Diphtheria Tetanus Acellular Pertussis Vaccine DTaP

Transcription

1 53 Vol. 34, pp. 5352, 2006 Diphtheria Tetanus Acellular Pertussis Vaccine DTaP ThTh2 2 : Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis vaccine DTaP BALBc DTaP 4 2 Interferon IFN -g, Interleukin IL-2, IL-5, IL-0 DTaP IFN-g, IL-2, IL-5, IL-0 DTaP filamentous hemagglutinin IFN-g, IL-2, IL-5 IL-0 DTaP pertussis toxin DTaP DTaP ThTh2 Diphtheria Tetanus whole-cell Pertussis vaccine DTwP 2 pertussis toxin PT, filamentous 2 hemagglutinin FHA Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis vaccine DTaP 3 24 DTaP 23

2 54 DTaP T Th DTaP DTaP DTaP Th Th2 6 BALBc 46 23C 555C : DTaP lot30b 32A 32B PT: 23 mgpnml, FHA: 82 mg PNml DTaP 69kD : pertactine PRN: agglutinogen AGG : 33.3 Lfml: 53.3 mgml 5Lfml : mg L-: 0. mg : 0. mg :.2 mg : 3 mg : mg :.2 mg : 0.33 mg 0.32 mg : 7.5 mg PT Batch No. PT mg PNml 84 mg PNml FHA Batch No. FHA mg PNml 48 mg PNml BALBc 6 46 DTaP ml phosphate bu#ered saline PBS, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, U.S.A. Lymphocyte Separation Solution; d.077 2,000 rpm 30 min PBS 2 0fetal bovine serum: Bioserum, Victoria, Australia RPMI- 640 Invitrogen, Carlsbad, U.S.A ml ml PT 0. mgml FHA.0 mgml, phytohemagglutinin PHA mgml, DTaP 0 mlml PT mg PNml, FHA mg PNml 37C 5 CO 2 Iwaki Microplate 24 Well with Lid Flat Bottom Interleukin IL -2, IL-0 Immunoassay Kit Biosource, Camarillio, U.S.A. enzymelinked immunosorbent assay ELISA ELISA IL-2: 8 pgml, IL-0: 3 pgml, coe$cient of variation CV IL- 24

3 DTaP 55 2: IL-0: Dynatech MR700 Dynatech, chantilly, U.S.A. 490 nm Interferon IFN-g, IL-5 Cytometric Bead array KitMouse ThTh2 cytokine BD Biosciences, San Diego, U.S.A. flow cytometry FC FACSCalibur Becton Deckinson, San Jose, U.S.A. FC IFN-g: 2.5 pgml, IL-5: 5 pgml, CV IFN-g: , IL-5: cytokine capture beads. Statcel 2 Mann- Whitney[s U test DTaP p0.05. IFN-g IFN-g FC Fig. DTaP PT, FHA IFN-g DTaP IFN-g pgml; p 0.0 vs.80.4 pgml DTaP IFN-g. IL-2 IL-2 ELISA Fig. DTaP PT, FHA IL-2 DTaP IL pgml; p0.05 vs pgml DTaP IL-2 Figure. IFN-g and IL-2 secretions by lymphocyte cells stimulated with inactivated PT, FHA, or DTaP were detected by FC or ELISA. The numbers of measurable supernatant samples were 38 IFN-g and 40 IL-2. BALBc mice were immunized with DTaP or injected with PSS i.m. in the thigh. Results are presented as meanse cytokine secretions in supernatants of splenic lymphocyte cultures in response to the optimal concentration of stimuli. Non means no stimulation. pertussis toxin: PT, filamentous hemagglutinin: FHA, Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis vaccine: DTaP, flow cytometry: FC, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA, physiologic saline: PSS, intramuscularly: i.m. IL-5 IL-5 FC Fig. 2 DTaP PT, FHA IL-5 DTaP IL-5 PT FHA DTaP IL pgml; p0.05 vs pgml DTaP IL-5 25

