COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES AS REGARDS THEIR SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) Report classification/justification of

Transcription

1 COMMTTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSFCATON OF MEDCNES AS REGARDS THER SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) Report classification/justification of - Medicines belonging to the ATC group D07 (Corticosteroids, Dermatological Preparations) - Triamcinolone (ATC codes: A01AC01; C05AA12; D07BB03; D07CB01; D07XB02; H02AB08; R01AD11; R03BA06; S01BA05; S02CA04)

2 Table of Contents NTRODUCTON 6 Page DSCLAMER 8 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED N THS DOCUMENT 9 ACTVE NGREDENTS: Triamcinolone (ATC: A01AC01) 11 Triamcinolone (ATC: C05AA12) 13 Methylprednisolone (ATC: D07AA01) 14 Hydrocortisone (ATC: D07AA02) 15 Prednisolone (ATC: D07AA03) 17 Clobetasone (ATC: D07AB01) 18 Hydrocortisone butyrate (ATC: D07AB02) 20 Flumetasone (ATC: D07AB03) 22 Fluocortin (ATC: D07AB04) 23 Fluperolone (ATC: D07AB05) 24 Fluorometholone (ATC: D07AB06) 25 Fluprednidene (ATC: D07AB07) 26 Desonide (ATC: D07AB08) 27 Triamcinolone (ATC: D07AB09) 29 Alclometasone (ATC: D07AB10) 31 Hydrocortisone buteprate (ATC: D07AB11) 34 Dexamethasone (ATC: D07AB19) 35 Clocortolone (ATC: D07AB21) 37 Combinations of corticosteroids (ATC: D07AB30) 38 Betamethasone (ATC: D07AC01) 39 2

3 Fluclorolone (ATC: D07AC02) 41 Desoximetasone (ATC: D07AC03) 42 Fluocinolone acetonide (ATC: D07AC04) 43 Fluocortolone (ATC: D07AC05) 45 Diflucortolone (ATC: D07AC06) 47 Fludroxycortide (ATC: D07AC07) 50 Fluocinonide (ATC: D07AC08) 51 Budesonide (ATC: D07AC09) 52 Diflorasone (ATC: D07AC10) 53 Amcinonide (ATC: D07AC11) 54 Halometasone (ATC: D07AC12) 55 Mometasone (ATC: D07AC13) 56 Methylprednisolone aceponate (ATC: D07AC14) 59 Beclometasone (ATC: D07AC15) 61 Hydrocortisone aceponate (ATC: D07AC16) 63 Fluticasone (ATC: D07AC17) 64 Prednicarbate (ATC: D07AC18) 67 Difluprednate (ATC: D07AC19) 69 Ulobetasol (ATC: D07AC21) 71 Clobetasol (ATC: D07AD01) 72 Halcinonide (ATC: D07AD02) 75 Prednisolone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BA01) 76 Hydrocortisone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BA04) 78 Flumetasone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BB01) 80 Desonide and antiseptics (ATC: D07BB02) 82 Triamcinolone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BB03) 83 Hydrocortisone butyrate and antiseptics (ATC: D07BB04) 85 Betamethasone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BC01) 86 3

4 Fluocinolone acetonide and antiseptics (ATC: D07BC02) 88 Fluocortolone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BC03) 89 Diflucortolone and antiseptics (ATC: D07BC04) 90 Corticosteroids, very potent, combinations with antiseptics (ATC: D07BD) 92 Hydrocortisone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CA01) 93 Methylprednisolone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CA02) 96 Prednisolone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CA03) 97 Triamcinolone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CB01) 99 Fluprednidene and antibiotics (ATC: D07CB02) 102 Fluorometholone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CB03) 103 Dexamethasone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CB04) 104 Flumetasone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CB05) 106 Betamethasone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC01) 108 Fluocinolone acetonide and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC02) 111 Fludroxycortide and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC03) 114 Beclometasone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC04) 115 Fluocinonide and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC05) 116 Fluocortolone and antibiotics (ATC: D07CC06) 117 Clobetasol and antibiotics (ATC: D07CD01) 118 Hydrocortisone (ATC: D07XA01) 119 Prednisolone (ATC: D07XA02) 121 Flumetasone (ATC: D07XB01) 123 Triamcinolone (ATC: D07XB02) 125 Fluprednidene (ATC: D07XB03) 127 Fluorometholone (ATC: D07XB04) 128 Dexamethasone (ATC: D07XB05) 129 Combinations of corticosteroids (ATC: D07XB30) 130 Betamethasone (ATC: D07XC01) 131 4

