also aid in relaxing the muscles. Seniors who have morning stiffness can use a heating pad upon waking up. Heat or cold should only be applied 15 minutes at a time. Those who have problems in mobility may need physical therapy. Sessions can be 2 to 3 times per week, until the joints get stronger. In other cases, surgery may be needed if the patient cannot tolerate the pain or if the synovial fluid in the joints is completely gone. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 26

27 Managing Psoriatic Arthritis There are over 100 different types of arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis can be categorized as one of the less common ones. Finding out more about the causes, features and characteristics will help patients and doctors develop the most suitable treatment. It is equally important to determine how the patient responds to treatment, since some have higher tolerance for pain and medications compared to others. Here is some more helpful information. Describing Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriatic arthritis is described as a chronic disease with features like inflammation of the skin or psoriasis and inflammation of the joints. Psoriasis is a common skin problem that affects about 2% of the total Caucasian population in the United States. Some of the features include patchy, red areas with scaling. The condition usually affects elbow and knee tips, the navel, the scalp, the anus and genital areas. About 10% of those who have psoriasis also develop arthritis over time. The result is called psoriatic arthritis. Onset and the Condition The onset of psoriatic arthritis usually happens during the 4th and 5th decades of life. Both men and women are affected equally. Psoriasis and arthritis usually occur separately. The skin disease may be present before arthritis in about 80% of cases. The arthritis precedes the skin problem in around 15% of patients. Some patients have arthritis for more than 2 decades before psoriasis occurs. The condition is a systemic rheumatic disease that can lead to inflammation of body tissues located away from the joints aside from the skin, such as in the kidneys, eyes, lungs and heart. Psoriatic arthritis has several features with many other arthritic conditions, like ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis and arthritis linked to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Causes The main cause of psoriatic arthritis is unknown at present, but there is a mix of genetic and immune factors involved. Patients with the condition usually were found to have the genetic marker HLA-B27. Blood testing is currently available to test for the gene. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 27

28 Other genes have also been found among patients having psoriatic arthritis. Changes in the immune system may be need in the development of the condition. The decrease in the number of immune cells, referred to as helper T cells may play a role in the progress and development of psoriasis in patients. About the Symptoms Psoriasis usually occurs for months or years before arthritis arises. The arthritis usually involves the ankles, knees and joints in the feet. Only a few joints are inflamed at a time. These can become hot, red, painful and swollen. Joint inflammation in the toes and fingers can also lead to swelling of the whole digit, providing the appearance of a sausage. Psoriatic arthritis can include several body joints in symmetrical fashion, copying the pattern of rheumatoid arthritis. About 50% of those with spondylitis have the genetic marker HLA-B27 as well. Others with the condition can have tendonitis or inflammation of the tendons. Other organs can become inflamed as well, such as the aorta, lungs and eyes. Iritis can occur, described as inflammation of the colored part of the eye. Acne and nail changes are other signs that can be seen among psoriatic arthritis patients. SAPHO syndrome may be present in other cases. Treating the Condition Always consult your physician and go over the different treatment options. Inquire about using different over-the-counter medications. Pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen can help minimize arthritic pain. Doctors do not recommend long-term use. Cortisone shots will also be needed for the joints. Lose weight to minimize stress on the joints. More Therapies Heat and cold therapy also proves to be very useful. The procedure involves alternating moist heat and cold to the affected areas to give temporary pain relief. The moist heat can be given using a warm towel, hot pack or warm shower. Cold can be provided using a bag of ice or frozen vegetables wrapped in a towel. You should make it a point not to overwork yourself and conserve energy. Always maintain good posture by sitting and standing up straight. Start planning activities beforehand so you can conserve your energy more. Some individuals may expect to live with the condition for several years. Make sure you understand the requirements of the condition and other needed items for full recovery and effective coping. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 28

29 Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common types, most usually afflicting older individuals. It is important that you understand the true nature of the condition, and get to know the different demands and features so that you can provide optimum treatment. Rheumatoid arthritis can be present for several months or years, so the patient should be given the right measures to stay comfortable and functional for the long term. About RA Rheumatoid arthritis or RA is an autoimmune disorder that leads to chronic or long-term inflammation of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints, including other organs in the body. Autoimmune problems occur when the tissues in the body are attacked by the very immune systems that try to protect it by mistake. The immune system is a sophisticated group of antibodies and cells that usually seek and destroy invaders inside the body. Since the problem can affect other organs in the body, rheumatoid arthritis is also called a systemic illness, so the condition may also be referred to sometimes as rheumatoid disease. Patients can go on for long periods without symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally a progressive problem with the potential of triggering joint destruction and functional disability. Knowing the Causes Knowing the triggers and causes will help you reduce the risk if you start practicing precautionary measures. The true cause of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown. Fungi, viruses and bacteria have been held culprits for a long time, although none are still proven as the true cause. The real cause of rheumatoid arthritis covers a very wide area of worldwide research. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 29