4 56 IL-0 IL-0 ELISA Fig. 2 DTaP PT IL-0 FHA, DTaP IL-0 FHA: pgml; p0.05 vs 2..0 pgmldtap: pgml; p0.05 vs pgml IL-0 FHA DTaP DTaP IL-0 DTaP PT Figure 2. IL-5 and IL-0 secretions by lymphocyte cells stimulated with inactivated PT, FHA, or DTaP were detected by FC or ELISA. The numbers of measurable supernatant samples were 42 IL-5 and 42 IL-0. BALBc mice were immunized with DTaP or injected with PSS i.m. in the thigh. Results are presented as meanse cytokine secretions in supernatants of splenic lymphocyte cultures in response to the optimal concentration of stimuli. Non means no stimulation. The abbreviations are the same as in the legend to Fig.. FHA DTaP IFN-g, IL-2, IL-5 IL-0 DTaP DTaP PHA DTaP IL-2 Fig. 3 IL-5 IL-0 DTaP DTaP IL-5: pgml; p0.05 vs pgmlil-0: pgml; p 0.05 vs pgml 6 DTaP Th BALBc IFN-g, IL-2 Th IFN-g IFN-gR-- 6 IFN-g Th DTaP DTaP ThTh2 T CD4T IFN-g IL-2 Th IL-4, IL-5, IL-0, IL-3 Th2 Th2 26

5 DTaP 57 Figure 3. IFN-g, IL-2 IL-5, and IL-0 secretions by lymphocyte cells stimulated with PHA were detected by FC or ELISA. The numbers of measurable supernatant samples were 46. BALBc mice were immunized with DTaP or injected with PSS i.m. in the thigh. Results are presented as meanse cytokine secretions in supernatants of splenic lymphocyte cultures in response to the optimal concentration of stimuli. phytohemagglutinin: PHA, flow cytometry: FC, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA, Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis vaccine: DTaP, physiologic saline: PSS, intramuscularly: i.m. acellular Pertussis vaccine Pa 505 PT, FHA, PRN, AGG DTaP Th 0 DTaP FHA whole-cell Pertussis vaccine Pw Th Pa Th2 2 DTaP ThTh PT FHA 4 PT FHA :4 DTaP BALBc IL-5, IL-0 Th2 Th Th2 Th2 IFN-g IL-2 Th BALBc DTaP Th2 Th DTaP 27

6 58 DTaP Bacille Calmette-Guerin BCG BCG Th DTaP 6 DTaP Th2 Th 678 DTaP PT FHA PRN, AGG PT FHA PT FHA PRN, AGG DTaP DTaP ap Th2 920 Freund s Complete Adjubant Th2 ap Th ThTh2 2 C57BL6 Th BALBc Th2 DTaP BALBc BALBc DTaP Th2 Th DTaP DTaP DTaP BCG DTaP BCG DTaP 2004: Kuno-Sakai H and Kimura M. Safety and e$cacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan, evaluated by 23 years of its use for routine immunization. Pediatr Int 2004; 46: Sato Y and Sato H. Comparison of toxicities of acellular pertussis vaccine with whole cell pertussis vaccine in experimental animals. Dev Biol Stand 99; 73: Donnelly S, Loscher CE, Lynch MA and Mills KHG. Whole-cell but not acellular pertussis vaccines induce convulsive activity in mice: evidence of a role for toxin-induced interleukin- beta in a new murine model for analysis of neuronal side e#ects of vaccination. Infect Immun 200; 69: Mills KHG, Ryan M, Ryan E and Mahon BP. 28