5 Desoximetasone (ATC: D07XC02) 134 Mometasone (ATC: D07XC03) 135 Diflucortolone (ATC: D07XC04) 137 Corticosteroids, very potent, other combinations (ATC: D07XD) 139 Triamcinolone (ATC: H02AB08) 140 Triamcinolone (ATC: R01AD11) 144 Triamcinolone (ATC: R03BA06) 147 Triamcinolone (ATC: S01BA05) 148 Triamcinolone and anti-infectives (ATC: S02CA04) 149 AUTHOR 150 5

6 NTRODUCTON The legal classification of medicines as regards their supply with or without a medical prescription has implications for patient safety, patient accessibility to medicines and the responsible management of healthcare expenditure. For many years, the Council of Europe (which is distinct from the European Union) 1 has been concerned with the supply conditions of medicines for human use and the harmonisation of national legal provisions from the perspective of patient safety and public health protection. An initial Recommendation AP(61)2 was drawn up in 1961 to control a growing tendency of misuse and overuse of sedative and narcotic medicines by empowering the competent authorities to classify new medicines into prescription and non-prescription medicines, taking into consideration the risks associated with the active substance and the conditions of use of the medicines. On 12 April 2007, the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers adopted Resolution ResAP (2007)1 on the classification of medicines as regards their supply 2. The resolution is aimed at promoting patient safety and improving patient accessibility to medicines, and is focused on public health. The resolution: 1. Recommends to the governments of the member states of the Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field that they supply information on the national legal classification of medicines as regards their supply on a regular basis; 2. Recommends to the same governments that they apply the general provisions and the classification of active substances depending on the supply conditions of the medicines which contain them, as set out in the appendices. The text of this Council of Europe resolution comprises a recommendation of the Committee of Ministers (Foreign Affairs Ministers, representing the governments of states participating in an activity) to member states to implement the stipulations of the resolution into national legislation or to adapt national legislation. Although recommendations are not legally binding, they are legal instruments; they may create soft law and contain a statement of policy. The Committee of Ministers may also invite the member states to report on their efforts to implement a recommendation. As regards national licenses, industry is impacted if national authorities implement the revisions, as applicable. t has to be borne in mind that the decisions of the Committee of Experts CD-P-PH/PHO as regards the supply of medications with or without a medical prescription, take into account national assessments and scientific rationale. Revisions are completed and made available following each second annual meeting of the Committee of Experts on the classification of medicines as regards their supply (CD-P-PH/PHO) (Appendices 2011, ResAP (2007)1). The annually revised appendices of the Council of Europe Resolution ResAP (2007)1 on the classification of medicines as regards their supply provide a key source of reference for the European pharmaceutical industry

7 The classification criteria set out in the Council of Europe resolutions have been included in European Union legislation, such as Directive 92/26/EC and Directive 2001/83/EC (art ). n the preamble of Directive 2001/83/EC (see point 32), reference is made to the Council of Europe: t is therefore appropriate, as an initial step, to harmonise the basic principles applicable to the classification for the supply of medicinal products in the Community or in the Member State concerned, while taking as a starting point the principles already established on this subject by the Council of Europe 3. To date, the classification of medicines remains a competency of states in Europe. This also holds true for the member states of the European Union. The Committee of Experts on the classification of medicines as regards their supply (CD-P- PH/PHO), which is co-ordinated by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM, Council of Europe), does not issue recommendations on the classification of particular medicines, but on active substances used in a medicine for a specific therapeutic purpose. The Committee of Experts CD-P-PH/PHO reviews the classification of medicines (NN/ATC 4 ) authorised in Europe via national and European marketing authorisation procedures (the latter is applicable to the 47 Council of Europe member states, including the European Union member states) in order to establish recommendations for the classification of medicines (NN/ATC) and their supply conditions (see also Glossary of Terms, page 9), involving: - Medicines that have not yet been included in Council of Europe recommendations; - Medicines that qualify to be released from prescription status, i.e. a switch to over the counter (OTC) status or vice-versa; - Revisions of current classifications. The Committee of Experts CD-P-PH/PHO meets twice annually to finalise the annual review of the recommendations and appendices of ResAP (2007)1. The review is completed at the second of these meetings and is published on the website of the EDQM. These recommendations are an integral part of the Council of Europe s Committee of Ministers Resolution ResAP (2007)1 on the classification of medicines as regards their supply. The Committee of Experts does not give advice relating to pending marketing authorisation procedures. t uses scientific approaches and methods (taking into account the pharmacological properties of the medicines), and considers issues relating to direct and indirect risks (pharmacovigilance), as well as misuse/abuse and matters of public health concern. n its work, the CD-P-PH/PHO uses the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification maintained by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology 5. The Commission of the European Union is entitled to participate in the meetings of the CD-P- PH/PHO NN: nternational non-proprietary name; ATC: Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification 5 7