30 Some experts reveal that genetic factors can predispose an individual to developing the problem. Some environmental factors and infections may also lead the immune system to attack the body. Other tissues and organs will then be inflamed as well. Smoking tobacco has also been reported to increase the risk of developing RA. Finding the Cure Currently, there is no known cure for rheumatoid arthritis. The goal of treatment for the condition is to minimize pain and inflammation, boost joint function and prevent deformity and destruction of the joint. Medical interventions in the past have been vital in improving the results. Aggressive care management and boost function and prevent joint damage and work disability. The patient may undergo a series of treatment approaches, like joint protection, jointstrengthening activities, medications and patient education. Treatment is done based on several factors like the kinds of joints involved, disease activity, patient occupation and overall health. Patients and doctors are advised to cooperate closely for successful treatment. Medications Used There are two classes of medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, namely fast-acting or first-line drugs and slow acting or second-line drugs. The first-line drugs include cortisone and aspirin, which minimize inflammation and pain. Slow-acting second-line drugs like methotrexate, gold and hydroxychloroquine boost disease remission and avoid progressive joint destruction. These are not anti-inflammatory agents, however. The extent of destructiveness of the condition will change between patients. Those with less destructive forms or experiencing remission can be managed via anti-inflammatory medications, pain drugs and rest. Patients generally improve function and lower disability when treated first with second-line drugs or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs after diagnosis. Others will need more aggressive second-line medications like methotrexate, aside from antiinflammatory agents. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 30

31 New Treatments New second-line drugs have also been introduced such as leflunomide, etanercept, anakinra, rituximab, abatacept and infliximab. Leflunomide is present to help minimize symptoms and prevent the progression of the disease. It acts by blocking the activity of a vital enzyme that helps in immune activation. Arava can trigger hair loss, diarrhea, rash and liver disease. Etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab are biologic drugs that block the messenger protein in the joints that boost inflammation in the joints. These intercept TNF before it begins to start the inflammation via the natural receptor. More Treatments Patients do not have to take a special diet for rheumatoid arthritis, although nightshade foods were said to have beneficial effects. Exercise is important, especially for overweight individuals to minimize the pain and pressure. Patients are advised to take regular periods of rest. Extreme cases may need surgery wherein more lubricant will be placed inside the joints to ease movement and prevent pain. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 31

32 What Is Muscular Rheumatism? Arthritis appears in different types. There are more than 100 kinds, which is why doctors sometimes misinterpret the signs and symptoms of one type with another. Muscular rheumatism is another type of arthritis that also poses unique signs and symptoms. It is important that you understand and familiarize yourself with the characteristics and features to know the right treatment methods. Here are some more useful details. About Muscular Rheumatism The other more popular name for muscular rheumatism is fibromyalgia. Muscular rheumatism is a chronic or long-term condition characterized by pain all over the muscles, tendons and ligaments. The patient may feel several tender points, fatigue and exhaustion. Slight pressure may be very painful for some patients. Fibromyalgia happens in about 2% of all people in the United States. Women are more likely to develop the disorder compared to men, with the risk of the problem increasing with age. Fibromyalgia symptoms usually start of physical or emotional trauma, although there seems to be no triggering event in most cases. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of muscular rheumatism can differ between patients, based on the physical activity, stress and weather conditions. Widespread pain and tender joints are the most common symptoms. The pain connected with fibromyalgia is described as non-stop dull aching, usually from the muscles. For pain to be categorized as widespread, it should occur on both sides of the body and over and below the waist. Characteristics Fibromyalgia is characterized by more pain when firm pressure is applied to specific areas of the body, called tender points. The locations for tender points include the back of the head, between the shoulder blades, top of the shoulders, upper chest, front sides of the neck, outer elbows, the upper hips, sides of the hips and inner knees. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 32