7 DTaP 59 A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine e$cacy in children reveals complementary roles for humoral and cell-mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 998; 66: Mills KHG. Immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Microbes Infecct 200; 3: Mahon BP, Brady MT and Mills KHG. Protection against Bordetella pertussis in mice in the absence of detectable circulating antibody: implications for long-term immunity in children. J Infect Dis 2000; 8: Mills KHG, Barnard A, Watkins J and Redhead K. Cell-mediated immunity to Bordetella pertussis: role of Th cells in bacterial clearance in a murine respiratory infection model. Infect Immun 993; 6: McGuirk P, McCann C and Mills KHG. Pathogen-specific T regulatory cells induced in the respiratory tract by a bacterial molecule that stimulates interleukin 0 production by dendritic cells: a novel strategy for evasion of protective T helper type responses by Bordetella pertussis. J Exp Med 2002; 95: Zepp F, Knuf M, Habermehl P, Schmitt HJ, Rebsch C, Schmidtke P, Clemens R and Slaoui M. Pertussis-specific cell-mediated immunity in infants after vaccination with a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine. Infect Immun 996; 64: Tomoda T, Ogura H and Kurashige T. Immune responses to Bordetella pertussis infection and vaccination. J Infect Dis 99; 63: Barnard A, Mahon BP, Watkins J, Redhead K and Mills KHG. ThTh2 cell dichotomy in acquired immunity to Bordetella pertussis: variables in the vivo priming and in vitro cytokine detection techniques a#ect the classification of T-cell subsets as Th Th2 or Th0. Immunol 996; 87: Ryan M, Murphy G, Ryan E, Nilsson L, Shackley F, Gothefors L, Oymar K, Miller E, Storsaeter J and Mills KHG. Distinct T-cell subtypes induced with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in children. Immunol 998; 93: ; 73: Ryan M, Gothefors L, Storsaeter J and Mills KHG. Bordetella pertussis-specific Th Th 2 cells generated following respiratory infection or immunization with an acellular vaccine: comparison of T cell cytokine profiles in infants and mice. Dev Biol Stand 997; 89: Nascimento IP, Dias WO, Mazzantini RP, Miyaji EN, Gamberini M, Quintilio W, Gebara VC, Cardoso DF, Ho PL, Raw I, Winter N, Gicquel B, Rappuoli R and Leite LCC. Recombinant mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing pertussis toxin subunit S induces protection against an intracerebral challenge with live Bordetella pertussis in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68: Ausiello CM, Lande R, Urbani F, Sara A, Stefanelli P, Salmaso S, Mastrantonio P and Cassone A. Cell-mediated immune responses in four-year-old children after primary immunization with acellular pertussis vaccines. Infect Immun 999; 67: Rowe J, Macaubas C, Monger TM, Holt BJ, Harvey J, Poolman JT, Sly PD and Holt PG. Antigen-specific responses to diphtheriatetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine in human infants are initially Th2 polarized. Infect Immun 2000; 68: Sugai T, Mori M, Nakazawa M, Ichiro M, Naruto T, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi Y, Minami M and Yokota S. A CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide as an e$cient adjuvant counterbalancing the Th Th 2 immune response in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Vaccine 2005; 23: Lavigne MV, Castro M, Andino J and Manghi 29

8 520 M. Alternative diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough immunization schedule to evoke a Th2 tetanus and a Th pertussis immune response. Microbes Infect 2004; 6:

9 DTaP 52 Abstract ThTh2 Reaction Induced by Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Tomohiro Katsuta, Ayako Honjo, Satoshi Tateyama, Chiharu Nagaoka, Tadaomi Tokutake, Yutaka Arimoto, Natsuki Nakajima, Toshiro Goshima, and Tatsuo Kato 2 A recent study showed that, following invasion, Bordetella pertussis B. pertussis is taken up by and survives within macrophages and other cell types, providing indirect evidence of a role for cell-mediated immunity. Previous reports have suggested that Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis vaccine DTaP is e#ective for the inducement of humoral immunity, but is weak for inducement of cell-mediated immunity. In clinical use, however, DTaP has a su$cient preventive e#ect for B. pertussis infection and is also safer than whole-cell pertussis vaccine. We measured cytokines secretion with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry to examine the immune response in BALBc mice that were immunized with DTaP intramuscularly and cultured splenic mononuclear cells with B. pertussis-specific antigens. We demonstrated that DTaP induced Th2 cytokines, but we also detected Th cytokines in the supernatants. This study suggests that DTaP induced not only humoral immunity, but also cell-mediated immunity. Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan 2 National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan 3