8 DSCLAMER This document is published for information only. The reports included in this document have no legal status and no binding character. They reflect the conclusions of the reports arising from reviews of scientific classifications of medicines and the rationale and debates on which the recommendations on the classification of medicines as regards their supply, taken by the CD-P-PH/PHO at its 56 th meeting on March 2014 and its 57 th meeting on November 2014, were based. The document was reviewed and endorsed by the CD-P-PH/PHO at its 60 th meeting on April The reviews carried out do not commit the parent authorities of the experts nor the Council of Europe/EDQM. 8

9 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED N THS DOCUMENT ACTH ATC emc HPA NN MS MDD MQP OTC PDR POM Adrenocorticotropic hormone Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical 6 classification Electronic Medicines Compendium Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal nternational non-proprietary name Maximal strength Maximal daily dose Maximal quantity per pack Over-the-counter (medicine supplied without prescription) Physicians Desk Reference ( Prescription only medicine Classification used throughout this document Following the stipulations of Resolution ResAP (2007)1, the medicine contains one or more active substances classified as List or List to which the following criteria apply: List The supply of a medicine containing one of the substances on this list may only be repeated if the prescriber specifies so on the prescription; List The supply of a medicine containing one of the substances on this list may be repeated without the prescriber having specified so, provided that he/she did not explicitly forbid such repetition and that the amount supplied at renewals (and their frequency) be consistent with medical and pharmaceutical data (such as the prescribed daily dose, the duration of treatment, the degree of medical supervision required by the condition, etc.); Exemptions from Lists and - For certain substances, exemptions from the prescription only requirement may appear in Lists and : - n respect of a low dosage or concentration of the active substances and/or therapeutic indications of the medicines in which they are contained; - According to the route of administration and the composition of the medicine; - According to the total content of the medicine per container. - Active substances classified according to the conditions of supply of the medicines which contain them as supplied without prescription, i.e. over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Medicines not subject to prescription (OTC medicines) Active substances of medicines that are classified as not subject to prescription according to the criteria given in item 4 of the General Provisions of ResAP (2007)1 are classified in the list Medicines not subject to prescription (OTC medicines). For the purpose of this resolution, OTC medicines are understood to be those also having a valid marketing authorisation issued by a competent authority. 6 WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology - 9

10 t is possible that a given active substance can be contained in both an OTC medicine and a medicine subject to prescription of the same ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification) because of the particular conditions of use of the medicines in question. General criteria for classification in the lists: a. List 1. Active substances of medicines indicated for conditions calling for short-term treatment and/or for which continuous medical supervision is necessary, either because of potential undesirable effects or to check the efficacy of treatment; 2. Active substances of medicines administered for diagnostic purposes; 3. Active substances with a new pharmacological mechanism of action. b. List Active substances of medicines indicated for conditions for which the patient may continue regular or intermittent treatment without new medical advice, and for which wellknown undesirable effects do not call for frequent clinical examinations. c. List of OTC medicines (see above). 10

