Respiration.notebook March 07, Unit 3. Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium. Oct 11 3:27 PM. Hodgkin s Disease STSE

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1 Unit 3 Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium Review STSE overview Respiratory system Respiratory Disorders Challenge Conclusions Oct 11 3:27 PM Hodgkin s Disease STSE Lymphatic system Humans have two circulatory systems, one involving blood, the other lymph. It is composed of tubes, nodes (sacks), and the liquid (lymph). Lymph is circulated by body muscle movements. Lymph is a yellowish transparent liquid that contains white blood cells.

2 Hodgkin s Disease STSE Lymphatic system is connected to the blood circulatory system at several points White blood cells leave the lymphatic system and enter surrounding tissue to fight pathogens Hodgkin s Disease STSE Hodgkin s Disease cancer that starts in lymphatic tissue can spread to other organs 810 new cases in % survival rate after 15 years (but always improving) Treatments include radiation and chemotherapy,

3 Allergic Reaction p. 386 An antigen is sometimes called an allergen The presence of an allergen results in the release of histamine which can cause the symptoms associated with an allergy (swelling, runny nose, sneezing, coughing). Sometimes an allergic reaction can be so sever that it causes anaphylaxis and can be fatal (eg. Peanuts, bee stings). Autoimmune Disorders p. 386 When your immune system (antibodies) attacks your body. Example : Rheumatoid arthritis Inflammation of the joints as a result of an autoimmune disorder. Antibodies attack the cartilage and bone. Causes pain, stiffness, swelling Treatment includes asprin, and antiinflammatory drugs

4 Respiration.notebook March 07, 2015 Respiratory System p Why do humans need a respiratory system? For gas exchange. Each cell needs oxygen and needs carbon dioxide removed. Humans are too large and thick for respiration to be done by diffusion alone. Respiratory System Has to: 1. Have a large surface area. The larger it is the more gases can be exchanged at afaster rate. 2. Be wet. Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas must be exchanged over a wet surface. Apr 15 5:16 PM Respiratory System Parts of the Respiratory System: 1. Nasal cavity Nose & mouth. Lining has a lot of capillaries, warming air and increasing moisture. Hair and mucus trap pathogens and irritants. 2. Pharynx The tube shared by the respiratory and digestive system. Apr 15 5:17 PM

5 Respiration.notebook March 07, 2015 Respiratory System 3. Glottis The opening of the trachea. It is protected by the epiglottis, a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea. 4. Larynx The voicebox which contains the vocal cords. It is your Adam's apple. 5. Trachea The windpipe which connects the pharynx to the bronchi. It is lined with cilia that produce mucus which trap dust and pathogens. Apr 15 5:19 PM Respiratory System 6. Bronchi Carry air to the lungs. The trachea branches into two bronchi (one in each lung). They have cilia and mucus. 7. Bronchioles Branches of the bronchi. Have cilia and mucus. 8. Alveoli Bronchioles end in clusters of these air sacs. Walls are 1 cell layer thick and are the site of gas exchange. Apr 15 5:19 PM

6 Respiratory Disorders p Lung cancer Causes about 1.2 million deaths worldwide annually. It is caused by exposure to air pollution and cigarette smoke. Symptoms include: coughing, chest pain, and weight loss. Treatment can include surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. There are about 600,000 cases in Canada. Apr 16 4:06 PM Respiratory Disorders 2. Asthma The main reason children are sent to a hospital in Canada. Airways narrow and result in difficulty breathing. This is often caused by some trigger in the environment. Treatment involves medication and a change in lifestyle. There are about 3 million cases in Canada. Apr 16 4:07 PM

7 Respiratory Disorders 3. Pneumonia Inflammation and/or fluid build up on the lungs often cause by an infection. Both symptoms lead to shortness of breath and could result in death. Cases are fairly common throughout the world. Apr 16 4:08 PM Conclusions? Apr 16 4:15 PM

8 How are the two basic gas exchange requirements met by the mammalian lung? Apr 16 4:14 PM