Packet #6 Cells: Internal Environment, part 2 (organ systems) Summer This Activity Packet belongs to:

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1 Packet #6 Cells: Internal Environment, part 2 (organ systems) Summer 2014 This Activity Packet belongs to: You should expect a variety of quizzes: announced, unannounced, open-notes and closed-notes. Packet page Activity Points Earned Avail. 2-4 Notes: Gas Exchange in Humans Respiratory System Practice Questions 10 6 Diseases of the Respiratory System Notes: Circulatory System in Humans Circulatory System Practice Questions Review Guide 10 Total 30 If this packet is LOST, please: drop it off at the BHS Science Dept. (rm 365) OR drop it off in Ms. Brunson s classroom (rm 351) OR call the Science Dept. at (617)

2 Respiratory System Introduction Thinking Questions In small groups, answer the following questions. You may not know the answer to these questions, but do your best. By the end of class you should know the answers to these questions. 1. What are the chemical components of the air? Which one makes up the largest percentage of air? 2. True or false: There are air tubes throughout the body that distribute the components of air to all cells. 3. Oxygen is the chemical component that humans get from air and that their cells need to survive. What do human cells use oxygen for? 4. How does that oxygen get to all of the cells in the body? (through what passageways) 5. True or false: Air and blood mix together in the lungs. Explain briefly what you think happens. 6. How does the air get out of your lungs and into the capillaries (blood vessels) that line them? 7. Thinking about the structure of capillaries and your answer to #6, in order to get the most oxygen out of the air, what do you think would be a better structure for the lungs 2 large sacs that looks like 2 big balloons or a lot of smaller sacs (see diagram)? Explain why you think that would work best. 8. A pulse oximeter is a piece of equipment that measures how much oxygen is in the blood that reaches your fingertips (% oxygen compared to normal 98-99% is the best). If your O 2 saturation drops into the lower 90s, that is concerning. One possible situation where someone s O 2 saturation could decrease is if they suffer from emphysema. Can you think of another possible situation where the O 2 saturation may decrease to dangerously low levels? 2

3 Notes: Gas Exchange in Humans Purpose of gas exchange Parts of the Respiratory System: (refer to diagram) With mucus and cilia: Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Purpose of mucus and cilia Parts with mucus and no cilia Bronchioles Alveoli What s special about alveoli? 3

4 Human Respiratory System: 4

5 Respiratory System Practice Questions 1. How is the esophagus different from the trachea? Describe how the STRUCTURES differ, not just how the functions differ. 2. What is the function of the epiglottis? 3. Which structures of the respiratory system have cells with cilia? 4. What is the function of these cilia? 5. In addition to cilia, what substance protects the respiratory system from dust particles during inhalation? 6. When we inhale, many different types of gas enter into our bodies. Which gas is most important for our cells to survive? 7. When we exhale, which gas are we trying to get OUT of the body? 8. What is the function of hemoglobin? Where is it found? 9. Using arrows, trace the flow of air from the mouth and nose to the alveoli. 10. Increased surface area allows for maximal diffusion of molecules we know this from our discussion of cell transport. What structures in the respiratory system have a large surface area over which gas molecules can diffuse? 5

6 Diseases of the Respiratory System Cystic Fibrosis Asthma Pneumonia Smoking Related Disorders: General effects of smoking: Cilia Mucus Oxygen flow Emphysema Lung Cancer 6

7 Notes: Circulatory System in Humans Functions of the Circulatory System: Blood contents Blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Heart Chambers (see diagrams) Atrium Ventricle Heart Sides Right side Left side Septum - Pathway of blood flow through body: 7

8 8

9 Circulatory System Practice Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions. 1. What is the function of the heart? 2. What does blood carry throughout the body? 3. In what direction do all arteries carry blood? 4. In what direction do all veins carry blood? 5. What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system? Reviewing Key Skills Completion On the lines provided, complete the paragraph using the terms lungs, pulmonary veins, aorta, pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle. A large vein called the 6. brings the blood from the upper part of the body to the heart, where it enters the 7.. The blood is pumped out of the right atrium into the and travels through the to the , where it picks up oxygen. From the lungs, blood travels through the and returns to the heart, where it enters the Finally, the blood is forced from the into the, which carries it to the tissues of the body. 15. Comparing and Contrasting A stroke may also be referred to as a brain attack. In what ways is a stroke similar to a heart attack? 9

10 Review Guide Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences. 1. The heart pumps blood into two pathways, called circulation and circulation. 2. The three basic types of blood vessels are,, and. 3. The windpipe is also called the. 4. The vocal chords are a part of the. 5. Each lung is connected to the trachea by a(an). 6. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs in tiny sacs called. 7. The loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs is called. Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the heart that correspond to the numbers in the diagam. to body from upper body Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14. Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best answers the question or completes the sentence. 18. What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food? a. pharynx c. larynx b. trachea d. bronchi 19. What prevents blood from flowing backward in blood vessels? a. Valves c. veins b. capillaries d. pumps 20. Inside the chest, each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller passageways known as a. bronchi. c. emphysema. b. bronchioles. d. atherosclerosis. 10

11 Oxygen Flow Below is the pathway of oxygen from the air, through your respiratory system, through the circulatory system so that it can get to the cells of the body. Choose the correct word choice for each blank. 11

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