11 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Triamcinolone 1.2 ATC Code: A01AC01 - Stomatological preparations, corticosteroids for local oral treatment 1.3 Therapeutic indications: treatment of symptoms associated with oral inflammatory lesions and ulcerative lesions resulting from trauma. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: dental paste - apply a thin film to the affected area, preferably at bedtime. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: paste 1.6 Contraindications: hypersensitivity to triamcinolone; presence of fungal, viral or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat. 1.7 Relevant warnings: if irritation develops, the treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. f concomitant mucosal infections are present or develop, an appropriate anti-fungal or anti-bacterial agent should be used. f significant regeneration or repair of oral tissues has not occurred in seven days, additional investigation into the aetiology of the oral lesion is advised. Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing s syndrome, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and other adverse effects known to occur with parenterally-administered steroid preparations. Therefore, it may be advisable to periodically evaluate patients on prolonged corticosteroid-containing dental paste therapy for evidence of HPA axis suppression. f HPA axis suppression is noted, use of the drug should be discontinued or the frequency of application should be reduced. Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of therapy. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): the following local adverse reactions may occur: burning, itching, irritation, dryness, blistering or peeling, peri-oral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the oral mucosa, secondary infection and atrophy of the oral mucosa ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* Warning: + exemption Annex Oropharyngeal not for children 0.1% As for all Austria (AT) (1) corticostero ids Belgium (BE) Czech Republic (CZ) Spain (ES) Finland (F) OTC, see Annex France (FR) Croatia (HR) taly (T) Former Yugoslav Republic of 11

12 Macedonia (MK) Poland (PL) Portugal (PT) United Kingdom (UK) OTC, see Annex + exemption Annex Treatment of common mouth ulcers. Maximum treatment period: 5 days. Check age and duration of treatment for children. 0.1% 5 g 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List + Exemption Annex Exemptions: Administration route: oropharyngeal; Adults only; Short-term use maximum 5 days; MS: 0.5%. Criteria: Therapeutic indications Safety profile 3.2 Paediatric use: not recommended to be used in children References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 th edition Electronic Medicines Compendium (emc) (Available at: Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) online 2012 (Available at: 12

13 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Triamcinolone 1.2 ATC Code: C05AA12 - Agents for treatment of haemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use, corticosteroids 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: no data in Melclass database. 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 13

14 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Methylprednisolone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AA01 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, weak (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* Cutaneous AT BE Switzerland (CH) ES FR HR reland (E) T Lithuania (LT) MK PL RO UK 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 14

15 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Hydrocortisone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AA02 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, weak (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: treatment of a wide variety of dermatological conditions, including the following: eczema and dermatitis of all types including atopic eczema, photodermatitis, intertrigo, primary irritant and allergic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and insect bite reactions. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: apply, once to four times daily, gradually increasing the intervals between applications as the condition improves. Treatment may then be reduced to two to three times a week or when symptoms recur. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream/ointment 1.6 Contraindications: bacterial (e.g. impetigo), viral (e.g. Herpes simplex) or fungal (e.g. candidal or dermatophyte) infections of the skin; hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone; use on the eyes and face, anogenital region, broken or infected skin including cold sores, acne and athlete's foot. 1.7 Relevant warnings: topical corticosteroids may be hazardous in psoriasis for a number of reasons including rebound relapses following development of tolerance, risk of generalised pustular psoriasis, and local and systematic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin. Careful patient supervision is important. Although generally regarded as safe even for long-term administration in adults, there is potential for overdosage in infants and children. Extreme caution is required in dermatoses of infancy especially napkin eruption where the napkin can act as an occlusive dressing and increase absorption. n infants and children, courses of treatment should therefore not normally exceed 7 days. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be used whenever treating inflammatory lesions, which have become infected. Any spread of infection requires withdrawal of topical corticosteroid therapy, and a systemic administration of antimicrobial agents. As with all corticosteroids, prolonged application to the face is undesirable. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): adverse reactions: local atrophic changes may occur, particularly in skin folds, intertriginous areas or in nappy areas in young children where moist conditions favour hydrocortisone absorption. Systemic absorption from such sites may be sufficient to produce hypercorticism and suppression of the pituitary adrenal axis after prolonged treatment. This effect is more likely to occur in infants and children and if occlusive dressings are used or large areas of skin treated. Napkins may act as occlusive dressings ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* (1) + exemption Annex Cutaneous Max pack-size: 15 g 1% 150mg AT BE OTC, see Annex Cutaneous 1% 300mg Bulgaria (BG) CH + exemption Annex Cutaneous 5 mg CZ OTC, see Annex Cutaneous 1% 100mg Germany (DE) (1) + exemption Annex Cutaneous inflammatory or allergic dermatoses (mild, moderate) for short term use (max % 30 g 15

