Deborah E. Schadler, PhD, PRSE. Gwynedd Mercy Unversity Director, Autism Institute

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1 Deborah E. Schadler, PhD, PRSE Gwynedd Mercy Unversity Director, Autism Institute

2

3 Autism is a group of neurological, physiological, developmental disorders known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD causes substantial impairment in three areas of functioning: Communication Social Interaction Behavior

4 Autism Spectrum Disorder Pre Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

5 Federal Definition A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non verbal communication and social interaction, usually evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movement, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual sensory experiences. Source: Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

6 Federal Definition A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non verbal communication and social interaction, that adversely affects a child s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movement, resistance to change and unusual sensory experiences. Source: Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

7 Prevalence CDC ( reports in the United States 1 in 68 children 1 in 52 boys 10 fold increase in 40 years 2012 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

8 CDC Facts Studies have shown that among identical twins, if one child has ASD, then the other will be affected about 36 95% of the time. In non identical twins, if one child has ASD, then the other is affected about 0 31% of the time. Parents who have a child with ASD have a 2% 18% chance of having a second child who is also affected. ASD tends to occur more often in people who have certain genetic or chromosomal conditions. About 10% of children with autism are also identified as having Down syndrome( fragile X syndrome( tuberous sclerosis, or other genetic and chromosomal disorders. Almost half (46%) of children identified with ASD has average to above average intellectual ability. Research has shown that a diagnosis of autism at age 2 can be reliable, valid, and stable.

9 Historical Overview Kanner (1943) Asperger (1944) Bettelheim (1974) Neurological Disorders (Current) Temple Grandin ttps:// Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

10 Etiology No single, known cause Complex symptoms and severity vary, probably many causes Both genetics and environment may play a role. Genetics Several genes appear to be involved in autism Some affect brain development or the way that brain cells communicate Each problem in genes may account for a small number of cases, but taken together, the influence of genes is likely substantial Environmental Factors Researchers are currently exploring: viral infections complications during pregnancy air pollutants

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12 Remember Communication Social Interaction Behavior Early Signs of Autism Video Tutorial Kennedy Krieger

13 not point at objects to show interest not look at objects when another person points at them have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all avoid eye contact and want to be alone have trouble understanding other people s feelings or talking about their own feelings prefer not to be held or cuddled, or might cuddle only when they want to

14 be very interested in people, but not know how to talk, play, or relate to them repeat or echo words or phrases said to them, or repeat words or phrases in place of normal language have trouble expressing their needs using typical words or motions not play pretend games (for example, not pretend to feed a doll) repeat actions over and over again

15 have trouble adapting when a routine changes have unusual reactions to the way things smell, taste, look, feel, or sound lose skills they once had (for example, stop saying words they were using) appear to be unaware when people talk to them, but respond to other sounds CDC.gov

16 CDC.gov Pediatrician: Developmental screening and checklists Developmental Screening Tools: Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Available free online Makethefirstfivecount.com Local Early Intervention Providers ( Birth to Three Program)

17 Organizations autism Sesame Street

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Autism Spectrum Disorder Pre Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

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