33 Fatigue and sleep disturbances can also be present. Individuals with muscular rheumatism usually wake up still tired, even though they had 8 or more hours of sleep. Patients may reach the deep restorative phase of sleep. Sleep disorders have also been connected to the condition such as sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome. Other Conditions Doctors upon assessment such as depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, endometriosis, lupus erythematosus, IBS or irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, osteoarthritis, restless legs syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder and rheumatoid arthritis may also notice other conditions. People at Risk Two of the risks factors for muscular rheumatism include the person's sex, since the condition occurs more often among women compared to men and age, since the condition tends to develop during a person's early and middle adulthood. The condition can also be present among children. Possible Complications Muscular rheumatism is not progressive and does not usually lead to other diseases or conditions. The condition can lead to depression, pain and lack of sleep. These can interfere with the person's normal ability to function during work or at home. It can also hinder close family ties and relationships. It is vital to provide patient education always to prevent misunderstanding and giving the wrong treatment. Testing for Muscular Rheumatism The American College of Rheumatology has created a couple of criteria to diagnosis fibromyalgia. The first is widespread pain that lasts for 3 months and the second is having at least 11 positive tender points out of the possible total of 18. The physician will check tender points during physical exam. The amount of pressure will be enough for the fingernail bed of the physician to whiten. These 18 total points are the hallmark for muscular rheumatism. Blood tests may also be done such as thyroid function tests, complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Treatment Medication and self-care are the two best treatment methods for muscular rheumatism. As for medications, the patient can take analgesics like acetaminophen to reduce pain and stiffness. Antidepressants like amitriptyline and duloxetine are also recommended. Some patients such as gabapentin and pregabalin may take anti-seizure drugs. These are drugs approved by the FDA or Food and Drug Administration. Physical therapy can help maintain muscle balance and minimize pain. Stretching activities and hot and cold application can also help. Counseling can help boost the individual's confidence and reduce stress. These should be done regularly for maximum benefits. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 33

34 Septic Arthritis In Children Although arthritis is usually referred to as a disorder more common among adults, it is important that experts also consider the fact that children are also widely affected by the condition. Septic arthritis has shown to be a threat, especially among young children, which is why parents and physicians have to check for signs, and symptoms to render immediate and effective care. Septic arthritis in children should be treated aggressively for best results. About Septic Arthritis Septic arthritis is also known as infectious arthritis. It is a condition wherein one or more joints are infected by microorganisms. On the average, the joint is lubricated with a small amount of fluid called the joint fluid or synovial fluid. The normal joint fluid should be sterile. If removed and cultured in the laboratory, no microbes will be found. Septic arthritis, however, will show that the fluid contains microbes. Septic arthritis usually affects one joint, although there are cases wherein more joints are affected. The affected joints will differ based on the microbe that causes the infection, plus the predisposing risk factors of the patient. About the Microbes Viruses, fungi and bacteria can cause septic arthritis. The most common triggers are bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureas and Heomophilus influenza. In other children referred to as high-risk patients, bacteria can also cause septic arthritis, like E. Coli and Pseudomonas spp. among seniors and intravenous drug abusers. Sexually active young adults will be easily affected by Neisseria gonorrheae. Young children or those with sickle cell disease usually are affected by Salmonella spp. Other bacteria can lead to the condition like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the same bacteria that leads to Lyme disease. Viruses can also cause septic arthritis like hepatitis A, B and C, herpes viruses, parvovirus, HIV or AIDS virus, HTLV-1, coxsackie viruses, ebola, mumps and adenovirus. Fungi that lead to septic arthritis include histoplasma, coccidiomyces and blastomyces. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 34

35 About the Risk Joint infection generally affects individuals with no known predisposing risk factors. Children and the elderly, however, are especially vulnerable because their immune systems are not functioning at optimum level. In kids, the immune system is bacteria, viruses or other infectious agents, thus, can affect still developing. Some of the other risks include taking drugs that suppress the immune system, past joint disease, intravenous drug abuse, immune deficiency disorders, underlying medical illnesses like sickle cell disease and diabetes and rheumatic diseases. Children should regularly seek medical attention. The Signs and Symptoms Some of the symptoms of septic arthritis in children include chills, joint pain, fever, redness, swelling, stiffness and warmth. Joints that are heavily involved include the hips, knees, elbows and knees. Individuals having risk factors for the infection may have other joints infected like the point where the clavicle meets the sternum. Uncommon microbes can infect atypical joints like the sacroiliac joints. Diagnosing the Problem The joint fluid can be cultured to know the specific microbe that affects the joint. Physicians can then find the right antibiotics to treat and eliminate the microbe effectively. X-ray studies can also be done to check for injury of any bone adjacent to the joint. MRI scanning is sensitive in evaluating joint damage. Blood tests can constantly monitor inflammation. Treatment Septic arthritis in children is generally treated via antibiotics and drainage of the infected synovial fluid from the joint. Antibiotics should be given immediately. Intravenous antibiotics will be given in the hospital setup. The choice of medications will be determined b by the results of the joint fluid culture. Combinations of antibiotics may be given as well for 4 to 6 weeks. Drainage is useful to immediately clear the infection. Drainage can be done using regular aspirations via a syringe and needle. Arthroscopy is a procedure wherein the joint is irrigated and the infected joint lining tissue, removed. Rapid medical attention, the right drugs and drainage are key components for quick recovery and comfort. Open joint surgery may also be done for unique cases. Septic arthritis is diagnosed by looking for the infected joint fluid. This can be removed in a sterile manner in a laboratory or clinic using a needle and syringe. The fluid will be checked to know if there are elevated white blood cells, indicating inflammation. MasterActivatorRevolution.com 35