16 weeks) DK + exemption Annex 1% ES OTC, see Annex Cutaneous 1% F OTC, see Annex FR + exemption Annex Cutaneous HR List : psoriasis, lichens, pruritus, dermatitis, eczema; OTC: for treatment of insect or nettle stings and sunburns OTC: MS: 0.5% MDD: 2 applicati ons/day E + exemption Annex Cutaneous For irritant dermatitis, contact allergic dermatitis, insect bite reactions, mild to moderate 1% 15 g eczema in adults and children not under 10 years. T OTC, see Annex Cutaneous 0.5% LV MK 2.5% 5 g Netherlands (NL) POM Norway (NO) + exemption Annex Cutaneous Ointment and cream 25g containing up to 1% active ingredient 1% 25 g PL + exemption Annex Cutaneous RO (1) Sweden (SE) Slovenia (S) UK + exemption Annex Cutaneous No longer than 2 weeks; Prescription product: MS: 1% few times/day; OTC: MS: 0.5% 2-4 times/day For use as a cream, ointment or spray either alone or in conjunction with crotamiton in irritant dermatitis, contact allergic dermatitis, insect bite reactions, mild to moderate eczema 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List + exemption Annex Exemptions: Not for large surfaces; Adults only; Maximum treatment duration: 7 days; ndications: contact allergic dermatitis, insect bite reactions; MS: 1%; MQP: 150 mg; Max 15 g pack (due to indications). Criteria: Danger of systemic absorption Atrophy of the skin 3.2 Paediatric use: in infants and children, courses of treatment should not exceed 7 days % 1% 75 mg 15 20g References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 th edition emc (Available at: PDR online 2012 (Available at: 16

17 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Prednisolone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AA03 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, weak (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* (1) Cutaneous AT (1) BE CH CZ ES F FR E T LV (1) MK PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 17

18 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Clobetasone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB01 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: treatment of eczema and dermatitis of all types including atopic eczema, photodermatitis, otitis externa, primary irritant and allergic dermatitis (including napkin rash), intertrigo, prurigo nodularis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and insect bite reactions. t may be used as maintenance therapy between courses of one of the more active topical steroids. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: for all ages: 0,05% w/w cream/ointment should be applied to the affected area up to four times a day until improvement occurs, when the frequency of application may be reduced. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream/ointment 1.6 Contraindications: skin lesions caused by infection with viruses (e.g. herpes simplex, chickenpox), fungi (e.g. candidiasis, tinea) or bacteria (e.g. impetigo); hypersensitivity to the clobetasone. 1.7 Relevant warnings: although generally regarded as safe, even for long-term administration in adults, there is a potential for overdosage, and in infants and children this may result in adrenal suppression. Extreme caution is required in dermatoses in such patients and treatment should not normally exceed seven days. n infants, the napkin may act as an occlusive dressing, and increase absorption. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be used whenever treating inflammatory lesions which have become infected. Any spread of infection requires withdrawal of topical corticosteroid therapy, and systemic administration of antimicrobial agents. As with all corticosteroids, prolonged application to the face is undesirable. Topical corticosteroids may be hazardous in psoriasis for a number of reasons including rebound relapses, development of tolerance, risk of generalised pustular psoriasis and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin. f used in psoriasis, careful patient supervision is important. f applied to the eyelids, care is needed to ensure that the preparation does not enter the eye as glaucoma might result. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): Adverse reactions: mmune System Disorders Very rare: hypersensitivity. Local hypersensitivity reactions such as erythema, rash, pruritus, urticaria, local skin burning and allergic contact dermatitis may occur at the site of application and may resemble symptoms of the condition under treatment. n the unlikely event of signs of hypersensitivity appearing, application should stop immediately. Endocrine Disorders Very rare: adrenal suppression When large areas of the body are being treated with clobetasone, it is possible that some patients will absorb sufficient steroid to cause transient adrenal suppression despite the low degree of systemic activity associated with clobetasone. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Very rare: skin atrophy, pigmentation changes, hypertrichosis. Local atrophic changes could possibly occur in situations where moisture increases absorption of clobetasone butyrate, but only after prolonged use. General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Very rare: exacerbation of underlying symptoms Recent cases at European level: no data available ndirect risks (incorrect use): no data available 18

19 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* Cutaneous AT BE BG CH CZ ES POM F POM FR E T + exemption Annex Cutaneous 7.5 mg MK PL PT SE UK + exemption Annex Cutaneous 0.05 mg 15 g 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List Criteria: Therapeutic indications Safety profile 3.2 Paediatric use: in infants and children, courses of treatment should not exceed 7 days. References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37th edition emc (Available at: PDR online 2012 (Available at: 19

20 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Hydrocortisone butyrate 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB02 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Cream/ointment: treatment of conditions responsive to topical corticosteroids e.g. eczema, dermatitis and psoriasis. Topical corticosteroids are not generally indicated in psoriasis but may be acceptable in psoriasis, excluding widespread plaque psoriasis, provided warnings are given. Scalp lotion: treatment of scalp conditions responsive to topical corticosteroids, e.g. eczema, dermatitis and psoriasis. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: for topical application. Dosage: To be applied evenly and sparingly not more than twice daily. Application of cream/ointment may be made under occlusion in the more resistant lesions such as thickened psoriatic plaques on elbows and knees. Adults and elderly: The same dose is used for adults and the elderly, as clinical evidence would indicate that no special dosage regimen is necessary in the elderly. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream/ointment/scalp lotion 1.6 Contraindications: hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone; in the presence of untreated viral or fungal infections, tubercular or syphilitic lesions, peri-oral dermatitis, acne vulgaris and rosacea and in bacterial infections unless used in connection with appropriate chemotherapy. 1.7 Relevant warnings: although generally regarded as safe, even for long-term administration in adults, there is a potential for adverse effects if overused in infancy. Extreme caution is required in dermatoses of infancy. n such patients courses of treatment should not normally exceed 7 days. As with all corticosteroids, application to the face, flexures and other areas of thin skin may cause skin atrophy and increased absorption and should be avoided. Topical corticosteroids may be hazardous in psoriasis for a number of reasons including rebound relapses following development of tolerance, risk of generalised pustular psoriasis and local and systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin. Steroids may have a place in treating psoriasis of the scalp and chronic plaque psoriasis of the hands and feet. Careful patient supervision is important. Contact with the eyes should be avoided. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): Adverse reactions: mmune system disorders Not known: hypersensitivity Endocrine disorders Very rare: adrenal suppression Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rare: skin atrophy, often irreversible, with thinning of the epidermis, telangiectasia, skin striae, pustular acne, perioral dermatitis, rebound effect, skin depigmentation, dermatitis and eczema, including contact dermatitis Recent cases at European level: not known ndirect risks (incorrect use): excessive use under occlusive dressings may produce adrenal suppression. 20

21 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* AT BE CZ ES POM FR HR E T Cutaneous 7.5 mg MK PL Cutaneous Do not use longer than 2 weeks; Cream and ointment: MQP: 0.1% 30 mg 15 mg, Liquid form: MQP: 30 mg RO S 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List Criteria: Therapeutic indications Safety profile 3.2 Paediatric use: Children: long term treatment should be avoided where possible. nfants: therapy should be limited if possible to a maximum of seven days. References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 th edition emc (Available at: PDR online 2012 (Available at: 21

22 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Flumetasone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB03 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* - AT BE CZ ES FR HR HU E MK PL RO 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 22

23 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Fluocortin 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB04 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* - AT BE CZ ES POM FR HR E MK PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 23

24 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Fluperolone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB05 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* - AT BE CZ ES FR HR E MK PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 24

25 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Fluorometholone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB06 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* - AT BE CZ ES FR HR E MK PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 25

26 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Fluprednidene 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB07 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: Posology and duration of treatment: Pharmaceutical forms: Contraindications: Relevant warnings: - 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* - AT BE CZ ES FR HR HU E MK PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: not to classify 3.2 Paediatric use: - References: - 26

27 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Desonide 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB08 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: treatment of eczema and dermatitis including atopic eczema, photodermatitis, primary irritant and allergic dermatitis (including napkin rash), intertrigo, prurigo nodularis, seborrhoeic dermatitis (except seborrhoeic dermatitis on the face) and insect bite reactions. Treatment of psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis). 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: for topical application. Dosage: to be applied no more than twice daily. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream 1.6 Contraindications: hypersensitivity to desonide; in the presence of untreated viral or fungal infections, tubercular or syphilitic lesions, acne vulgaris and rosacea and in bacterial infections unless used in connection with appropriate chemotherapy. 1.7 Relevant warnings: as with all corticosteroids, application to the face, flexures and other areas of thin skin may cause skin atrophy and increased absorption and should be avoided. Topical corticosteroids may be hazardous in psoriasis for a number of reasons including rebound relapses following development of tolerance, risk of generalised pustular psoriasis and local and systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin. Steroids may have a place in psoriasis of the scalp and chronic plaque psoriasis of the hands and feet. Careful patient supervision is important. Contact with the eyes should be avoided. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): Adverse reactions: mmune system disorders: hypersensitivity; Endocrine disorders: adrenal suppression; Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: skin atrophy, often irreversible, with thinning of the epidermis, telangiectasia, skin striae, pustular acne, perioral dermatitis, rebound effect, skin depigmentation, dermatitis and eczema, including contact dermatitis. 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* AT BE CZ ES FR HR 27

28 E T PL 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List Criteria: Therapeutic indications Safety profile Medical supervision required 3.2 Paediatric use: the use in infants should be avoided. References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 th edition emc (Available at: PDR online 2012 (Available at: 28

29 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Triamcinolone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB09 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: it is generally applied to the affected area as a thin film from two to four times daily depending on the severity of the condition. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream 1.6 Contraindications: hypersensitivity to triamcinolone. n the presence of untreated viral or fungal infections, tubercular or syphilitic lesions, acne vulgaris and rosacea and in bacterial infections unless used in connection with appropriate chemotherapy. 1.7 Relevant warnings: systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible HPA axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in some patients. Conditions which augment systemic absorption include the application of the more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, prolonged use, and the addition of occlusive dressings. Therefore, patients receiving a large dose of a potent topical steroid applied to a large surface area or under an occlusive dressing should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression by using the urinary free cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests. f HPA axis suppression is noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent steroid. Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug. nfrequently, signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. Paediatric patients may demonstrate greater susceptibility to topical corticosteroid-induced HPA axis suppression and Cushing s syndrome than mature patients because of a larger skin surface area to body weight ratio. HPA axis suppression, Cushing s syndrome and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, low plasma cortisol levels, and absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilloedema. Administration of topical corticosteroids to children should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Chronic corticosteroid therapy may interfere with the growth and development of children. f irritation develops, topical corticosteroids should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. n the presence of dermatological infections, the use of an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be instituted. f a favourable response does not occur promptly, the corticosteroid should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): adverse reactions: the following local adverse reactions are reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids, but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings: burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, miliaria ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON 29

30 Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of administration Comments MS MDD MQP Melclass database* AT BE OTC, see Annex BG CH CZ DE ES F FR E T LT LV NL NO RO S 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List Criteria: Therapeutic indications Safety profile 3.2 Paediatric use: use with caution References: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 th edition emc (Available at: PDR online 2012 (Available at: 30

31 1. THERAPEUTC PROFLE 1.1 Active ingredient: Alclometasone 1.2 ATC Code: D07AB10 - Corticosteroids, plain; corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ) 1.3 Therapeutic indications: for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroidresponsive dermatoses. Alclometasone cream/ointment may be used in paediatric patients 1 year of age or older, no longer than 3 weeks. Since the safety and efficacy of alclometasone cream/ointment have not been established in paediatric patients below 1 year of age, their use in this age-group is not recommended. 1.4 Posology and duration of treatment: apply a thin film of alclometasone cream/ointment to the affected skin areas 2 or 3 times daily; massage gently until the medication disappears. Alclometasone cream/ointment may be used in paediatric patients 1 year of age or older. Safety and effectiveness of alclometasone cream/ointment in paediatric patients for more than 3 weeks of use have not been established. Use in paediatric patients under 1 year of age is not recommended. As with other corticosteroids, therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved. f no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary. Alclometasone cream/ointment should not be used with occlusive dressings unless directed by a physician. Alclometasone cream/ointment should not be applied in the diaper area if the child still requires napkins as they may constitute occlusive dressing. Geriatric Use: in studies where geriatric patients (65 years of age or older) have been treated with alclometasone cream/ointment, safety did not differ from that in younger patients; therefore, no dosage adjustment is recommended. 1.5 Pharmaceutical forms: cream/ointment 1.6 Contraindications: hypersensitivity to alclometasone. n the presence of untreated viral or fungal infections, tubercular or syphilitic lesions, acne vulgaris and rosacea and in bacterial infections unless used in connection with appropriate chemotherapy. 1.7 Relevant warnings: systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids can produce reversible HPA axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment. Manifestations of Cushing syndrome, hyperglycaemia, and glycosuria can also be produced in some patients by systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids while under treatment. Patients applying a topical steroid to a large surface area or to areas under occlusion should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression. The effects of alclometasone cream/ointment on the HPA axis have been evaluated. n one study, alclometasone cream/ointment were applied to 30% of the body twice daily for 7 days, and occlusive dressings were used in selected patients either 12 hours or 24 hours daily. n another study, alclometasone cream was applied to 80% of the body surface of normal subjects twice daily for 21 days with daily 12-hour periods of whole body occlusion. Average plasma and urinary free cortisol levels and urinary levels of 17-hydroxysteroids were decreased (about 10%), suggesting suppression of the HPA axis under these conditions. Plasma cortisol levels have also been demonstrated to decrease in paediatric patients treated twice daily for 3 weeks without occlusion. f HPA axis suppression is noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent corticosteroid. Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids. nfrequently, signs and symptoms of glucocorticosteroid insufficiency may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. For information on systemic supplementation, see prescribing information for those products. Paediatric use: because of a higher ratio of skin surface area to body mass, paediatric patients are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression and Cushing syndrome when they are treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at greater risk of adrenal insufficiency during and/or after withdrawal of treatment. Adverse effects, including striae, have been reported with inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids in infants and children. Paediatric patients applying alclometasone cream/ointment to >20% of the body surface area are at higher risk for HPA axis suppression. HPA axis suppression, Cushing syndrome, linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in paediatric patients receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in paediatric patients include low plasma cortisol levels and absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema. Alclometasone cream/ointment should not be used in the treatment of napkin dermatitis. f irritation develops, alclometasone cream/ointment should be discontinued and 31

32 appropriate therapy instituted. Allergic contact dermatitis with corticosteroids is usually diagnosed by observing a failure to heal rather than noting a clinical exacerbation, as with most topical products not containing corticosteroids. f concomitant skin infections are present or develop, an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be used. f a favourable response does not occur promptly, use of alclometasone cream/ointment should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled. 2. LST DRECT/NDRECT RSKS (SAFETY PROFLE) 2.1 Direct risks (Pharmacovigilance): adverse reactions: the following local adverse reactions have been reported with alclometasone cream in approximately 2% of patients: itching and burning, erythema, dryness, irritation, and papular rashes. The following local adverse reactions have been reported with alclometasone ointment in approximately 1% of patients: itching, burning, and erythema. The following additional local adverse reactions have been reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids, but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings: folliculitis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria ndirect risks (incorrect use): - 3. CONCLUSONS RECOMMENDATONS FOR LEGAL CLASSFCATON Member states legal classification of the active ingredient for these therapeutic indications (ATC codes) and supply conditions: Routes of Comments MS MDD MQP administration Melclass database* AT BE CZ DE DK ES FR Psoriasis; chronic HR dermatosis E T MK Not for children < 1 PL year 0.05% 10 g S For the short-term treatment and control of patches of eczema and + exemption Annex dermatitis including UK atopic eczema and 0.05% primary irritant and allergic dermatitis in adults and children 12 years and over 3.1 Conditions of supply (ndications, Administration Route, MS, MDD, MQP, as applicable): Recommendation: List Criteria: Therapeutic indications 32